Organizational sticking points on NK landscapes

Complexity

Volumn 7, Issue 5, 2002, Pages 31-43

  Rivkin, Jan W ^a   Siggelkow, Nicolaj ^b  

^a HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Equilibrium; Fitness landscape; Local peak; Organizations; Sticking point

Indexed keywords

EID: 0037694179     PISSN: 10762787     EISSN: 10990526     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/cplx.10037     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Wright, S. Evolution in Mendelian populations. Genetics 1931, 16, 97–159.
2. Gillespie, J.H. Molecular evolution over the mutational landscape. Evolution 1984, 38, 1116–1129.
3. Kauffman, S.; Levin, S. Toward a general theory of adaptive walks on rugged landscapes, J Theor Biol 1987, 128, 11–45.
4. Kauffman, S.A.; Weinberger, E.D.; Perelson, A.S. Maturation of the immune response via adaptive walks on affinity landscapes. In: Theoretical Immunology, Part I; Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity. Perelson, A.S., Ed.; Addison-Wesley: New York, 1988.
5. Kauffman, S.A.; Weinberger, E.D. The N-k model of rugged fitness landscapes and its application to maturation of the immune response. J Theor Biol 1989, 141, 211–245.
6. Macken, C.A.; Hagan, P.S.; Perelson, A.S. Evolutionary walks on rugged landscapes. SIAM J Appl Math 1991, 51, 799–827.
7. Kauffman, S.A. The Origins of Order: Self-organization and Selection in Evolution. Oxford University Press: New York, 1993.
8. Holland, J. Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems: An Introductory Analysis with Applications to Biology, Control, and Artificial Intelligence. University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, 1975.
9. Kirkpatrick, S.; Gelatt, Jr., C.D.; Vecchi, M.P. Optimization by simulated annealing. Science 1983, 220, 671–680.
10. Palmer, R. Statistical mechanics approaches to complex optimization problems. In: The Economy as an Evolving Complex System. Anderson, P.W.; Arrow, K.J.; Pines D., Eds.; Addison-Wesley: Reading, 1988.
11. Weinberger, E.D. Local properties of Kauffman's N-k model: A tunably rugged energy landscape. Phys Rev A 1991, 44, 6399–6413.
12. Kauffman, S.A. At home in the universe: The search for laws of self-organization and complexity. Oxford University Press: New York, 1995.
13. Westhoff, F.H.; Yarbrough, B.V.; Yarbrough, R.M. Complexity, organization, and Stuart Kauffman's The Origins of Order. J Econ Behav Org 1996, 29, 1–25.
14. Levinthal, D.A. Adaptation on rugged landscapes. Management Sci 1997, 43, 934–950.
15. Sorenson, O.J. The complexity catastrophe in the computer industry: Interdependence and adaptability in organizational evolution. Ph.D. Dissertation, Stanford University: Stanford, 1997.
16. Levinthal, D.A.; Warglien, M. Landscape design: Designing for local action in complex worlds. Org Sci 1999, 10, 342–357.
17. McKelvey, B. Avoiding complexity catastrophe in coevolutionary pockets: Strategies for rugged landscapes. Org Sci 1999, 10, 294–321.
18. Rivkin, J.W. Imitation of complex strategies. Management Sci 2000, 46, 824–844.
19. Gavetti, G.; Levinthal, D. Looking forward and looking backward: Cognitive and experiential search. Admin Sci Quart 2000, 45, 113–137.
20. Rivkin, J.W. Reproducing knowledge: Replication without imitation at moderate complexity. Org Sci 2001, 12, 274–293.
21. Levitan, B.; Lobo, J.; Kauffman, S.A.; Schuler, R. Optimal organizational size in a stochastic environment with externalities. Working paper 99-04-024. Santa Fe Institute: 1999.
22. Kauffman, S.A.; Macready, W.G. Technological evolution and adaptive organizations. Complexity 1995, 1, 26–43.
23. Lobo, J.; Macready, W.G. Landscapes: A natural extension of search theory. Working paper 99-05-037. Santa Fe Institute, 1999.
24. Baldwin, C.Y.; Clark, K.B. Design Rules: The Power of Modularity. MIT Press: Cambridge, 2000.
25. Kauffman, S.A.; Lobo, J.; Macready, W.G. Optimal search on a technology landscape. J Econ Behav Org 2000, 43, 141–166.
26. Fleming, L.; Sorenson, O. Technology as a complex adaptive system: Evidence from patent data. Res Policy 2001, 30, 1019–1039.
27. Kollman, K.; Miller, J.H.; Page, S.E. Adaptive parties in spatial elections. Am Polit Sci Rev 1992, 86, 929–937.
28. Solow, D.; Burnetas, A.; Tsai, M.-C.; Greenspan, N.S. Understanding and attenuating the complexity catastrophe in Kauffman's NK model of genome evolution. Complexity 1999, 5(1), 53–66.
29. Mintzberg, H. The Structuring of Organizations. Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1979.
30. Jensen, M.C.; Meckling, W.H. Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. J Financial Econ 3: 1976, pp. 305–360.
31. Bower, J.L. Managing the Resource Allocation Process. Harvard Business School Press: Boston, 1970.
32. Jensen, M.C.; Meckling, W.H.; Baker, G.P.; Wruck, K.H. Coordination, control, and the management of organizations: Course notes. Working paper 98-098. Harvard Business School: Boston, 1999.
33. Kauffman, S.A.; Johnsen, S. Coevolution to the edge of chaos: Coupled fitness landscapes, poised states, and coevolutionary avalanches. J Theor Biol 1991, 149, 467–506.
34. Simon, H.A. Models of Man: Social and Rational; Mathematical Essays on Rational Human Behavior in a Social Setting. Wiley: New York, 1957.
35. Milgrom, P.R.; Roberts, J. The economics of modern manufacturing: Technology, strategy, and organization. Am Econ Rev 1990, 80, 511–528.
36. Milgrom, P.R.; Roberts, J. Economics, Organization and Management. Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1992.
37. Porter, M.E. What is strategy? Harvard Bus Rev 1996, 74(6), 61–78.
38. Siggelkow, N. Change in the presence of fit: The rise, the fall, and the renaissance of Liz Claiborne. Acad Manage J 2001, 44, 838–857.
39. Levinthal, D.A. A survey of agency models of organizations. J Econ Behav Org 1988, 9, 153–185.
40. Holmström, B.; Milgrom, P.R. The firm as an incentive system. Am Econ Rev 1994, 84, 972–991.
41. Aghion, P.; Tirole, J. Formal and real authority in organizations. J Pol Econ 1997, 105, 1–29.
42. Maskin, E.; Qian, Y.; Xu, C. Incentives, information, and organizational form. Rev Econ Studies 2000, 67, 359–378.
43. Holmström, B. Moral hazard and observability. Bell J Econ 1979, 10, 74–91.
44. Holmström, B. Moral hazard in teams. Bell J Econ 1982, 13, 324–340.
45. Rivkin, W.; Siggelkow, N. Balancing search and stability: Interdependencies among elements of organizational design. Working paper. Harvard Business School, Boston, 2002.