메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 34, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 405-425

Guidelines for initial management and assessment of spinal injury British Trauma Society, 2002

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGITATION; CERVICAL SPINE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONSULTATION; EQUIPMENT; IMMOBILIZATION; INTUBATION; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PAIN; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PATIENT TRANSPORT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SPINE; SPINE INJURY; SPINE RADIOGRAPHY; THORACOLUMBAR SPINE; TREATMENT INDICATION; UNCONSCIOUSNESS; VOMITING;

EID: 0037616077     PISSN: 00201383     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0020-1383(02)00354-6     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (26)

References (197)
  • 1
    • 0018569138 scopus 로고
    • Acute fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine
    • Bohlman HH. Acute fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine. J Bone Joint Surg 1979;61A:1119-40.
    • (1979) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.61 A , pp. 1119-1140
    • Bohlman, H.H.1
  • 2
    • 0032997921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cervical spine injury in low-impact blunt trauma
    • Roberge RJ, Samuels JR. Cervical spine injury in low-impact blunt trauma. Am J Emerg Med. 1999;17: 125-9.
    • (1999) Am J Emerg Med , vol.17 , pp. 125-129
    • Roberge, R.J.1    Samuels, J.R.2
  • 3
    • 0026601050 scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of fractures and fracture-dislocations of the cervical spine
    • Ryan MD, Henderson JJ. The epidemiology of fractures and fracture-dislocations of the cervical spine. Injury 1992;23(1):38-40.
    • (1992) Injury , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 38-40
    • Ryan, M.D.1    Henderson, J.J.2
  • 5
    • 0024514039 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of cervical spine injuries in association with blunt head trauma
    • Bayless P, Ray VG. Incidence of cervical spine injuries in association with blunt head trauma. Am J Emerg Med 1989;7:139-42.
    • (1989) Am J Emerg Med , vol.7 , pp. 139-142
    • Bayless, P.1    Ray, V.G.2
  • 6
    • 0029245004 scopus 로고
    • Cervical spine injuries in patients with facial fractures: A 1-year prospective study
    • Beirne JC, Butler PE, Brady FA. Cervical spine injuries in patients with facial fractures: a 1-year prospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995;24:26-9.
    • (1995) Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg , vol.24 , pp. 26-29
    • Beirne, J.C.1    Butler, P.E.2    Brady, F.A.3
  • 7
    • 0027271843 scopus 로고
    • Head injury and facial injury: Is there an increased risk of cervical spine injury?
    • Hills MW, Deane SA. Head injury and facial injury: is there an increased risk of cervical spine injury? J Trauma 1993;34:549-54.
    • (1993) J Trauma , vol.34 , pp. 549-554
    • Hills, M.W.1    Deane, S.A.2
  • 8
    • 0033066572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of head trauma with cervical spine injury, spinal cord injury, or both
    • Iida H, Tachibana S, Kitahara T, Horiike S, et al. Association of head trauma with cervical spine injury, spinal cord injury, or both. J Trauma 1999;46(3): 450-2.
    • (1999) J Trauma , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 450-452
    • Iida, H.1    Tachibana, S.2    Kitahara, T.3    Horiike, S.4
  • 9
    • 0029261419 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the use of plain cervical spine radiography in patients with head injury
    • Malomo AO, Shokunbi MT, Adeloye A. Evaluation of the use of plain cervical spine radiography in patients with head injury. East Afr Med J 1995;72:186-8.
    • (1995) East Afr Med J , vol.72 , pp. 186-188
    • Malomo, A.O.1    Shokunbi, M.T.2    Adeloye, A.3
  • 11
    • 0022585461 scopus 로고
    • Cervical spine fractures with major associated trauma
    • Reiss SJ, Raque Jr GH, Shields CB, et al. Cervical spine fractures with major associated trauma. Neurosurgery 1986;18:327-30.
    • (1986) Neurosurgery , vol.18 , pp. 327-330
    • Reiss, S.J.1    Raque G.H., Jr.2    Shields, C.B.3
  • 12
    • 0026642454 scopus 로고
    • Clinical predictors of unstable cervical spinal injury in multiply injured patients
    • Ross SE, O'Malley KF, DeLong WG, Born CT, Schwab CW. Clinical predictors of unstable cervical spinal injury in multiply injured patients. Injury 1992;23:5:317-9.
