메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 96, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 156-172

Spatial Processes in the Evolution of Resistance in Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bt Transgenic Corn and Cotton in a Mixed Agroecosystem: A Biology-rich Stochastic Simulation Model

Author keywords

Bacillus thuringiensis; Computer simulation; Resistance management; Transgenic crops

Indexed keywords

BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS; GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM; HELICOVERPA ZEA; HELIOTHIS VIRESCENS; HEXAPODA; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; ZEA MAYS;

EID: 0037676095     PISSN: 00220493     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jee/96.1.156     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (96)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0028975768 scopus 로고
    • Managing the evolution of insect resistance to transgenic plants
    • Alstad, D. N., and D. A. Andow. 1995. Managing the evolution of insect resistance to transgenic plants. Science 268: 1894-1896.
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 1894-1896
    • Alstad, D.N.1    Andow, D.A.2
  • 5
    • 0030485287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field performance of cottons expressing transgenic CryIA insecticidal proteins for resistance to Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
    • Benedict, J. H., E. S. Sachs, D. W. Altman, W. R. Benton, R. J. Kohel, D. R. Ring, and S. A. Berbrerich. 1996. Field performance of cottons expressing transgenic CryIA insecticidal proteins for resistance to Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 89: 230-238.
    • (1996) J. Econ. Entomol. , vol.89 , pp. 230-238
    • Benedict, J.H.1    Sachs, E.S.2    Altman, D.W.3    Benton, W.R.4    Kohel, R.J.5    Ring, D.R.6    Berbrerich, S.A.7
  • 6
    • 0000246759 scopus 로고
    • Influence of habitat on the pest status and management of Heliothis species on cotton in the southern United States
    • K. C. Kim and B. A. McPheron [eds. ], Wiley, New York
    • Bradley, J. R. Jr. 1993. Influence of habitat on the pest status and management of Heliothis species on cotton in the southern United States, pp. 375-91. In K. C. Kim and B. A. McPheron [eds. ], Evolution of Insect Pests: Patterns of Variation. Wiley, New York.
    • (1993) Evolution of Insect Pests: Patterns of Variation , pp. 375-391
    • Bradley Jr., J.R.1
  • 7
    • 0035261414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of Insecticides of Different Chemistries Against Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis and Conventional Cotton
    • Brickle, D. S., S. G. Turnipseed, and M. J. Sulivan. 2001. Efficacy of Insecticides of Different Chemistries Against Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis and Conventional Cotton. J. Econ. Entomol. 94: 86-92.
    • (2001) J. Econ. Entomol. , vol.94 , pp. 86-92
    • Brickle, D.S.1    Turnipseed, S.G.2    Sulivan, M.J.3
  • 10
    • 0001381862 scopus 로고
    • Gene flow accelerates local adaptation among finite populations: Simulating the evolution of insecticide resistance
    • Caprio, M. A., and B. E. Tabashnik. 1992. Gene flow accelerates local adaptation among finite populations: simulating the evolution of insecticide resistance. J. Econ. Entomol. 85: 611-620.
    • (1992) J. Econ. Entomol. , vol.85 , pp. 611-620
    • Caprio, M.A.1    Tabashnik, B.E.2
  • 12
    • 0242652951 scopus 로고
    • Overwinter survival of Heliothis zea produced on late-planted field corn in North Carolina
    • Caron, R. E., J. R. Bradley, R. H. Pleasants, R. L. Rabb, and R. E. Stinner. 1978. Overwinter survival of Heliothis zea produced on late-planted field corn in North Carolina. Environ. Entomol. 7: 193-196.
    • (1978) Environ. Entomol. , vol.7 , pp. 193-196
    • Caron, R.E.1    Bradley, J.R.2    Pleasants, R.H.3    Rabb, R.L.4    Stinner, R.E.5
  • 13
    • 0001196597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inheritance of resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis CryIC toxin in Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
    • Chaufaux, J., J. Muller-Cohn, C. Buisson, V. Sanchis, D. Lereclus, and N. Pasteur. 1997. Inheritance of resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis CryIC toxin in Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 90: 873-878.
    • (1997) J. Econ. Entomol. , vol.90 , pp. 873-878
    • Chaufaux, J.1    Muller-Cohn, J.2    Buisson, C.3    Sanchis, V.4    Lereclus, D.5    Pasteur, N.6
  • 15
    • 0001006199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant pesticides resistance management
    • [EPA] Environmental Protection Agency. 1997. Plant pesticides resistance management. Federal Register. 62: 8242-8244.
