메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 57, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 1343-1358

Arboreality and morphological evolution in ground beetles (Carabidae: Harpalinae): Testing the taxon pulse model

Author keywords

Ancestral state reconstruction; Correlated character evolution; Habitat specialization; Independent contrasts; Maximum likelihood; Niche shift; Phylogenetic uncertainty

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; ARBOREAL SPECIES; BEETLE; EVOLUTION; MORPHOLOGY; PHYLOGENETICS;

EID: 0037626722     PISSN: 00143820     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00342.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (25)

References (78)
  • 2
    • 0005242648 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relations and biogeography of the genera of Pseudomorphinae (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
    • K. Desender, M. Dufrêne, M. Loreau, M. L. Luff, and J.-P. Maelfait, eds., Louvain, Belgium, September 1-4, 1992. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
    • Baehr, M. 1994. Phylogenetic relations and biogeography of the genera of Pseudomorphinae (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Pp. 11-17 in K. Desender, M. Dufrêne, M. Loreau, M. L. Luff, and J.-P. Maelfait, eds. Carabid beetles: ecology and evolution: eigth European Carabidologists' meeting, Louvain, Belgium, September 1-4, 1992. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
    • (1994) Carabid Beetles: Ecology and Evolution: Eigth European Carabidologists' Meeting , pp. 11-17
    • Baehr, M.1
  • 3
    • 0002814265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary survey of the classification of Psydrini (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
    • G. E. Ball, A. Casale, and A. V. Taglianti, eds. Phylogeny and classification of Caraboidea (Coleoptera: Adephaga). Museo Regional Science Naturali, Torino, Italy
    • _. 1998. A preliminary survey of the classification of Psydrini (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Pp. 359-368 in G. E. Ball, A. Casale, and A. V. Taglianti, eds. Phylogeny and classification of Caraboidea (Coleoptera: Adephaga). Proceedings of a Symposium (28 August 1996, Florence Italy), XX international congress of entomology. Museo Regional Science Naturali, Torino, Italy.
    • (1998) Proceedings of a Symposium (28 August 1996, Florence Italy), XX International Congress of Entomology , pp. 359-368
  • 4
    • 0038774647 scopus 로고
    • New cavernicolous species of Agonum (Rhadine) from Texas (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
    • Barr, T. C., and J. F. Lawrence. 1960. New cavernicolous species of Agonum (Rhadine) from Texas (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Wasmann J. Biol. 18:137-145.
    • (1960) Wasmann J. Biol. , vol.18 , pp. 137-145
    • Barr, T.C.1    Lawrence, J.F.2
  • 5
    • 0000273415 scopus 로고
    • On the evolution of host specificity in phytophagous arthropods
    • Bernays, E. A., and M. Graham. 1988. On the evolution of host specificity in phytophagous arthropods. Ecology 69:886-892.
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 886-892
    • Bernays, E.A.1    Graham, M.2
  • 6
    • 0030527151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis of larval and adult characters of Adephaga (Coleoptera) using cladistic computer programs
    • Beutel, R. G., and A. Haas. 1996. Phylogenetic analysis of larval and adult characters of Adephaga (Coleoptera) using cladistic computer programs. Entomol. Scand. 27:197-205.
    • (1996) Entomol. Scand. , vol.27 , pp. 197-205
    • Beutel, R.G.1    Haas, A.2
  • 8
    • 0001426873 scopus 로고
    • On irreversible evolution
    • Bull, J. J., and E. L. Charnov. 1985. On irreversible evolution. Evolution 39:1149-1154.
    • (1985) Evolution , vol.39 , pp. 1149-1154
    • Bull, J.J.1    Charnov, E.L.2
  • 9
    • 0002361107 scopus 로고
    • Climbing
    • M. Hildebrand, D. M. Bramble, K. F. Liem, and D. B. Wake, eds. Belknap Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Cartmill, M. 1985. Climbing. Pp. 73-88 in M. Hildebrand, D. M. Bramble, K. F. Liem, and D. B. Wake, eds. Functional vertebrate morphology. Belknap Press, Cambridge, MA.
