The remnants of Younger Dryas lithalsas on the Hautes Fagnes Plateau in Belgium and elsewhere in the world

Geomorphology

Volumn 52, Issue 1-2, 2003, Pages 5-38

  Pissart, Albert ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Belgium; Ireland; Lithalsas; Palaeoclimatic reconstructions; Periglacial mounds; Wales

Indexed keywords

PALEOCLIMATE; PERIGLACIAL LANDFORM; PERMAFROST; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; YOUNGER DRYAS;

BELGIUM;

EID: 0037671342     PISSN: 0169555X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00246-5     Document Type: Article

References (126)

1. Ahman, R. (1976). The structure and morphology of minerogenic palsas in Northern Norway. Biul. Peryglac., 26 25-31.
2. Ahman, R., 1977. Palsar i Nordnorge (Summary: Palsas in Northern Norway). Meddelanden fran Lunds Universitets Geografiska Institution 78. 156 pp.
3. Åkerman, H. J., & Malmström, B. (1986). Permafrost mounds in the Abisko area, northern Sweden. Geogr. Ann., 68A(3), 155-165.
4. Allard, M., & Seguin, M. (1987). The holocene evolution of permafrost near the tree line, on the eastern coast of Hudson Bay (Northern Quebec). Can. J. Earth Sci., 24 2206-2222.
5. Allard, M., Seguin, M. K., & Lévesque, R. (1986). Palsas and mineral permafrost mounds in northern Québec. In V. Gardiner (Ed.), International Geomorphology. Part II, 285-309. Chichester: Wiley.
6. Allard, M., Caron, S., & Bégin, Y. (1996). Climatic and ecological controls on ice segregation and thermokarst: the case history of a permafrost plateau in Northern Quebec. Permafr. Periglac. Process., 7(3), 207-227.
7. An, W., & Allard, M. (1995). A mathematical approach to modelling palsa formation: insights on processes and growth conditions. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 23 231-244.
8. Ballantyne, C. K., & Harris, C. (1994). The Periglaciation of Great Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
9. Bastin, B. (1985). Etude palynologique d'une couche de tourbe mis au jour dans le rempart d'une «palse» de la Konnerzvenn. Hautes Fagnes, 179 72-73.
10. Bastin, B., Juvigné, E., Pissart, A., & Thorez, J. (1974). Etude d'une coupe dégagée à travers un rempart d'une cicatrice de pingo de la Brackvenn. Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg., 97 341-358.
11. Bik, M. J. J. (1969). The origin and age of the prairie mounds of southern Alberta, Canada. Biul. Peryglac., 19 85-130.
12. with collaboration of Bouillenne R., Bouillenne M., Defossez, S., Dubois, l'Abbé Ch., Damblon, J., & Willam, A. (1937). Les viviers du plateau de la Baraque Michel. Bull. Soc. R. Sci. Liège, 12 404-427.
13. Bout, P. (1986). Des cicatrices de pingos en Devès (Haute-Loire), France. Biul. Peryglac., 31 17-26.
14. Boyé, M. (1957). Clots, lagües et lagunes de la lande girondine. C.R. Séances Acad. Sci., 244 1058-1060.
15. Boyé, M. (1958). Les lagunes du plateau Llandais. Biul. Peryglac., 6 195-335.
16. Brown, R. J. E. (1973). Ground ice as an initiator of landforms in permafrost regions. Proc. 3rd Guelph Symp. Geomorphology, Research in Polar and Alpine Geomorphology, 25-42.
17. Brown J., Ferrians J.O. Jr., Heginbottom J.A., Melnikov E.S. Circum-arctic Map of Permafrost and Ground-ice Conditions (Scale 1:10,000,000) Circum-Pacific Map Series CP-45, US Geol. Survey (production) 1997
18. Bryant, R. H., & Carpenter, C. P. (1987). Ramparted ground ice depressions in Britain and Ireland. In J. Boardman (Ed.), Peroglacial Processes and Landforms in Britain and Ireland, 183-190. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
19. Burn, C. R. (1988). The development of near-surface ground ice during the Holocene at sites near Mayo, Yukon Territory, Canada. J. Quat. Sci., 3(1), 31-38.