    • (1997) Federal Register , vol.62 , pp. 8242-8244
  • 16
    • 0242453188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC
    • [EPA] Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. White paper on Bt plant-pesticide resistance management, 84 pp. Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC.
    • (1998) White Paper on Bt Plant-pesticide Resistance Management
  • 17
    • 0000476882 scopus 로고
    • Within-plant distribution of Heliothis spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs and larvae on cotton in North Carolina
    • Farrar, R. R. Jr., and J. R. Bradley, Jr. 1985. Within-plant distribution of Heliothis spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs and larvae on cotton in North Carolina. Environ. Entomol. 14: 205-209.
    • (1985) Environ. Entomol. , vol.14 , pp. 205-209
    • Farrar Jr., R.R.1    Bradley Jr., J.R.2
  • 18
    • 0017775188 scopus 로고
    • Genetic and biological influences in the evolution of insecticide resistance
    • Georghiou, G. P., and C. E. Taylor. 1977a. Genetic and biological influences in the evolution of insecticide resistance. J. Econ. Entomol. 70: 319-323.
    • (1977) J. Econ. Entomol. , vol.70 , pp. 319-323
    • Georghiou, G.P.1    Taylor, C.E.2
  • 19
    • 0017540674 scopus 로고
    • Operational influences in the evolution of insecticide resistance
    • Georghiou, G. P., and C. E. Taylor. 1977b. Operational influences in the evolution of insecticide resistance. J. Econ. Entomol. 70: 653-658.
    • (1977) J. Econ. Entomol. , vol.70 , pp. 653-658
    • Georghiou, G.P.1    Taylor, C.E.2
  • 20
    • 0010549588 scopus 로고
    • Potential problems with high-dose strategies for pesticidal engineered crops
    • Gould, F. 1994. Potential problems with high-dose strategies for pesticidal engineered crops. Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 4: 451-461.
    • (1994) Biocontrol Sci. Technol. , vol.4 , pp. 451-461
    • Gould, F.1
  • 21
    • 0031938429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainability of transgenic insecticidal cultivars: Integrating pest genetics and ecology
    • Gould, F. 1998. Sustainability of transgenic insecticidal cultivars: integrating pest genetics and ecology. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 43: 701-726.
    • (1998) Annu. Rev. Entomol. , vol.43 , pp. 701-726
    • Gould, F.1
  • 22
    • 0029174733 scopus 로고
    • Selection and genetic analysis of a Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) strain with high levels of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins
    • Gould, F., A. Anderson, A. Reynold, L. Bumgarner, and W. Moar. 1995. Selection and genetic analysis of a Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) strain with high levels of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. J. Econ. Entomol. 88: 1545-1559.
    • (1995) J. Econ. Entomol. , vol.88 , pp. 1545-1559
    • Gould, F.1    Anderson, A.2    Reynold, A.3    Bumgarner, L.4    Moar, W.5
  • 24
    • 0013659257 scopus 로고
    • Comparative suitability of whorl stages of sweet corn for establishment by larvae of the corn earworm
    • Gross, H. R., Jr., B. R. Wiseman, and W. W. McMillian. 1976. Comparative suitability of whorl stages of sweet corn for establishment by larvae of the corn earworm. Environ. Entomol. 5: 955-958.
    • (1976) Environ. Entomol. , vol.5 , pp. 955-958
    • Gross Jr., H.R.1    Wiseman, B.R.2    McMillian, W.W.3
  • 25
    • 0242492970 scopus 로고
    • Comparative development and fecundity of corn earworm reared on selected wild and cultivated early-season hosts common to the southeastern U.S
    • Gross, H. R., and J. R. Young. 1977. Comparative development and fecundity of corn earworm reared on selected wild and cultivated early-season hosts common to the southeastern U.S. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 70: 63-65.
    • (1977) Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. , vol.70 , pp. 63-65
    • Gross, H.R.1    Young, J.R.2
  • 26
    • 0030497732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival and growth of bollworm and tobacco budworm on nontransgenic and transgenic cotton expressing a CryIa insecticidal protein (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
    • Halcomb, J. L., J. H. Benedict, B. Cook, and D. R. Ring. 1996. Survival and growth of bollworm and tobacco budworm on nontransgenic and transgenic cotton expressing a CryIA insecticidal protein (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environ. Entomol. 24: 250-255.