    • (1985) Functional Vertebrate Morphology , pp. 73-88
    • Cartmill, M.1
  • 10
    • 0010482980 scopus 로고
    • Revisione degli Sphodrina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Sphodrini)
    • Casale, A. 1988. Revisione degli Sphodrina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Sphodrini). Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. 5:1-1024.
    • (1988) Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. , vol.5 , pp. 1-1024
    • Casale, A.1
  • 12
    • 0030067635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of extreme specialization within a lineage of ectomycorrhizal epiparasites
    • Cullings, K. W., T. M. Szaro, and T. D. Burns. 1996. Evolution of extreme specialization within a lineage of ectomycorrhizal epiparasites. Nature 379:63-66.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.379 , pp. 63-66
    • Cullings, K.W.1    Szaro, T.M.2    Burns, T.D.3
  • 13
    • 0011167165 scopus 로고
    • The carabid beetles of New Guinea. Part III. Harpalinae: Perigonini to Pseudomorphini
    • Darlington, P. J. 1968. The carabid beetles of New Guinea. Part III. Harpalinae: Perigonini to Pseudomorphini. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 137:1-253.
    • (1968) Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. , vol.137 , pp. 1-253
    • Darlington, P.J.1
  • 14
    • 0000911301 scopus 로고
    • The carabid beetles of New Guinea. Part IV. General considerations, analysis and history of fauna, taxonomic supplement
    • _. 1971. The carabid beetles of New Guinea. Part IV. General considerations, analysis and history of fauna, taxonomic supplement. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 142:129-337.
    • (1971) Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. , vol.142 , pp. 129-337
  • 15
    • 0001917974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies in cave life evolution: A rationale for future theoretical developments using phylogenetic inference
    • Desutter-Grandcolas, L. 1997. Studies in cave life evolution: a rationale for future theoretical developments using phylogenetic inference. J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. 35:23-31.
    • (1997) J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. , vol.35 , pp. 23-31
    • Desutter-Grandcolas, L.1
  • 16
    • 0033786436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is psammophily an evolutionary dead end? A phylogenetic test in the genus Willemia (Collembola: Hypogastruidae)
    • D'Haese, C. 2000. Is psammophily an evolutionary dead end? A phylogenetic test in the genus Willemia (Collembola: Hypogastruidae). Cladistics 16:255-273.
    • (2000) Cladistics , vol.16 , pp. 255-273
    • D'Haese, C.1
  • 17
    • 0024927549 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenies and the analysis of evolutionary sequences, with examples from seed plants
    • Donoghue, M. J. 1989. Phylogenies and the analysis of evolutionary sequences, with examples from seed plants. Evolution 43:1137-1156.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 1137-1156
    • Donoghue, M.J.1
  • 18
    • 0034612272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defense by foot adhesion in a beetle (Hemisphaerota cyanea)
    • Eisner, T., and D. J. Aneshansley. 2000. Defense by foot adhesion in a beetle (Hemisphaerota cyanea). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:6568-6573.
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 6568-6573
    • Eisner, T.1    Aneshansley, D.J.2
  • 19
    • 0003045795 scopus 로고
    • Thoughts on the evolutionary history of ground beetles: Hypotheses generated from comparative faunal analyses of lowland forest sites in temperate and tropical regions
    • T. L. Erwin, G. E. Ball, D. R. Whitehead, and A. L. Halpern, eds. Dr W Junk, The Hague
    • Erwin, T. L. 1979. Thoughts on the evolutionary history of ground beetles: hypotheses generated from comparative faunal analyses of lowland forest sites in temperate and tropical regions. Pp. 539-592 in T. L. Erwin, G. E. Ball, D. R. Whitehead, and A. L. Halpern, eds. Carabid beetles: their evolution, natural history, and classification. Dr W Junk, The Hague.