20. Cailleux, A. (1956). Mares, mardelles et pingos. C.R. Séances Acad. Sci., 242 1912-1914.
21. Cailleux, A. (1960). Sur les mares et lacs ronds des plaines aujourd'hui tempérées. Rev. Géomorphol. Dyn., 11 28-29.
22. Cailleux, A. (1960). Les pingos quaternaires de France. Rev. Géogr. Montr., 30 374-379.
23. Carpenter, C. P., & Woodcock, M. P. (1981). A detailed investigation on a pingo remnant in Western Surrey. Quat. Stud., 1 1-26.
24. Cleveringa, P., De Gans, W., Kolstrup, E., & Paris, F. P. (1977). Vegetational and climatic developments during the Late Glacial and the early Holocene and eolian sedimentation as recorded in the Uteringsveen (Drente, The Netherlands). Geol. Mijnb., 56(3), 234-242.
25. Coxon, P. (1986). A radiocarbon dated early post glacial pollen diagram from a pingo remnant near Millstreet, County Cork. Irish J. Earth Sci., 8 9-20.
26. Coxon, P., & O'Callaghan, P. (1987). The distribution and age of pingo remnants in Ireland. In J. Boardman (Ed.), Periglacial Processes and Landforms in Britain and Ireland, 195-202. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
27. De Gans, W. (1976). Dobben in het Drents Plateau. K. Ned. Aardrijskundig Genoot., 5 354-364.
28. De Gans, W., 1981. The Drentsche Aa valley system. A study of quaternary geology. Academisch Proefschrift ter Verkrijging van de Graad van Doctor in De wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappen aan de Vrije Universiteit te Amsterdam. Edit. Rodopi, Amsterdam. 132 pp.
29. De Gans, W. (1988). Pingo scars and their identification. In M. J. Clark (Ed.), Advances in Periglacial Geomorphology, 299-322. Chichester: Wiley.
30. De Gans, W., Cleveringa, P., Gonggrijp, G.P., 1984. Een ontsluiting in de wal van een pingoruine nabij papenvoort (DR.) RIN-rapport. Rijksinstituut voor Natuurbeheer Arnhem, Leersum en Texel. 53 pp.
31. Dever, L., Hillaire-Marcel, C., & Fontes, J. C. (1984). Composition isotopique, géochimie et genèse de la glace en lentilles (palsen) dans les tourbières du Nouveau-Québec (Canada). J. Hydrol., 71 107-130.
32. Dionne, J. C. (1978). Formes et phénomènes périglaciaires en Jamésie, Québec subarctique. Géogr. Phys. Quat., 32(3), 187-247.
33. Dylik, J. (1964). L'étude de la dynamique des dépressions fermées à Jozéfow aux environs de Lodz. Rev. Géomorphol. Dyn., 15(10), 14.
34. Evseev, V. P. (1973). Domed-hummocky peatbogs of the northern taïga in Western Siberia. Biul. Peryglac., 22 271-283.
35. Flemal, R. C. (1976). Pingos and pingo scars. Their characteristics, distribution and utility in reconstructing former permafrost environments. Quat. Res., 6 37-53.
36. Flemal, R. C., Hinkley, K. C., & Hesler, J. L. (1973). DeKalb mounds: a possible pleistocene (Woodfordian) pingo field in north-central Illinois. In R. F. Black, R. P. Goldwait, & H. B. Willman (Eds.), The Wisconsinan Stage, Geol. Soc. Amer., Memoir, vol. 136 229-250.
37. Florschutz, F., & Van Oye, E. (1938). Over de ouderdomsbepaling van het "vijvers" op het Plateau van het belgisch Hoogveen. Tijdschr. K. Acad. Aardrijskundige Genoot., 55 454-461.
38. Florschütz, F., & Van Oye, E. (1939). Recherches analytiques de pollen dans la région des Hautes Fagnes (Belgique). Biologisch Jaarboek Dodonaea, 6 227-233.
