Circulation of the spinal cord: An important consideration for thoracic surgeons

Annals of Thoracic Surgery

Volumn 76, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 315-321

  Shamji, Mohammed F ^b   Maziak, Donna E ^a   Shamji, Farid M ^b   Ginsberg, Robert J ^b   Pon, Ron ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

WATER;

CANCER INVASION; CARTILAGE TUMOR; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; ESOPHAGUS ACHALASIA; ESOPHAGUS MYOTOMY; EVOKED RESPONSE; HUMAN; INTRAOPERATIVE PERIOD; LUNG CARCINOMA; LUNG METASTASIS; LUNG SURGERY; MEDICAL SPECIALIST; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; PARAPLEGIA; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SPINAL ANGIOGRAPHY; SPINAL CORD BLOOD FLOW; THORACIC AORTA; THORACOTOMY; THORAX SURGERY; THORAX WALL; WATERSHED;

ADULT; AGED; ANGIOGRAPHY; AORTA, THORACIC; FEMALE; HUMANS; IATROGENIC DISEASE; INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; LUNG NEOPLASMS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROGNOSIS; REGIONAL BLOOD FLOW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SAMPLING STUDIES; SPINAL CORD; SPINAL CORD ISCHEMIA; THORACIC SURGERY; THORACIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; THORACOTOMY; VASCULAR NEOPLASMS;