    • (1996) Environ. Entomol. , vol.24 , pp. 250-255
    • Halcomb, J.L.1    Benedict, J.H.2    Cook, B.3    Ring, D.R.4
  • 27
    • 0033532295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inheritance of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Dipel ES) in the European corn borer
    • Huang, F. N., L. L. Buschman, R. A. Higgins, and W. H. McGaughey. 1999. Inheritance of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Dipel ES) in the European corn borer. Science 284: 965-967.
    • (1999) Science , vol.284 , pp. 965-967
    • Huang, F.N.1    Buschman, L.L.2    Higgins, R.A.3    McGaughey, W.H.4
  • 28
    • 0000088065 scopus 로고
    • Ovipositional response of Heliothis zea to its major hosts in North Carolina
    • Johnson, M. W., R. E. Stinner, and R. L. Rabb. 1975. Ovipositional response of Heliothis zea to its major hosts in North Carolina. Environ. Entomol. 4: 291-297.
    • (1975) Environ. Entomol. , vol.4 , pp. 291-297
    • Johnson, M.W.1    Stinner, R.E.2    Rabb, R.L.3
  • 29
    • 0002765006 scopus 로고
    • The rationale for areawide management of Heliothis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations
    • Knipling, E. F., and E. A. Stadelbacher. 1983. The rationale for areawide management of Heliothis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations. Bull. Entomol. So. Am. Winter. 1983: 29-37.
    • (1983) Bull. Entomol. So. Am. Winter , vol.1983 , pp. 29-37
    • Knipling, E.F.1    Stadelbacher, E.A.2
  • 30
    • 0010304573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of natural enemy conservation and planting date on the susceptibility of Bt cotton to Helicoverpa zea in North Carolina
    • Memphis TN
    • Lambert, A. L., J. R. Bradley, Jr., and J. W. Van Duyn. 1996. Effects of natural enemy conservation and planting date on the susceptibility of Bt cotton to Helicoverpa zea in North Carolina. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Res. Conf., Natl. Cotton Council Am., Memphis TN, vol. 2, pp. 931-935.
    • (1996) Proc. Beltwide Cotton Res. Conf., Natl. Cotton Council Am. , vol.2 , pp. 931-935
    • Lambert, A.L.1    Bradley Jr., J.R.2    Van Duyn, J.W.3
  • 31
    • 0033043552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in susceptibility of noctuid (Lepidoptera) larvae attacking cotton and soybean to purified endotoxin proteins and commercial formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis
    • Luttrell, R. G., L. Wan, and K. Knighten. 1999. Variation in susceptibility of noctuid (Lepidoptera) larvae attacking cotton and soybean to purified endotoxin proteins and commercial formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis. J. Econ. Entomol. 92: 21-32.
    • (1999) J. Econ. Entomol. , vol.92 , pp. 21-32
    • Luttrell, R.G.1    Wan, L.2    Knighten, K.3
  • 32
    • 0033082092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of transgenic sweet corn hybrids expressing CryIA(b) toxin for resistance to corn earworm and fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
    • Lynch, R. E., B. R. Wiseman, D. Plaisted, and D. Warnick. 1999. Evaluation of transgenic sweet corn hybrids expressing CryIA(b) toxin for resistance to corn earworm and fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 92: 246-252.
    • (1999) J. Econ. Entomol. , vol.92 , pp. 246-252
    • Lynch, R.E.1    Wiseman, B.R.2    Plaisted, D.3    Warnick, D.4
  • 34
    • 0026465641 scopus 로고
    • Preventing insect adaptation to insect resistant crops: Are seed mixtures or refugia the best strategy
    • Mallet, J., and P. Porter. 1992. Preventing insect adaptation to insect resistant crops: are seed mixtures or refugia the best strategy. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B. 250: 165-169.
    • (1992) Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B , vol.250 , pp. 165-169
    • Mallet, J.1    Porter, P.2
  • 35
    • 0012299259 scopus 로고
    • Wild host plants of the corn earworm and the tobacco budworm in eastern North Carolina
    • Neunzig, H. H. 1963. Wild host plants of the corn earworm and the tobacco budworm in eastern North Carolina. J. Econ. Entomol. 56: 135-39.
    • (1963) J. Econ. Entomol. , vol.56 , pp. 135-139
    • Neunzig, H.H.1
  • 36
    • 0007367092 scopus 로고
    • The biology of the tobacco budworm and the corn earworm in North Carolina with particular reference to tobacco as a host
    • Neunzig, H. H. 1969. The biology of the tobacco budworm and the corn earworm in North Carolina with particular reference to tobacco as a host. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin, No. 196. 63pp.