39. Forsgren, B. (1968). Studies on palsas in Finland, Norway and Sweden, 1964-1966. Biul. Peryglac., 17 117-123.
40. Fortier, R., Lévesque, R., Seguin, M. K., & Allard, M. (1991). Caractérisation du pergélisol de buttes cryogènes à l'aide de diagraphies électriques au Nunavik, Québec. Permafr. Periglac. Process., 2 79-93.
41. Frazer, J. K. (1956). Physiographic notes on features in the Mackenzie delta area. Géogr. Can., 8 18-23.
42. Gurney, S. D. (1995). A reassessment of the relict pleistocene "pingos" of west Wales: hydraulic pingos or mineral palsas?. Quat. Newsl., 77 6-16.
43. Hajdas, I., Ivy-ochs, S., Bonani, G., Lotter, A., Zolitschka, B., & Schlüchter, C. (1995). Radiocarbon age of the Laacher See tephra: 11230±40 BP. Radiocarbon, 37(2), 149-154.
44. Handa, S., & Moore, P. D. (1976). Studies in the vegetational history of Mid Wales: IV. Pollen analyses of some pingos basins. New Phytol., 77 205-225.
45. Harris, S. H. (1993). Palsa-like mounds developed in a mineral substrate, Fox Lake, Yukon territory. Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Permafrost, Beijing, China, vol. 1 238-243.
46. Hirakawa, K. (1986). Development of a palsa bog in central highland, Iceland. Geogr. Rep. Tokyo Metropol. Univ., 21 111-122.
47. Holmes, G. E., Hopkins, D. M., & Foster, H. L. (1968). Pingos in central Alaska. U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull., 1241-H H1-H40.
48. Hughes, O. L. (1969). Distribution of open-system pingos in Central Yukon Territory with respect to glacial limits. Geol. Surv. Can., Pap., 69-34
49. Hutchinson, J. N. (1980). Possible late Quaternary pingo remnants in central London. Nature, 184 253-255.
50. Hutchinson, J. N. (1991). Periglacial and slope processes. In A. Forster, M. G. Culshaw, J. C. Cripps, J. A. Little, & C. F. Moon (Eds.), Quaternary Engineering Geology, London, Geological Society, Engineering Geology, Spec. Publ. 7, 283-331.
51. Isarin, R. F. B. (1997). The Climate in North-western Europe During the Younger Dryas. A Comparison of Multi-proxy Climate Reconstructions with Simulation Experiments. Utrecht: Drukkerij Elinkwijk.
52. Isarin, R. F. B. (1997). Permafrost distribution and temperature in Europe during the Younger Dryas. Permafr. Periglac. Process., 8(3), 313-333.
53. Isarin, R. F. B. & Bohncke, S. P. J. (1999). Mean July temperatures during the Younger Dryas in Northwestern and Central Europe as inferred from climate indicator plant species. Quat. Res., 51 158-173.
54. Iversen, J. (1944). Viscum, Hedera and Ilex as climate indicators. Geol. Fören. Stockh. Förh., 66 463-483.
55. Joosten, J. H. J. (1988). Het Groote Peel-landschap: samenhangen in verscheidenheid. Natuurhist. Maanbl., 77 146-151.
56. Joosten, J.H.J., Bakker, T.W.M., 1987. De groote Peel in Verleden, Heden en Toekomst, Rapport 88-4 Staatsbosbeheer, Utrecht. 291 pp.
57. Kasse, K., & Bohncke, S. (1992). Weichselian Upper Pleniglacial aeolian ice-cored morphology in the southern Netherlands (Noord-Brabant, Groote Peel). Permafr. Periglac. Process., 3 327-342.
58. Lagarec, D. (1973). Eléments de la morphologie cryogène du Golfe de Richmond, Nouveau Québec. Cahiers Géogr. Québec, 17 465-482.
59. Lagarec, D. (1976). Etude géomorphologique de palses dans la région de Fort Chimo, Nouveau Québec, Canada. Cahiers Géol., 92 153-163.