EID: 0037662125     PISSN: 00034975     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00139-5     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. Laschinger JC, Izumoto H, Kouchoukos NT. Evolving concepts in prevention of spinal cord injury during operations on the descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta. Ann Thorac Surg 1987;44:667-74.
2. Patersnak BM, Boyd DP, Ellis FH. Spinal cord ischemia after procedures on the aorta. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1972;135:29-34.
3. Brewer LA, Fosburg RG, Mulder GA, Verska JJ. Spinal cord complications following surgery for coarctation of the aorta. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1972;64:368-80.
4. Griepp RB, Ergin MA, Galla JD, et al. Looking for the artery of Adamkiewicz: a quest to minimize paraplegia after operations for aneurysms of the descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1996;112:1202-15.
5. Djurberg H, Haddad M. Anterior spinal artery syndrome: paraplegia following segmental ischaemic injury to the spinal cord after oesophagectomy. Anaesthesia 1995;50:345-8.
6. Attar S, Hankins RJ, Turney ZP, Kreasna JM, McLaughlin SG. Paraplegia after thoracotomy: report of five cases and review of the literature. Ann Thorac Surg 1995;59:1410-6.
7. Cambria RP, Davison JK, Carter C, et al. Epidural cooling for spinal cord protection during thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair: a five-year experience. J Vasc Surg 2000;31:1093-102.
8. Svensson LG, Klepp P, Hinder RA. Spinal cord anatomy of the baboon - comparison with man and implications for spinal cord blood flow during thoracic aortic cross-clamping. S Afr J Surg 1986;24:32-4.
9. Sliwa JA, Maclean IC. Ischemic myelopathy: a review of spinal vasculature and related clinical syndromes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992;73:365-72.
10. Lazorthes G, Gouaze A, Zadeh JO, et al. Arterial vascularization of the spinal cord: recent studies of anastomotic substitution pathways. J Neurosurg 1971;35:253-62.
11. Cheshire WP, Santos CC, Massey EW, Howard JF. Spinal cord infarction: etiology and outcome. Neurology 1996;47:321-30.
12. Gharagozloo F, Larson J, Dausmann MJ, Neville RF Jr., Gomes MN. Spinal cord protection during surgical procedures on the descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta: review of current techniques. Chest 1996;109:799-809.
13. Biglioli P, Spirito R, Roberto M, et al. The anterior spinal artery. The main arterial supply of the human spinal cord - a preliminary anatomic study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;119:376-9.
14. Domisse GF. The blood supply of the spinal cord: a critical vascular zone in spinal surgery. J Bone Joint Surg 1974;56B:225-35.
15. Moore KL, Persaud TVN. The developing human: clinically oriented embryology. 6th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1998.
16. Svensson LG, Rickards E, Coull A, et al. Relationship of spinal cord blood flow to vascular anatomy during thoracic aortic cross-clamping, and shunting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1986;91:71-8.
17. Alleyne CH, Cawley CM, Shengelaia GG, Barrow DL. Microsurgical anatomy of the artery of Adamkiewicz and its segmental artery. J Neurosurg 1998;89:791-5.
18. Gillilan LA. Veins of the spinal cord: anatomic details, suggested clinical applications. Neurology 1970;20:860-8.
19. Heller SL, Meyer RJ, Russell EJ. Spinal cord venous infarction following endoscopic sclerotherapy for esophageal varices. Neurology 1996;47:1081-5.
20. Szilagyi DE, Hageman JH, Smith RF, Elliott JP. Spinal cord damage in surgery of the abdominal aorta. Surgery 1978;83:38-56.
21. Koning HM, Koster HG, Niemeijer RP. Ischaemic spinal cord lesion following percutaneous radiofrequency spinal rhizotomy. Pain 1991;45:161-6.
22. Short DH. Paraplegia associated with the use of oxidized cellulose in posterolateral thoracotomy incisions. Ann Thorac Surg 1990;50:288-90.
23. Kim RC, Smith HR, Henbest ML, Choi BH. Nonhemorrhagic venous infarction of the spinal cord. Ann Neurol 1984;15:379-85.
24. Hughes JT. Venous infarction of the spinal cord. Neurology 1971;21:794-800.
25. Giebler RM, Scherer RU, Peters J. Incidence of neurologic complications related to thoracic epidural catheterization. Anesthesiology 1997;86:55-63.
26. Foo D, Rossier AB. Anterior spinal artery syndrome and its natural history. Paraplegia 1983;21:1-10.
27. Wagner R, Jagoda A. Spinal cord syndromes. Emerg Med Clin North Am 1997;15:699-711.
28. Low PA, Dyck PJ. Pathologic studies and the nerve biopsy in autonomic neuropathies. In: Low PA, ed. Clinical autonomic disorders. Boston: Little Brown, 1993:331-4.
29. Kaplan SA, Chancellor MB, Blavas JG. Bladder and sphincter behavior in patients with spinal cord lesions. J Urol 1991;146:113-7.
30. Yuh WTC, Marsh EE, Wang AK, et al. MR imaging of spinal cord, and vertebral body infarction. Am J Neuroradiol 1992;13:145-54.
31. Yamada N, Okita Y, Minatoya K, et al. Preoperative demonstration of the Adamkiewicz artery by magnetic resonance angiography in patients with descending or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2000;18:104-11.
32. Acher CW, Wynn MM, Hoch JA, Kranner PW. Cardiac function is a risk factor for paralysis in thoracoabdominal aortic replacement. J Vasc Surg 1998;27:821-30.
33. Biglioli P, Spirito R, Poqueddu M, et al. Quick, simple clamping technique in descending thoracic aortic aneurysm repair. Ann Thorac Surg 1999;67:1038-43.
34. Mineo TC, Cristino B, Ambrogi V. Paraplegia after surgery of the thoracic esophagus. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998;116:653.
35. Grillo GC. Combined approach to "dumbell" intrathoracic and intraspinal neurogenic tumors. Ann Thorac Surg 1983;36:402-7.
36. Cunningham JN, Laschinger JC, Merkin HA, et al. Measurement of spinal cord ischemia during operations on the thoracic aorta: initial clinical experience. Ann Surg 1982;196:285-96.
37. de Haan P, Kalkman CJ. Spinal cord monitoring: somatosensory- and motor-evoked potentials. Anesthesiol Clin North Am 2001;19:923-45.
38. Nuwer MR, Dawson EG, Carlson LG, et al. Somatosensory evoked potential spinal cod monitoring reduces neurologic deficits after scoliosis surgery: results of a large multicenter survey. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1995;96:6.
39. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Grubb R, et al. The clinical application of neurogenic motor evoked potentials to monitor spinal cord function during surgery. Spine 1991;16(suppl):S385.
40. Hagerdal M, Harp J, Nilsson L, et al. The effect of induced hypothermia on oxygen consumption in the rat brain. J Neurochem 1975;24:311.
41. Robertazzi RR, Cunningham JN. Intraoperative adjuncts of spinal cord protection. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998;10:29-34.
42. Drummond JC, Moore SS. The influence of dextrose administration on neurologic outcome after temporary spinal cord ischemia in the rabbit. Anesthesiology 1989;70:64-70.
43. Katz NM, Blackstone EH, Kirklin JW, et al. Incremental risk factors for spinal cord injury following operation for acute traumatic aortic transection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1981;81:669-74.
44. Acher CW, Wynn MM, Hoch JR, et al. Combined use of cerebrospinal fluid, and naloxone reduces the risk of paraplegia in thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 1994;19:236-46.
45. Weaver CE Jr., Marek P, Park-Chung M, Tam SW, Far DH. Neuroprotective activity of a new class of steroidal inhibitors of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997;94:10450-4.
46. Laschinger JC, Cunningham JN, Cooper MM, et al. Prevention of ischemic spinal cord injury following aortic-cross-clamping: use of corticosteroids. Ann Thorac Surg 1984;38:500-6.
47. Braughler JM, Pregenzer JF, Chase RL. Novel aminosteroids as potent inhibitors of iron dependent lipid peroxidation. J Biol Chem 1987;262:10438-40.
48. Schittek A, Bennink GB, Cooley DA, et al. Spinal cord protection with intravenous nimodipine: a functional and morphologic evaluation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992;104:1100-5.
49. Lyden PD, Zivin JA, Kochler A, et al. Effects of calcium channel blockers on neurologic outcome after focal ischemia in rabbits. Stroke 1988;19:1020-6.
50. Giulian D, Robertson C. Inhibition of mononuclear phagocytes reduces ischemic injury in the spinal cord. Ann Neurol 1990;27:33-42.
51. Clark WM, Madden KP, Rothlein R, et al. Reduction of central nervous system ischemic injury in rabbits using leukocyte adhesion antibody treatment. Stroke 1991;22:877-83.
52. Rudolphi KA, Schubert P, Parkinson FE, et al. Neuroprotective role of adenosine in cerebral ischemia. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1992;13:439-45.
53. Svensson LG, Von Ritter CM, Groeneveld HT, et al. Cross-clamping of the thoracic aorta: influence of aortic shunts, papaverine, calcium channel blockers, allopurinol and superoxide dismutase on spinal cord blood flow and paraplegia in baboons. Ann Surg 1986;204:38-47.