Validation of the Multidimensional Blood/Injury Phobia Inventory: Evidence for a unitary construct

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 203-211

  Wenzel, Amy ^a   Holt, Craig S ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IOWA HOSPITALS AND CLINICS   (United States)

^c VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Blood injury phobia; Factor analysis; Scale development; Self report

Indexed keywords

ANXIETY; ARTICLE; AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR; BLOOD; FEAR; FEMALE; HOSPITAL; HUMAN; INJECTION; INJURY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTIDIMENSIONAL BLOOD INJURY PHOBIA INVENTORY; PHOBIA; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; PSYCHOMETRY; SYNCOPE; VALIDATION PROCESS;

EID: 0037709886     PISSN: 08822689     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1023529108350     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Accurso, V., Winnicki, M., Shamsuzzaman, A. S. M., Wenzel, A., Johnson, A. K., & Somers, V. K. (2001). Predisposition to vasovagal syncope in subjects with blood/injury phobia. Circulation, 104, 903-907.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders, fourth edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
3. Barlow, D. H. (1988). Anxiety and its disorders. New York: The Guilford Press.
4. Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1995). Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development. Psychological Assessment, 7, 309-319.
5. Cortina, J. M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 98- 104.
6. Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297-334.
7. First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. W. (1997). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis 1 Disorders, Research Version, Non-patient Edition. (SCID-I/NP). New York: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute.
8. Geer, J. (1965). Development of a scale to measure fear. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 3, 45-53.
9. Hellstrom, K., Fellenius, J., & Ost, L. G. (1996). One versus five sessions of applied tension in the treatment of blood phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 101-112.
10. Kleinknecht, R. A., Kleinknecht, E. E., Sawchuk, C. N., Lee, T. C., & Lohr, J. (1999). The Medical Fears Survey: Psychometric properties. The Behavior Therapist, 22, 109-112, 119.
11. Kleinknecht, R. A., & Lenz, J. (1989). Blood/injury fear, fainting, and avoidance or medically-related situations: A family correspondence study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 27, 537-547.
12. Kleinknecht, R. A., & Thorndike, R. M. (1990). The Mutilation Questionnaire as a predictor of blood/injury fears and fainting. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 429-437.
13. Kleinknecht, R. A., Thorndike, R. M., & Walls, M. M. (1996). Factorial dimensions and correlates of blood, injury, injection and related medical fears: Cross validation of the medical fear survey. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 323-331.
14. Klorman, R., Weerts, T. C., Hastings, J. E., Melamed, B. G., & Lang, P. J. (1974). Psychometric descriptions of some specific fear questionnaires. Behavior Therapy, 5, 401-409.
15. Marks, I. M., & Mathews, A. M. (1979). Brief standard self rating for phobic patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 17, 263-267.
16. Ost, L. G. (1992). Blood and injection phobia: Background, cognitive, physiological, and behavioral variables. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 68-74.
17. Ost, L. G., Hellstrom, K., & Kaver, A. (1992). One versus five sessions of exposure in treatment of injection phobia. Behavior Therapy, 23, 263-282.
18. Ost, L. G., Lindahl, I. L., Sterner, U., & Jerremalm, A. (1984). Exposure in vivo versus applied relaxation in the treatment of blood phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 22, 205-216.
19. Page, A. C. (1994). Blood-injury phobia. Clinical Psychology Review, 14, 443-461.
20. Page, A. C., Bennett, K. S., Carter, O., Smith, J., & Woodmore, K. (1997). The Blood-Injection Symptom Scale (BISS): Assessing a structure of phobic symptoms elicited by blood and injections. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 457-464.
21. Sawchuk, C. S., Lohr, J. M., Tolin, D. F., Lee, T. C., & Kleinknecht, R. A. (2000). Disgust sensitivity and contamination fears in spider and blood-injury-injection phobias. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 753-762.
22. Sharma, S. (1990). Applied multivariate techniques. New York: Wiley.
23. Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
24. Thyer, B. A., Himle, J., & Curtis, G. C. (1985). Blood-injury-illness phobia: A review. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41, 451-459.
25. Tolin, D. F., Sawchuk, C. N., & Lee, T. C. (1999). The role of disgust in blood-injury-injection phobia. Behavior Therapist, 22, 96-99.
26. Trull, T. J., & Hillerbrand, E. (1990). Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Fear Questionnaire phobia subscale items in two normative samples. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 12, 285-297.
27. Wenzel, A., & Holt, C. S. (1999). Dot probe performance in two specific phobias. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38, 407-410.
28. Wenzel, A., & Holt, C. S. (2000). Situation-specific scripts for threat in two specific phobias. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 22, 1-21.
29. Wolpe, J., & Lang, P. L. (1964). A fear survey for use in behaviour therapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2, 27-30.