60. Lagarec, D. (1982). Cryogenetic mounds as indicators of permafrost condition, northern Quebec. In H. M. French (Ed.), The Roger J.E. Brown Memorial Volume, Proc. 4th Can. Permafrost Conf., Calgary, Alberta, March 2-6, 1981, Ottawa, National Research Council of Canada, 43-48.
61. Lagerbach, R., & Rohde, L. (1985). Pingos in northernmost Sweden. Geogr. Ann., 67A(3-4), 239-245.
62. Lavoie, C., & Payette, S. (1994). Recent fluctuations of the lichen-spruce forest limit in Subarctic Quebec. J. Ecol., 82 725-734.
63. Lundqvist, G. (1953). Tillägg till palsfragan. Geol. Fören. Förhandl., 73 149-154.
64. Mackay, J. R. (1998). Pingo growth and collapse, Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula area, Western arctic coast, Canada: a long term field study. Géogr. Phys. Quat., 52(3), 271-323.
65. Maarleveld, G. C., & Van der Toorn, J. C. (1955). Pseudo-sölle in Noord-Nederland. Tijdscr. K. Ned. Aardrijskundig Genoot., 72(4), 344-360.
66. Marsh, B. (1987). Pleistocene pingo scars in Pennsylvania. Geology, 15 945-947.
67. Marsh, B., 1992. Central appalachian periglacial geomorphology. A field Excursion Guidebook. PennState, College of Agriculture, Agronomy Series 120, 128-131.
68. Marsh, B. (1998). Wind-transverse corrugations in Pleistocene periglacial landscapes in central Pennsylvania. Quat. Res., 49 149-156.
69. Matthews, J. A., Dahl, S. -O, Berrisford, M. S., & Nesje, A. (1997). Cyclic development and thermokarstic degradation of palsas in the mid-Alpine zone at Leirpullan, Doveefjell, Southern Norway. Permafr. Periglac. Process., 8 107-122.
70. Meier, K. -D (1987). Studien zur periglaziären Landshaftsformung in Finmark (Nordnorwegen). Jahrbuch des Geographischen Gesellschaft zu Hannover, vol. 13 Sonderheft
71. Mitchell, G. F. (1971). Fossil pingos in the south of Ireland. Nature, 230 43-44.
72. Mitchell, G. F. (1973). Fossil pingos in Camaross Townland, Wexford. Irish R. Acad. Proc., Sect B, 73 269-283.
73. Mückenhausen, E. (1960). Eine besondere Art von Pingos am Hohen Venn/Eifel. Eiszeitalter Ggw., 11 5-11.
74. Mückenhausen, E., Schegiewal, A. D., & Schröder, D. (1976). Fossile Pingos und fossile Pingo-änhnliche Gebilde (Hohlformen). Z.F. Kulturtech. Flurbereinig., 17 207-220.
75. Mullenders, W., & Gullentops, F. (1969). The age of the pingos of Belgium. In T. L. Péwé (Ed.), The Periglacial Environment, Past and Present, 321-335. Montreal: McGill Queen's Univ. Press.
76. Nossin, J. J. (1961). De reliefontwikkeling in Zuidoostelijk Friesland. Boven Boornegebied. Waldrige 9, vol. 178 48-70.
77. Paris, F. P., Cleveringa, P., & De Gans, W. (1979). The Stokersdobbe: geology and palynology of a deep pingo remnant in Friesland (The Netherlands). Geol. Mijnb., 58(1), 33-38.
78. Payette, S., & Filion, L. (1993). Origin and significance of subarctic patchy podzolic soils and paleosols. Arct. Alp. Res., 25(4), 267-276.
79. Payette, S., Samson, H., & Lagarec, D. (1976). The evolution of permafrost in the täga and in the forest-tundra, western Quebec-Labrador Peninsula. J. Can. Rech. For., 6(2), 203-220.
80. Picard, K. (1961). Reste von Pingos bei Hunsum/Nordsee. Schr. Naturwiss. Ver. Schleswig-Holstein, 32 72-77.
81. Pissart, A. (1956). L'origine périglaciaire des viviers des Hautes Fagnes. Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg., 79 119-131.
