Effects of soil reinforcing materials on the surface hardness, soil bulk density, and water content of a sand root zone

Crop Science

Volumn 43, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 957-966

  McNitt, A S ^a   Landschoot, P J ^a  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

POACEAE;

EID: 0037695234     PISSN: 0011183X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2003.9570     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. American Society for Testing and Materials. 1997. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vol. 15.07. End Use Products. Standard test method for saturated hydraulic conductivity, water retention, porosity, particle density, and bulk density of putting green and sports turf rootzone mixes. F1815-97. ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA.
2. American Society for Testing and Materials. 1998. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vol. 15.07. End Use Products. Standard test method for organic matter content of putting green and sports turf rootzone mixes. F1647-98. ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA.
3. American Society for Testing and Materials. 1999. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vol. 4.08. Soil and Rock. Test method for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort. D698-91. ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA.
4. Baker, S.W. 1991. Temporal variation of selected mechanical properties of natural turf football pitches. J. Sports Turf Res. Inst. 67: 83-92.
5. Baker, S.W. 1997. The reinforcement of turfgrass areas using plastic and other synthetic materials: A review. Int. Turf. Soc. Res. J. 8: 3-13.
6. Baker, S.W., and P.M. Canaway. 1993. Concepts of playing quality: Criteria and measurement. Int. Turf. Soc. Res. J. 7:172-181.
7. Baker, S.W., and C.W. Richards. 1995. The effect of fibre reinforcement on the quality of sand rootzones used for winter games pitches. J. Sports Turf Res. Inst. 71:107-117.
8. Beard, J.B., and S.I. Sifers. 1993. Stabilization and enhancement of sand-modified rootzones for high traffic sports turfs with mesh elements. A randomly interlocking mesh inclusion system. Tech. Rep. B-1710. Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., College Station, TX.
9. Canaway, P.M. 1994. A field trial on isotropic stabilisation of sand rootzones for football using Netlon mesh elements. J. Sports Turf Res. Inst. 70:100-109.
10. Canaway, P.M., M.J. Bell, G. Holmes, and S.W. Baker. 1990. Standards for the playing quality of natural turf for association football. p. 29-47. In R.C. Schmidt et al. (ed.) Natural and artificial playing fields: Characteristics and safety features. STP 1073. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA.
11. Cockerham, S.T., and D.J. Brinkman. 1989. A simulator for cleated-shoe sports traffic on turfgrass research plots. Calif. Turfgrass Culture 39(3&4):9-10.
12. Gardner, W.H. 1986. Water content. p. 493-544. In A. Klute (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madision, WI.
13. Gray, D.H., and T. Al-Refeai. 1986. Behavior of fabric- versus fiber-reinforced sand. J. Geotec. Eng. 112:804-820.
14. Gray, D.H., and H. Ohashi. 1983. Mechanics of fiber reinforcement in sand. J. Geotec. Eng. 109:335-353.
15. Leflaive, E. 1982. The reinforcement of granular materials with continuous fibers. p. 721-726. In Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Geotextiles, Las Vegas, NV. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
16. Malloch, W. 1996. Reuse-A-Shoe material specifications. Internal res. rep. Nike, Beaverton, OR.
17. McGown, A., K.Z. Andrawes, N. Hytiris, and F.B. Mercer. 1985. Soil strengthening using randomly distributed mesh elements. p. 1735-1738. In Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Soil Mech. and Foundation Eng., San Francisco, CA. August 1985. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
18. McNitt, A.S., and P.J. Landschoot. 2001a. The effects of soil reinforcing inclusions in an athletic field rootzone. Int. Tuff. Soc. Res. J. 9:565-572.
19. McNitt, A.S., and P.J. Landschoot. 2001b. The evaluation of a modular turfgrass system amended with shredded carpet. Int. Turf. Soc. Res. J. 9:559-564.
20. Mercer, F.B., K.Z. Andrawes, and A. McGown. 1984. A new method of soil stabilisation. Paper 8:1. In Proc. Symp. Polymer Grid Reinforcement in Civil Eng., London. March 1984. Thomas Telford Ltd., London.
21. Richards, C.W. 1994. Effect of mesh element inclusion on soil physical properties of turfgrass root-zones. J. Sports Turf Res. Inst. 70:110-118.
22. Rogers, J.N., III, and D.V. Waddington. 1989. The effect of cutting height and verdure on impact absorption and traction characteristics in tall fescue turf. J. Sports Turf Res. Inst. 65:80-90.
23. Rogers, J.N., III, and D.V. Waddington. 1990. Effects of management practices on impact absorption and shear resistance in natural turf. p. 136-146. In R.C. Schmidt et al. (ed.) Natural and artificial playing fields: Characteristics and safety features. STP 1073. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA.
24. Waddington, D.V. 1992. Soils, soil mixtures, and soil amendments. p. 331-383. In D.V. Waddington et al. (ed.). Turfgrass. Agron. Monogr. 32. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.