    • (1979) Carabid Beetles: Their Evolution, Natural History, and Classification , pp. 539-592
    • Erwin, T.L.1
  • 21
    • 0002583211 scopus 로고
    • Natural history of carabid beetles at the BIOLAT biological station, Rio Manu, Pakitza, Peru
    • _. 1991. Natural history of carabid beetles at the BIOLAT biological station, Rio Manu, Pakitza, Peru. Rev. Peru. Entomol. 33:1-85.
    • (1991) Rev. Peru. Entomol. , vol.33 , pp. 1-85
  • 22
    • 84972159314 scopus 로고
    • Arboreal beetles of tropical forests: The Xystosomi group, subtribe Xystosomina (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Bembidiini). Part I. Character analysis, taxonomy, and distribution
    • _. 1994. Arboreal beetles of tropical forests: the Xystosomi group, subtribe Xystosomina (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Bembidiini). Part I. Character analysis, taxonomy, and distribution. Can. Entomol. 126:549-666.
    • (1994) Can. Entomol. , vol.126 , pp. 549-666
  • 23
    • 0343985269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution at the equator: Arboreal and alticolous beetles and their taxon pulses with descriptions of a new Agra subclade and its species (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiini)
    • G. E. Ball, A. Casale, and A. V. Taglianti, eds. Phylogeny and classification of Caraboidea (Coleoptera: Adephaga). Museo Regionale Science Naturali, Torino, Italy
    • _. 1998. Evolution at the equator: arboreal and alticolous beetles and their taxon pulses with descriptions of a new Agra subclade and its species (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiini). Pp. 491-510 in G. E. Ball, A. Casale, and A. V. Taglianti, eds. Phylogeny and classification of Caraboidea (Coleoptera: Adephaga). Proceedings of a symposium (28 August 1996, Florence Italy), XX international congress of entomology. Museo Regionale Science Naturali, Torino, Italy.
    • (1998) Proceedings of a Symposium (28 August 1996, Florence Italy), XX International Congress of Entomology , pp. 491-510
  • 24
    • 0002925532 scopus 로고
    • Amazonian inundation forests: Their role as short-term refuges and generators of species richness and taxon pulses
    • G. Prance, ed. Columbia Univ. Press, New York
    • Erwin, T. L., and J. Adis. 1982. Amazonian inundation forests: their role as short-term refuges and generators of species richness and taxon pulses. Pp. 358-371 in G. Prance, ed. Biological diversification in the tropics. Columbia Univ. Press, New York.
    • (1982) Biological Diversification in the Tropics , pp. 358-371
    • Erwin, T.L.1    Adis, J.2
  • 25
    • 0002825107 scopus 로고
    • Agra, arboreal beetles of Neotropical forests: Biogeography and the forest refugium hypothesis (Carabidae)
    • W. R. Heyer and P. E. Vanzolini, eds. Brasilian Academy of Sciences, Rio de Janero, Brazil
    • Erwin, T. L., and M. J. Pogue. 1988. Agra, arboreal beetles of Neotropical forests: biogeography and the forest refugium hypothesis (Carabidae). Pp. 161-188 in W. R. Heyer and P. E. Vanzolini, eds. Neotropical distribution patterns. Brasilian Academy of Sciences, Rio de Janero, Brazil.
    • (1988) Neotropical Distribution Patterns , pp. 161-188
    • Erwin, T.L.1    Pogue, M.J.2
  • 26
    • 0027706882 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic determinants of insect/plant community diversity
    • R. E. Ricklefs and D. Schluter, eds. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL
    • Farrell, B. D., and C. Mitter. 1993. Phylogenetic determinants of insect/plant community diversity. Pp. 253-266 in R. E. Ricklefs and D. Schluter, eds. Species diversity: historical and geographical perspectives. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
    • (1993) Species Diversity: Historical and Geographical Perspectives , pp. 253-266
    • Farrell, B.D.1    Mitter, C.2
  • 27
    • 0022203256 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenies and the comparative method
    • Felsenstein, J. 1985. Phylogenies and the comparative method. Am. Nat. 125:1-15.