82. Pissart, A. (1958). Les dépressions fermées de la région parisienne. Le problème de leur origine. Rev. Géomorphol. Dyn., 9(5-6), 73-83.
83. Pissart, A. (1963). Les traces de "pingos" du Pays de Galles (Grande Bretagne) et du Plateau des Hautes Fagnes (Belgique). Z. Geomorphol., 7(2), 147-165.
84. Pissart, A. (1965). Les pingos des hautes Fagnes: les problèmes de leur genèse. Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg., 88 277-289.
85. Pissart, A. (1967). Les pingos de l'̂le Prince Patrick (76°N-120°W). Geogr. Bull., 9(3), 189-217.
86. Pissart, A. (1974). Les viviers des Hautes Fagnes sont des traces de buttes périglaciaires, mais s'agissait-il vraiment de pingos?. Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg., 97 359-381.
87. Pissart, A. (1976). Les dépôts et la morphologie périglaciaires de la Belgique. In A. Pissart (Ed.), Géomorphologie de la Belgique. Hommage au professeur P. Macar, 115-135. : Laboratoire de Géologie et de Géographie Physique, Université de Liège.
88. Pissart, A. (1983). Remnants of periglacial mounds in the Hautes Fagnes (Belgium). Structure and age of the ramparts. Geol. Mijnb., 62 551-555.
89. Pissart, A. (2000). Remnants of lithalsas of the Hautes Fagnes, Belgium: a summary of present-day knowledge. Permafr. Periglac. Process., 11(4), 327-335.
90. Pissart, A. (2002). Palsas, lithalsas and remnants of these periglacial mounds. A progress report. Progr. Phys. Geogr.,
91. Pissart, A., & Gangloff, P. (1984). Les palses minérales et organiques de la vallée de l'Aveneau, près de Kuujjuaq, Québec subarctique. Géogr. Phys. Quat., 38(3), 217-228.
92. Pissart, A., & Juvigné, E. (1980). Genèse et âge d'une trace de butte périglaciaire (pingo ou palse) de la Konnerzvenn (Hautes Fagnes, Belgique). Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg., 103 73-86.
93. Pissart, A., Juvigné, E., Woillard, G., & Thorez, J. (1972). Les cicatrices de pingos de le Brackvenn (Hautes Fagnes). Compte rendu de l'excursion du 3 juillet 1971. Les Congrès et Colloques de l'Université de Liège, 67 281-294.
94. Pissart, A., Bastin, B., & Juvigné, E. (1975). L'origine des viviers des Hautes Fagnes: traces de pingos ou de palses?. Hautes Fagnes, 1 9-38.
95. Pissart, A., Harris, S., Prick, A., & Van Vliet-Lanoë, B. (1998). La signification paléoclimatique des lithalses (palses minérales). Biul. Peryglac., 37 141-154.
96. Rapp, A., & Rudberg, D. (1960). Recent periglacial phenomena in Sweden. Biul. Peryglac., 8 143-154.
97. Rousset, C. (1964). Sur l'origine périglaciaire des petits lacs du Massif d'Aubrac. Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 7(série 6), 375-380.
98. Rutkowski, J., Krol, K., & Lemberger, M. (1998). The pingo remnant in the Suwalki Lake region (NE Poland). Quat. Stud. Poland, 15 55-60.
99. Ruuhijärvi, R. (1960). Uber die regionale Einteilung der nord-finnischen Moore. Ann. Botan. Soc. "Vanamo", 31(1),
100. Seppälä, M. (1972). Pingo-like remnants in the Peltojarvi area of Finnish Lapland. Geogr. Ann., 54A 38-45.
101. Seppälä, M. (1986). The origin of palsas. Geogr. Ann., 68A(3), 141-147.
102. Seppälä, M. (1988). Palsas and related forms. In M. J. Clark (Ed.), Advances in Periglacial Geomorphology, 247-278. Chichester: Wiley.
