Motivated processing of Black and White targets: The situation of choice versus assignment

Basic and Applied Social Psychology

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 125-144

  Kernahan, Cyndi ^b   Ann Bettencourt, B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN RIVER FALLS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0037648843     PISSN: 01973533     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1207/S15324834BASP2402_5     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Berscheid, E., Graziano, W., Monson, T., & Dermer, M. (1976). Outcome dependency: Attention, attribution, and attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 978-989.
2. Brehm, J. W. (1956). Post-decision changes in desirability of alternatives. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 52, 384-389.
3. Brewer, M. B. (1979). In-group bias in the minimal intergroup situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 307-324.
4. Brewer, M. B., & Miller, N. (1984). Beyond the contact hypothesis: Theoretical perspectives on desegregation. In N. Miller & M. B. Brewer (Eds.), Groups in contact: The psychology of desegregation (pp. 281-302). San Diego, CA: Academic.
5. Britt, T. W., Boniecki, K. A., Vescio, T. K., Biernat, M., & Brown, L. M. (1996). Intergroup anxiety: A person × situation approach. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 1177-1188.
6. Cedrus Corporation. (1991). SuperLab (Version 1.4) [Computer software]. Phoenix, AZ: Author.
7. Copeland, J. T. (1994). Prophecies of power: Motivational implications of social power for behavioral confirmation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 264-277.
8. Darley, H. M., & Berscheid, E. (1967). Increased liking as a result of anticipated personal contact. Human Relations, 20, 29-40.
9. Devine, P. G., Evett, S. R., & Vasquez-Suson, K. A. (1996). Exploring the interpersonal dynamics of intergroup contact. In R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition, Vol. 3: The interpersonal context, (pp. 423-464). New York: Guilford.
10. Ditto, P. H., & Lopez, D. F. (1992). Motivated skepticism: Use of differential decision criteria for preferred and nonpreferred conclusions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 568-584.
11. Erber, R., & Fiske, S. T. (1984). Outcome dependency and attention to inconsistent information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 709-726.
12. Fazio, R. H. (1990). A practical guide to the use of response latency in social psychological research. In C. Hendrick & M. S. Clark (Eds.), Research methods in personality and social psychology: Review of personality and social psychology, 11 (pp. 74-97). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
13. Festinger, L., Riecken, H. W., & Schachter, S. (1956). When prophecy fails. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minneapolis Press.
14. Fischer, D. G., & Pick, C. (1993). Measuring social desirability: Short forms of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 3, 417-424.
15. Fiske, S. T., & Neuberg, S. L. (1990). A continuum of impression formation, from category-based to individuating processes: Influences of information and motivation on attention and interpretation. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 23 (pp. 1-74). San Diego, CA: Academic.
16. Gaertner, S. L., & Dovidio, J. F. (1986). The aversive form of racism. In J. F. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination, and racism (pp. 61-89). Orlando, FL: Academic.
17. Goodwin, S. A., & Fiske, S. T. (1995). Power and motivated impression formation: How powerholders stereotype by default and design. Manuscript submitted for publication.
18. Gump, B. B., & Kulik, J. A. (1995). The effect of a model's HIV status on self-protective similarity bias. Personality and Psychology Bulletin, 21, 827-833.
19. Hamilton, D. L., & Zanna, M. P. (1972). Differential weighting of favorable and unfavorable attributes in impressions of personality. Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 6, 204-212.
20. Holton, B., & Pyszczynski, T. (1989). Biased information search in the interpersonal domain. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 15, 42-51.
21. Johnsen, B. H., Thayer, J. F., Laberg, J. C., & Asbjornsen, A. E. (1997). Attentional bias in active smokers, abstinent smokers, and nonsmokers. Addictive Behaviors, 22, 1-7.
22. Katz, I., & Hass, R. G. (1988). Racial ambivalence and American value conflict: Correlational and priming studies of dual cognitive structures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 893-905.
23. Klein, W. M., & Kunda, Z. (1992). Motivated person perception: Constructing justifications for desired beliefs. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28, 145-168.
24. Kunda, Z. (1987). Motivated inference: Self-serving generation and evaluation of causal theories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 636-647.
25. Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 480-498.
26. Linder, D. E., Cooper, J., & Jones, E. E. (1967). Decision freedom as a determinant of the role of incentive magnitude in attitude change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 6, 245-254.
27. Neuberg, S. L., & Fiske, S. T. (1987). Motivational influences on impression formation: Outcome dependency, accuracy-driven attention, and individuating processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 431-444.
28. Pendry, L. F., & Macrae, C. N. (1994). Stereotypes and mental life: The case of the motivated but thwarted tactician. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 303-325.
29. Powell, D. C. (1992). Statistical methods for psychology (3rd ed.). Boston: PWS-Kent.
30. Pyszczynski, T., & Greenberg, J. (1987). Toward an integration of cognitive and motivational perspectives on social inference: A biased hypothesis-testing model. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 20 (pp. 297-340). New York: Academic.
31. Ruscher, J. B., & Hammer, E. Y. (1996). Choosing to sever or maintain association induces biased impression formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 701-712.
32. Sanitioso, R., Freud, K., & Lee, J. (1996). The influence of self-related goals on the use of stereotypical and individuating information. European Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 751-761.
33. Schaller, M. (1992). In-group favoritism and statistical reasoning in social inference: Implications for formation and maintenance of group stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 61-74.
34. Schwartz, N., Frey, D., & Kumpf, M. (1980). Interactive effects of writing and reading a persuasive essay on attitude change and selective exposure. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16, 1-17.
35. Seta, J. J., & Seta, C. E. (1993). Stereotypes and the generation of compensatory and noncompensatory expectancies of group members. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 722-731.
36. Siegal, S., & Castellan, N. J., Jr. (1988). Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
37. Stephan, W. G., & Stephan, C. W. (1985). Intergroup anxiety. Journal of Social Issues, 41(3), 157-175.
38. Trope, Y., & Thompson, E. P. (1997). Looking for truth in all the wrong places? Asymmetric search of individuating information about stereotyped group members. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 229-241.
39. Wilder, D. A., & Shapiro, P. N. (1989). Role of competition-induced anxiety in limiting the beneficial impact of positive behavior by an out-group member. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 60-69.