Cowards and heroes: Group loyalty in the American Civil War

Quarterly Journal of Economics

Volumn 118, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 519-548

  Costa, Dora L ^b   Kahn, Matthew E ^a  

^a TUFTS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0037677805     PISSN: 00335533     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/003355303321675446     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Alesina, Alberto, Reza Baqir, and William Easterly, "Public Goods and Ethnic Divisions," Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXIV (1999), 1243-1284.
2. Alesina, Alberto, and Eliana La Ferrara, "Participation in Heterogeneous Communities," Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXV (2000), 847-904.
3. Bearman, Peter S., "Desertion as Localism: Army Unit Solidarity and Group Norms in the U. S. Civil War," Social Forces, LXX (1991), 321-342.
4. Beevor, Antony, Stalingrad (New York: Viking, 1998).
5. Berman, Eli, "Sect, Subsidy, and Sacrifice: An Economist's View of Ultra-Orthodox Jews," Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXV (2000), 905-954.
6. Brock, William A., and Steven N. Durlauf, "Discrete Choice with Social Interactions," Review of Economic Studies, LXVIII (2001), 235-260.
7. Cai, T., L. J. Wei, and M. Wilcox, "Semiparametric Regression Analysis For Clustered Failure Time Data," Biometrika, LXXXVII (2000), 867-878.
8. Coleman, James, Foundations of Social Theory (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990).
9. Costa, Dora L., and Matthew E. Kahn, "Understanding the American Decline in Social Capital, 1952-1998," Kyklos, LVI (2003).
10. Dollard, John, Fear in Battle (New Haven, CT: The Institute of Human Relations, Yale University, 1943).
11. Fogel, Robert W., Without Consent or Contract: The Rise and Fall of American Slavery (New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1989).
12. _, "Early Indicators of Later Work Levels, Disease, and Death," Grant submitted to NIH, February 1, 2001.
13. Gibbons, Robert, "Incentives in Organizations," Journal of Economic Perspectives, XII (1998), 115-132.
14. Glaeser, Edward L., David Laibson, and Bruce Sacerdote, "The Economic Approach to Social Capital," National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 7728, 2000.
15. Goldin, Claudia, and Lawrence F. Katz, "Human Capital and Social Capital: The Rise of Secondary Schooling in America, 1910 to 1940," Journal of Interdisciplinary History, XXIX (1999), 683-723.
16. Gould, Benjamin Apthrop, Investigations in the Military and Anthropological Statistics of American Soldiers (New York: Published for the United States Sanitary Commission by Hurd and Houghton, 1869).
17. Hanson, Victor Davis, The Soul of Battle: From Ancient Times to the Present Day, How Three Great Liberators Vanquished Tyranny (New York: Anchor Books, 1999).
18. _, Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the Rise of Western Power (New York: Doubleday, 2001).
19. Hattaway, Herman M., "The Civil War Armies: Creation, Mobilization, and Development," On the Road to Total War: The American Civil War and the German Wars of Unification, 1861-1871, Stig Föster and Jörg Nagler, eds. (Cambridge-New York: German Historical Institute and Cambridge University Press, 1997).
20. Hess, Earl J., The Union Soldier in Battle: Enduring the Ordeal of Combat (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1997).
21. Holmström, Bengt, "Moral Hazard in Teams," Bell Journal of Economics, XIII (1982), 324-340.
22. Ichino, Andrea, and Giovanni Maggi, "Work Environment and Individual Background: Explaining Regional Shirking Differentials in a Large Italian Firm," Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXV (2000), 1057-1090.
23. Kandel, Eugene, and Edward P. Lazear, "Peer Pressure and Partnerships," Journal of Political Economy, C (1992), 801-817.
24. Keegan, John, The Face of Battle (Hartmondsworth, Middlesex, UK: Penguin Books, 1976).
25. Kemp, Thomas R., "Community and War: The Civil War Experience of Two New Hampshire Towns," Toward a Social History of the American Civil War: Exploratory Essays, Maris A. Vinovskis, ed. (New York-Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
26. Knippschild, Dieter, "Deserteure im Zweiten Weltkrieg: Der Stand der Debatte," Armeen und ihre Deserteure: Vernachlässigte Kapitel einer Militärgeschichte der Neuzeit, Ulrich Bröckling and Michael Sikora, eds. (Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1998).
27. Lazear, Edward P., "Why Is There Mandatory Retirement?" Journal of Political Economy, LXXXVII (1979), 1261-1284.
28. Lee, W. W., L. J. Wei, and D. A. Amato, "Cox-Type Regression Analysis for Large Numbers of Small Groups of Correlated Failure Time Observations, "Survival Analysis: State of the Art, J. P. Klein and P. K. Goel, eds. (Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer, 1992).
29. Levitt, Steven D., and Sudhir Alladi Venkatesh, "An Economic Analysis of a Drug-Selling Gang's Finances," Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXV (2000), 755-790.
30. Linderman, Gerald F., Embattled Courage: The Experience of Combat in the American Civil War (New York: The Free Press, 1987).
31. Luttmer, Erzo F. P., "Group Loyalty and the Taste for Redistribution," Journal of Political Economy, CIX (2001), 500-528.
32. Manski, Charles F., "Identification of Endogenous Social Effects: The Reflection Problem," Review of Economic Studies, IX (1993), 531-542.
33. _, "Economic Analysis of Social Interactions," Journal of Economic Perspectives, XIV (2000), 115-136.
34. Margo, Robert A., and Richard H. Steckel, "Heights of Native-Born Whites During the Antebellum Period," Journal of Economic History, XLIII (1983), 167-174.
35. McPherson, James M., For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War (Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press, 1997).
36. Menand, Louis, The Metaphysical Club (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2001).
37. Mitchell, Reid, "The Northern Soldier and His Community," Toward a Social History of the American Civil War: Exploratory Essays, Maris A. Vinovskis, ed. (New York-Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
38. O'Reilly, C. A., D. F. Caldwell, and W. P. Barnett, "Work Group Demography, Social Integration, and Turnover," Administrative Science Quarterly, XXXIV (1989), 21-37.
39. Pfeffer, Jeffrey, New Directions for Organization Theory (New York-Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997).
40. Poterba, James M., "Demographic Structure and the Political Economy of Public Education," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, XVI (1997), 48-66.
41. Sikora, Michael, "Das 18. Jahrhundert: Die Zeit der Deserteure," Armeen und ihre Deserteure: Vernachlässigte Kapitel einer Militärgeschichte der Neuzeit, Ulrich Bröckling and Michael Sikora, eds. (Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1998).
42. Stouffer, Samuel A., et al., The American Soldier: Combat and its Aftermath, Volume II (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1949).
43. United States Provost Marshall General, Final Report, United States House of Representatives, Executive Document No. 1, 39th Congress, 1st Session, Series Numbers 1251, 1252, 1866.
44. Vinovskis, Maris A., "Have Social Historians Lost the Civil War? Some Preliminary Demographic Speculations," Toward a Social History of the American Civil War: Exploratory Essays, Maris A. Vinovskis, ed. (New York-Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
45. Weitz, Mark A., A Higher Duty: Desertion Among Georgia Troops During the Civil War (Lincoln, NB, and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2000).