103. Seppälä, M. (1994). Snow depth controls palsa growth. Permafr. Periglac. Process., 5(4), 283-288.
104. Slotboom, R. T. (1963). Comparative geomorphological and palynological investigations of the pingos (viviers) in the Hautes Fagnes (Belgium) and the mardellen in the Gutland (Luxembourg). Z. Geomorphol., 7 194-231.
105. Sparks, B. W., Williams, R. B. G. & Bell, F. G. (1972). Presumed ground ice depressions in East Anglia. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. A, 327 329-343.
106. Svensson, H. (1964). Traces of pingo-like frost mounds. Svensk Geogr. Arsbok, 40 93-106.
107. Svensson, H. (1969). A type of circular lakes in northernmost Norway. Geogr. Ann., 51A 1-12.
108. Trotman, D. M. (1963). Peat deposits within a pingo near Llangurig, Wales. Z. Geomorphol., 7(2), 168-171.
109. Van den Munckhof, P., 1988. De Ontstaangeschiedenis van de Groote Peel. Rapport 88-34, Staatsbosbeheer, Utrecht, 134 pp.
110. Van der Hammen, Th . (1953). Late glacial flora and periglacial phenomena in the Netherlands. Leidse Geol. Meded., 17 71-184.
111. Van der Meulen, S. (1988). The spatial facies of a group of pingo remnants on the southeast Frisian till plateau (the Netherland). Geol. Mijnb., 67 37-61.
112. e Biologisch Jaarboek 307-315.
113. Warren, W. P. (1987). Periglacial periods in Ireland. In J. Boardman (Ed.), Periglacial Processes and Landforms in Britain and Ireland, 101-111. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
114. Washburn, A. L. (1983). What is a palsa?. In H. Poser, & E. Schunke (Eds.), Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse, Dritte Folge. Mesofirmen des Reliefs im Heutingen Periglazialraum, vol. 35 34-47.
115. Watson, E. (1971). Remnants of pingos in Wales and the Isle of Man. Geol. J., 7 381-392.
116. Watson, E. (1972). Pingos of Cardiganshire and the Latest Ice limit. Nature, 236 343-344.
117. Watson, E. (1977). The periglacial environment of Great Britain during the Devensian. R. Soc. London Philos. Trans. B, 280 183-198.
118. Watson, E., & Watson, S. (1972). Investigation of some pingo basins near Aberystwyth, Wales. Proc. 24th Int. Geol. Congr., Montreal, Section, vol. 12 212-223.
119. Watson, E., & Watson, S. (1974). Remains of pingos in the Cletwr Basin, Southwest Wales. Geogr. Ann., 56A(3-4), 213-225.
120. Wiegand, G. (1965). Fossile Pingos in Mitteleuropa. Würzburger Geogr. Arb., 16
121. Woillard, G. (1975). Recherches palynologiques sur le Pléistocène dans l'Est de la Belgique et dans les Vosges lorraines. Acta Geogr. Lovaniensia, 14 118.
122. Worsley, P., Gurney, S. D., & Collins, P. E. F. (1995). Late Holocene mineral "palsas" and associated vegetation pattern: a case study from Lac Hendry, Northern Québec, Canada and significance for European Pleistocene thermokarst. Quat. Sci. Rev., 14 172-179.
123. Wramner, P. (1967). Studier av palsmyrar i Laivadalen, Lappland. Teknik Natur, Göteborg, 435-449.
124. Wramner, P., 1972. Palslika bildningar i mineraljord. Nagra iakttagelser fran Taavavuoma, Lappland (Summary: Palsa-like formation in mineral soil. Some observations from Taavavuoma, Swedish Lapland). Göteborgs Universitet Naturgeografiska Institutionen, Guni Rapport 1. 60 pp.
125. Wramner, P., 1973. Palsmyrar i Taavavuoma, Lappland (Summary: Palsa bogs in Taavavuoma, Swedish Lapland). Göteborg Universitets Naturgeografiska Institutionen, Guni Rapport 3. 140 pp.
126. Zoltä, S. C., & Tarnocä, C. (1971). Properties of a wooded palsa in northern Manitoba. Arct. Alp. Res., 3(2), 115-129.