    • (1985) Am. Nat. , vol.125 , pp. 1-15
    • Felsenstein, J.1
  • 28
    • 0002485206 scopus 로고
    • Feeding mechanisms of certain ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
    • Forsythe, T. 1982. Feeding mechanisms of certain ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Coleopts. Bull. 36:26-73.
    • (1982) Coleopts. Bull. , vol.36 , pp. 26-73
    • Forsythe, T.1
  • 29
    • 0001639074 scopus 로고
    • Specialization: Species property or local phenomenon?
    • Fox, L. R., and P. A. Morrow. 1981. Specialization: species property or local phenomenon? Science 211:887-893.
    • (1981) Science , vol.211 , pp. 887-893
    • Fox, L.R.1    Morrow, P.A.2
  • 30
    • 0024187005 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of ecological specialization
    • Futuyma, D. A., and G. Moreno. 1988. The evolution of ecological specialization. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 19:207-233.
    • (1988) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.19 , pp. 207-233
    • Futuyma, D.A.1    Moreno, G.2
  • 31
    • 11944256302 scopus 로고
    • Procedures for the analysis of comparative data using independent contrasts
    • Garland, T., P. H. Harvey, and A. R. Ives. 1992. Procedures for the analysis of comparative data using independent contrasts. Syst. Biol. 41:18-32.
    • (1992) Syst. Biol. , vol.41 , pp. 18-32
    • Garland, T.1    Harvey, P.H.2    Ives, A.R.3
  • 33
    • 84972090769 scopus 로고
    • Notes on the rates and patterns of size change in evolution
    • Hayami, I. 1978. Notes on the rates and patterns of size change in evolution. Paleobiology. 4:252-260.
    • (1978) Paleobiology , vol.4 , pp. 252-260
    • Hayami, I.1
  • 34
    • 0035745989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maneuvering in an arboreal habitat: The effects of turning angle on the locomotion of three sympatric ecomorphs of Anolis lizards
    • Higham, T. E., M. S. Davenport, and B. C. Jayne. 2001. Maneuvering in an arboreal habitat: the effects of turning angle on the locomotion of three sympatric ecomorphs of Anolis lizards. J. Exp. Biol. 204:4141-4155.
    • (2001) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.204 , pp. 4141-4155
    • Higham, T.E.1    Davenport, M.S.2    Jayne, B.C.3
  • 35
    • 0034849408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees
    • Huelsenbeck, J. P., and F. Ronquist. 2001. MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics 7:754-755.
    • (2001) Bioinformatics , vol.7 , pp. 754-755
    • Huelsenbeck, J.P.1    Ronquist, F.2
  • 36
    • 0034733685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accommodating phylogenetic uncertainty in evolutionary studies
    • Huelsenbeck, J. P., B. Rannala, and J. P. Masly. 2000. Accommodating phylogenetic uncertainty in evolutionary studies. Science 288:2349-2350.
    • (2000) Science , vol.288 , pp. 2349-2350
    • Huelsenbeck, J.P.1    Rannala, B.2    Masly, J.P.3
  • 37
    • 0025526144 scopus 로고
    • Host specialization in phytophagous insects
    • Jaenike, J. 1990. Host specialization in phytophagous insects. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 21:243-273.
    • (1990) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.21 , pp. 243-273
    • Jaenike, J.1
  • 38
    • 0002516903 scopus 로고
    • Coléoptères carabiques. 1
    • Jeannel, R. 1941. Coléoptères carabiques. 1. Faune Fr. 39:1-571.
    • (1941) Faune Fr. , vol.39 , pp. 1-571
    • Jeannel, R.1
  • 39
    • 0032443352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is specialization a dead end? The phylogeny of host use in Dendroctonus bark beetles (Scolytidae)
    • Kelley, S. T., and B. D. Farrell. 1998. Is specialization a dead end? The phylogeny of host use in Dendroctonus bark beetles (Scolytidae). Evolution 52:1731-1743.