    • (1969) North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin , vol.196
    • Neunzig, H.H.1
  • 37
    • 0242621692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agricultural Statistics Division, Field Crops
    • [NCDACS] North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. 2001. Annual Summary: Crop Estimates, North Carolina, 1998-2000. Agricultural Statistics Division, Field Crops. http://www.ncagr.com/stats/ crop_fld/fldannyr.htm.
    • (2001) Annual Summary: Crop Estimates, North Carolina, 1998-2000
  • 38
    • 0000799048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the dynamics of adaptation to transgenic maize by European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
    • Onstad, D. W., and F. Gould. 1998. Modeling the dynamics of adaptation to transgenic maize by European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 91: 585-593.
    • (1998) J. Econ. Entomol. , vol.91 , pp. 585-593
    • Onstad, D.W.1    Gould, F.2
  • 39
    • 0033042844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spread of resistance in spatially-extended regions of transgenic cotton: Implications for management of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
    • Peck, S. L., F. Gould, and S. P. Ellner. 1999. Spread of resistance in spatially-extended regions of transgenic cotton: implications for management of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 92: 1-16.
    • (1999) J. Econ. Entomol. , vol.92 , pp. 1-16
    • Peck, S.L.1    Gould, F.2    Ellner, S.P.3
  • 40
    • 0031413182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to Bacliilus thuringiensis Berliner in Central America
    • Perez, C. J., and A. M. Shelton. 1997. Resistance of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to Bacliilus thuringiensis Berliner in Central America. J. Econ. Entomol. 90: 87-93.
    • (1997) J. Econ. Entomol. , vol.90 , pp. 87-93
    • Perez, C.J.1    Shelton, A.M.2
  • 41
    • 0000926848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field and laboratory evaluations of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis corn on secondary lepidopteran pests (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
    • Pilcher, C. D., M. E. Rice J. J. Obrycki, and L. C. Lewis. 1997. Field and laboratory evaluations of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis corn on secondary lepidopteran pests (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 90: 669-678.
    • (1997) J. Econ. Entomol. , vol.90 , pp. 669-678
    • Pilcher, C.D.1    Rice, M.E.2    Obrycki, J.J.3    Lewis, L.C.4
  • 43
    • 0242453247 scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics of corn earworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on corn in the lower Rio Grande valley
    • Raulston, J. R., K. R. Summy, J. Loera, S. D. Pair, and A. N. Sparks. 1990. Population dynamics of corn earworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on corn in the lower Rio Grande valley. Environ. Entomol. 19: 274-280.
    • (1990) Environ. Entomol. , vol.19 , pp. 274-280
    • Raulston, J.R.1    Summy, K.R.2    Loera, J.3    Pair, S.D.4    Sparks, A.N.5
  • 44
    • 84987063388 scopus 로고
    • Designing resistance management programs: How can you choose?
    • Roush, R. T. 1989. Designing resistance management programs: how can you choose? Pestic. Sci. 26: 423-441.
    • (1989) Pestic. Sci. , vol.26 , pp. 423-441
    • Roush, R.T.1
  • 45
    • 0000086933 scopus 로고
    • Managing pests and their resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis: Can transgenic crops be better than sprays?
    • Roush, R. T. 1994. Managing pests and their resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis: can transgenic crops be better than sprays? Biocontrol Sci. Tech. 4: 501-516.
    • (1994) Biocontrol Sci. Tech. , vol.4 , pp. 501-516
    • Roush, R.T.1
  • 46
    • 0004282518 scopus 로고
    • SAS Institute, Cary, NC
    • th Edition. vol. 1 and 2. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
    • (1990) th Edition , vol.1-2
  • 47
    • 0030506803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field evaluation of transgenic corn containing a Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner insecticidal protein gene against Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
    • Sims, S. R., J. C. Pershing, and B. J. Reich. 1996. Field evaluation of transgenic corn containing a Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner insecticidal protein gene against Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Entomol. Sci. 31: 340-346.
    • (1996) J. Entomol. Sci. , vol.31 , pp. 340-346
    • Sims, S.R.1    Pershing, J.C.2    Reich, B.J.3
  • 48
    • 0012895913 scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics of Heliothis zea (Boddie) and H. virescens (F.) in North Carolina: A simulation model
    • Stinner, R. E., R. L. Rabb, and J. R. Bradley, Jr. 1974. Population dynamics of Heliothis zea (Boddie) and H. virescens (F.) in North Carolina: a simulation model. Environ. Entomol. 2: 163-168.