    • (1998) Evolution , vol.52 , pp. 1731-1743
    • Kelley, S.T.1    Farrell, B.D.2
  • 40
    • 0018990516 scopus 로고
    • Does the information density of amino acid composition increase?
    • King, J. L. 1980. Does the information density of amino acid composition increase? J. Mol. Evol. 15:73-75.
    • (1980) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.15 , pp. 73-75
    • King, J.L.1
  • 41
    • 84972218978 scopus 로고
    • Resource partitioning in a guild of marsh-dwelling Agonum (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in Central Alberta
    • Landry, J. F. 1994. Resource partitioning in a guild of marsh-dwelling Agonum (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in Central Alberta. Can. Entomol. 126:709-728.
    • (1994) Can. Entomol. , vol.126 , pp. 709-728
    • Landry, J.F.1
  • 42
    • 0001218661 scopus 로고
    • The ground beetles (Carabidae excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska. Part 5
    • Lindroth, C. H. 1968. The ground beetles (Carabidae excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska. Part 5. Opusc. Entomol. Suppl. 33:649-1192.
    • (1968) Opusc. Entomol. Suppl. , vol.33 , pp. 649-1192
    • Lindroth, C.H.1
  • 43
    • 11944257313 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of convergent structure in Caribbean Anolis communities
    • Losos, J. B. 1992. The evolution of convergent structure in Caribbean Anolis communities. Syst. Biol. 41:403-420.
    • (1992) Syst. Biol. , vol.41 , pp. 403-420
    • Losos, J.B.1
  • 44
    • 0028683732 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation and constraint in the evolution of Bahamian Anolis lizards
    • Losos, J.B., D. J. Irschick, and T. W. Schoener. 1994. Adaptation and constraint in the evolution of Bahamian Anolis lizards. Evolution 48:1786-1798.
    • (1994) Evolution , vol.48 , pp. 1786-1798
    • Losos, J.B.1    Irschick, D.J.2    Schoener, T.W.3
  • 45
    • 84960569058 scopus 로고
    • The discovery and importance of multiple islands of most-parsimonious trees
    • Maddison, D. R. 1991. The discovery and importance of multiple islands of most-parsimonious trees. Syst. Zool. 40:315-328.
    • (1991) Syst. Zool. , vol.40 , pp. 315-328
    • Maddison, D.R.1
  • 46
    • 0028094163 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic methods for inferring the evolutionary history and processes of change in discretely valued characters
    • _. 1994. Phylogenetic methods for inferring the evolutionary history and processes of change in discretely valued characters. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 39:267-292.
    • (1994) Annu. Rev. Entomol. , vol.39 , pp. 267-292
  • 48
    • 0001705679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny of carabid beetles as inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
    • Maddison, D. R., M. D. Baker, and K. A. Ober. 1999. Phylogeny of carabid beetles as inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Syst. Entomol. 24:103-138.
    • (1999) Syst. Entomol. , vol.24 , pp. 103-138
    • Maddison, D.R.1    Baker, M.D.2    Ober, K.A.3
  • 49
    • 0000989477 scopus 로고
    • A method for testing the correlated evolution of two binary characters: Are gains or losses concentrated on certain branches of a phylogenetic tree?
    • Maddison, W. P. 1990. A method for testing the correlated evolution of two binary characters: Are gains or losses concentrated on certain branches of a phylogenetic tree? Evolution 44:539-557.
    • (1990) Evolution , vol.44 , pp. 539-557
    • Maddison, W.P.1
  • 50
    • 0036806256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and morphological phylogenetics of weevils (Coleoptera: Curculioniodea): Do niche shifts accompany diversification?
    • Marvaldi, A. E., A. S. Sequeira, C. W. O'Brien, and B. D. Farrell. 2002. Molecular and morphological phylogenetics of weevils (Coleoptera: Curculioniodea): Do niche shifts accompany diversification? Syst. Biol. 51:761-785.
    • (2002) Syst. Biol. , vol.51 , pp. 761-785
    • Marvaldi, A.E.1    Sequeira, A.S.2    O'Brien, C.W.3    Farrell, B.D.4
  • 52
    • 84982353184 scopus 로고
    • Two remarkable new genera and species of troglobitic Carabidae (Coleoptera) from Nullarbor Caves
    • Moore, B. P. 1995. Two remarkable new genera and species of troglobitic Carabidae (Coleoptera) from Nullarbor Caves. J. Aust. Entomol. Soc. 34:159-161.
    • (1995) J. Aust. Entomol. Soc. , vol.34 , pp. 159-161
    • Moore, B.P.1
  • 54
    • 0036695783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transition rates between specialization and generalization in phytophagous insects
    • Nosil, P. 2002. Transition rates between specialization and generalization in phytophagous insects. Evolution 56:1701-1706.
    • (2002) Evolution , vol.56 , pp. 1701-1706
    • Nosil, P.1
  • 55
    • 0036038038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relationships of the carabid subfamily Harpalinae (Coleoptera) based on molecular sequence data
    • Ober, K. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships of the carabid subfamily Harpalinae (Coleoptera) based on molecular sequence data. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 24:227-247.
    • (2002) Mol. Phyl. Evol. , vol.24 , pp. 227-247
    • Ober, K.1
  • 56
    • 85039656569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relationships of tribes within Harpalinae (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as inferred from 28S ribosomal DNA and the wingless gene
    • K. Ober. Ph.D. diss., University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
    • Ober, K., and D. Maddison. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships of tribes within Harpalinae (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as inferred from 28S ribosomal DNA and the wingless gene. In K. Ober. The evolution of arboreal carabid beetles. Ph.D. diss., University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
    • (2001) The Evolution of Arboreal Carabid Beetles
    • Ober, K.1    Maddison, D.2
  • 57
    • 0028097770 scopus 로고
    • Detecting correlated evolution on phylogenies: A general method for the comparative analysis of discrete characters
    • Pagel, M. 1994. Detecting correlated evolution on phylogenies: a general method for the comparative analysis of discrete characters. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 255:37-45.
    • (1994) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.255 , pp. 37-45
    • Pagel, M.1
  • 58
    • 84981829924 scopus 로고
    • Monkey locomotion on inclined surfaces
    • Prost, J. H., and R. W. Sussman. 1969. Monkey locomotion on inclined surfaces. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 31:53-58.
    • (1969) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.31 , pp. 53-58
    • Prost, J.H.1    Sussman, R.W.2
  • 59
    • 0029007587 scopus 로고
    • Comparative analysis by independent contrasts (CAIC): An Apple Macintosh application for analysing comparative data
    • Purvis, A., and A. Rambaut. 1995. Comparative analysis by independent contrasts (CAIC): an Apple Macintosh application for analysing comparative data. Comput. Appl. Biosci. 11:247-251.
    • (1995) Comput. Appl. Biosci. , vol.11 , pp. 247-251
    • Purvis, A.1    Rambaut, A.2
  • 60
    • 0038774645 scopus 로고
    • Monograph of the Neotropical Helluonini, with notes and discussions on Old World forms (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
    • Reichardt, H. 1974. Monograph of the Neotropical Helluonini, with notes and discussions on Old World forms (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Stud. Entomol. 17:211-302.
    • (1974) Stud. Entomol. , vol.17 , pp. 211-302
    • Reichardt, H.1
  • 61
    • 0001205097 scopus 로고
    • A synopsis of the genera of Neotropical Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera)
    • _. 1977. A synopsis of the genera of Neotropical Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Quaest. Entomol. 13:346-493.
    • (1977) Quaest. Entomol. , vol.13 , pp. 346-493
  • 62
    • 84959816047 scopus 로고
    • A theoretical study of the underestimation of branch lengths by maximum parsimony principle
    • Saitou, N. 1989. A theoretical study of the underestimation of branch lengths by maximum parsimony principle. Syst. Zool. 38:1-6.