    • (1974) Environ. Entomol. , vol.2 , pp. 163-168
    • Stinner, R.E.1    Rabb, R.L.2    Bradley Jr., J.R.3
  • 49
    • 0242453239 scopus 로고
    • Population mortality and cyclicity as affected by intraspecific competition
    • Stinner, R. E., J. W. Jones, C. Tuttle, and R. E. Caron. 1977a. Population mortality and cyclicity as affected by intraspecific competition. Can. Entomol. 109: 879-890.
    • (1977) Can. Entomol. , vol.109 , pp. 879-890
    • Stinner, R.E.1    Jones, J.W.2    Tuttle, C.3    Caron, R.E.4
  • 50
    • 0242705800 scopus 로고
    • Natural factors operating in the population dynamics of Heliothis zea in North Carolina
    • 1976, Wash. D.C.
    • Stinner, R. E., R. L. Rabb, and J. R. Bradley, Jr. 1977b. Natural factors operating in the population dynamics of Heliothis zea in North Carolina. pp. 622-42 in Proc. XV Intl. Congr. Entomol., 1976, Wash. D.C.
    • (1977) Proc. XV Intl. Congr. Entomol. , pp. 622-642
    • Stinner, R.E.1    Rabb, R.L.2    Bradley Jr., J.R.3
  • 52
    • 0035487659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life History Traits of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on non-Bt and Bt transgenic corn hybrids in eastern North Carolina
    • Storer, N. P., J. W. Van Duyn, and G. G. Kennedy. 2001. Life History Traits of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on non-Bt and Bt transgenic corn hybrids in eastern North Carolina. J. Econ. Entomol. 94: 1268-1279.
    • (2001) J. Econ. Entomol. , vol.94 , pp. 1268-1279
    • Storer, N.P.1    Van Duyn, J.W.2    Kennedy, G.G.3
  • 53
    • 0038352102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity analysis of a spatially-explicit stochastic simulation model of the evolution of resistance in Helicoverpa zea (Leipdoptera: Noctuidae) to Bt transgenic corn and cotton
    • Storer, N. P., F. Gould, J. W. Van Duyn, and G. G. Kennedy. 2003. Sensitivity analysis of a spatially-explicit stochastic simulation model of the evolution of resistance in Helicoverpa zea (Leipdoptera: Noctuidae) to Bt transgenic corn and cotton. J. Econ. Entomol. 96: 173-187.
    • (2003) J. Econ. Entomol. , vol.96 , pp. 173-187
    • Storer, N.P.1    Gould, F.2    Van Duyn, J.W.3    Kennedy, G.G.4
  • 54
    • 0242536895 scopus 로고
    • Computer simulations as a tool for pesticide resistance management
    • National Acad. Press, Washington D.C.
    • Tabashnik, B. E. 1986. Computer simulations as a tool for pesticide resistance management, pp. 194-206. In Pesticide Resistance: Strategies and Tactics for Management. National Acad. Press, Washington D.C.
    • (1986) Pesticide Resistance: Strategies and Tactics for Management , pp. 194-206
    • Tabashnik, B.E.1
  • 55
    • 0028591354 scopus 로고
    • Evolution or resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis
    • Tabashnik, B. E. 1994. Evolution or resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 39: 47-79.
    • (1994) Annu. Rev. Entomol. , vol.39 , pp. 47-79
    • Tabashnik, B.E.1
  • 56
  • 58
    • 0000861419 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of insecticide resistance by alteration of gene dominance and migration
    • Taylor, C. E., and G. P. Georghiou. 1979. Suppression of insecticide resistance by alteration of gene dominance and migration. J. Econ. Entomol. 72: 105-109.
    • (1979) J. Econ. Entomol. , vol.72 , pp. 105-109
    • Taylor, C.E.1    Georghiou, G.P.2
  • 59
    • 0004405063 scopus 로고
    • Pest resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis: Ecological crop assessment for Bt gene incorporation and strategies of management
    • H.M.T. Hokkanen, and Lynch [eds.], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
    • Wearing, C. H., and H.M.T. Hokkanen. 1995. Pest resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis: ecological crop assessment for Bt gene incorporation and strategies of management, pp. 236-252. In H.M.T. Hokkanen, and Lynch [eds.], Biological Control: Benefits and Risks. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
    • (1995) Biological Control: Benefits and Risks , pp. 236-252
    • Wearing, C.H.1    Hokkanen, H.M.T.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.