    • (1989) Syst. Zool. , vol.38 , pp. 1-6
    • Saitou, N.1
  • 64
    • 0035527399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence alignment of 18S ribosomal RNA and the basal relationships of adephagan beetles: Evidence for monophyly of aquatic families and the placement of Trachypachidae
    • Shull, V. L., A. P. Vogler, M. D. Baker, D. R. Maddison, and P. M. Hammond. 2001. Sequence alignment of 18S ribosomal RNA and the basal relationships of adephagan beetles: evidence for monophyly of aquatic families and the placement of Trachypachidae. Syst. Biol. 50:945-969.
    • (2001) Syst. Biol. , vol.50 , pp. 945-969
    • Shull, V.L.1    Vogler, A.P.2    Baker, M.D.3    Maddison, D.R.4    Hammond, P.M.5
  • 65
    • 0001292180 scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny and the reversibility of parasitism
    • Siddall, M. E., D. R. Brooks, and S. S. Desser. 1993. Phylogeny and the reversibility of parasitism. Evolution 47:308-313.
    • (1993) Evolution , vol.47 , pp. 308-313
    • Siddall, M.E.1    Brooks, D.R.2    Desser, S.S.3
  • 68
    • 0015700356 scopus 로고
    • An explanation for Cope's rule
    • Stanley, S. M. 1973. An explanation for Cope's rule. Evolution 27:1-26.
    • (1973) Evolution , vol.27 , pp. 1-26
    • Stanley, S.M.1
  • 69
    • 0001195843 scopus 로고
    • A scanning electron microscope study of tarsal adhesive setae in the Coleoptera
    • Stork, N. E. 1980. A scanning electron microscope study of tarsal adhesive setae in the Coleoptera. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 68:173-306.
    • (1980) Zool. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.68 , pp. 173-306
    • Stork, N.E.1
  • 70
    • 84948040719 scopus 로고
    • The adherence of beetle tarsal setae to glass
    • _. 1983. The adherence of beetle tarsal setae to glass. J. Nat. Hist. 17:583-597.
    • (1983) J. Nat. Hist. , vol.17 , pp. 583-597
  • 71
    • 0001017054 scopus 로고
    • Adaptations of arboreal carabids to life in trees
    • _. 1987. Adaptations of arboreal carabids to life in trees. Acta Phytopathol. Entomol. Hung. 22:273-291.
    • (1987) Acta Phytopathol. Entomol. Hung. , vol.22 , pp. 273-291
  • 73
    • 0001056906 scopus 로고
    • Parsimony, characterstate reconstructions, and evolutionary inferences
    • R. L. Mayden, ed. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, CA
    • Swofford, D. L., and W. P. Maddison. 1992. Parsimony, characterstate reconstructions, and evolutionary inferences. Pp. 186-223 in R. L. Mayden, ed. Systematics, historical ecology, and North American freshwater fishes. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, CA.
    • (1992) Systematics, Historical Ecology, and North American Freshwater Fishes , pp. 186-223
    • Swofford, D.L.1    Maddison, W.P.2
  • 74
    • 0038072991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspective: Reverse evolution
    • Teotónio, H., and M. R. Rose. 2001. Perspective: reverse evolution. Evolution 55:653-660.
    • (2001) Evolution , vol.55 , pp. 653-660
    • Teotónio, H.1    Rose, M.R.2
  • 77
    • 0033826413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why are there so few evolutionary transitions between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems?
    • Vermeij, G. 2000. Why are there so few evolutionary transitions between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems? Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 70:541-554.
    • (2000) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.70 , pp. 541-554
    • Vermeij, G.1
  • 78
    • 0007683216 scopus 로고
    • The foot of the fly and its structure and action elucidated by comparison with the feet of other insects
    • West, T. 1862. The foot of the fly and its structure and action elucidated by comparison with the feet of other insects. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 23:393-421.
    • (1862) Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. , vol.23 , pp. 393-421
    • West, T.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.