    • (1992) Injury , vol.23 , Issue.5 , pp. 317-319
    • Ross, S.E.1    O'Malley, K.F.2    DeLong, W.G.3    Born, C.T.4    Schwab, C.W.5
  • 13
    • 0026629014 scopus 로고
    • Head, facial, and clavicular trauma as a predictor of cervical-spine injury
    • Williams J, Jehle D, Cottington E, et al. Head, facial, and clavicular trauma as a predictor of cervical-spine injury. Ann Emerg Med 1992;21:719-22.
    • (1992) Ann Emerg Med , vol.21 , pp. 719-722
    • Williams, J.1    Jehle, D.2    Cottington, E.3
  • 15
    • 0033779918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined injuries in the upper cervical spine: Clinical and epidemiological data over a 14-year period
    • Gleizes V, Jacquot FP, Signoret F, Feron JM. Combined injuries in the upper cervical spine: clinical and epidemiological data over a 14-year period. Eur Spine J 2000;9(5):386-92.
    • (2000) Eur Spine J , vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp. 386-392
    • Gleizes, V.1    Jacquot, F.P.2    Signoret, F.3    Feron, J.M.4
  • 16
    • 0024340563 scopus 로고
    • Multilevel spinal injuries, incidence, distribution and neurological patterns
    • Gupta A, Masriws EI. Multilevel spinal injuries, incidence, distribution and neurological patterns. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 1989;71:692-5.
    • (1989) J Bone Joint Surg [Br] , vol.71 , pp. 692-695
    • Gupta, A.1    Masriws, E.I.2
  • 17
    • 0026068770 scopus 로고
    • Multiple non-contiguous spine fractures
    • Henderson RL, Reid DC, Saboe LA. Multiple non-contiguous spine fractures. Spine 1991;16:2:128-31.
    • (1991) Spine , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 128-131
    • Henderson, R.L.1    Reid, D.C.2    Saboe, L.A.3
  • 18
    • 0017106338 scopus 로고
    • Multiple non-contiguous injuries to the spine
    • Kewalramani LS, Taylor RG. Multiple non-contiguous injuries to the spine. Acta Orthop Scand 1976;47:52-8.
    • (1976) Acta Orthop Scand , vol.47 , pp. 52-58
    • Kewalramani, L.S.1    Taylor, R.G.2
  • 19
    • 0034956726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of plain radiography to screen for cervical spine injuries
    • Wolfson AB for the NEXUS Group
    • Mower WR, Hoffman JR, Pollack CV, Zucker MI, Browne BJ, Wolfson AB for the NEXUS Group. Use of plain radiography to screen for cervical spine injuries. Ann Emerg Med 2001;38(1):1-7.
    • (2001) Ann Emerg Med , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-7
    • Mower, W.R.1    Hoffman, J.R.2    Pollack, C.V.3    Zucker, M.I.4    Browne, B.J.5
  • 22
    • 0033957030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unstable cervical spine without spinal cord injury in penetrating neck trauma
    • Apfelbaum JD, Cantrill SV, Waldman N. Unstable cervical spine without spinal cord injury in penetrating neck trauma. Am J Emerg Med 18(1):55-7.
    • Am J Emerg Med , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-57
    • Apfelbaum, J.D.1    Cantrill, S.V.2    Waldman, N.3
  • 23
    • 0031924914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is cervical spine imaging indicated in gunshot wounds to the cranium?
    • Chong CL, Ware DN, Harris Jr JH. Is cervical spine imaging indicated in gunshot wounds to the cranium? J Trauma 1998;44(3):501-2.
    • (1998) J Trauma , vol.44 , Issue.3 , pp. 501-502
    • Chong, C.L.1    Ware, D.N.2    Harris J.H., Jr.3
  • 24
    • 0031802323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients with gunshot wounds to the head do not require cervical spine immobilisation and evaluation
    • Kaups KL, Davis JW. Patients with gunshot wounds to the head do not require cervical spine immobilisation and evaluation. J Trauma 1998;44:865-7.
    • (1998) J Trauma , vol.44 , pp. 865-867
    • Kaups, K.L.1    Davis, J.W.2
  • 25
    • 0028243294 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of cervical spine injury in patients with gunshot wounds to the head
    • Kennedy FR, Gonzalez P, Beitler A, Sterling-Scott R, et al. Incidence of cervical spine injury in patients with gunshot wounds to the head. S Afr Med J 1994;87(6):621-3.
    • (1994) S Afr Med J , vol.87 , Issue.6 , pp. 621-623
    • Kennedy, F.R.1    Gonzalez, P.2    Beitler, A.3    Sterling-Scott, R.4
  • 27
    • 0033999717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-skeletal cervical spine injuries: Epidemiology and diagnostic pitfalls
    • Demetriades D, Charalambides K, Chahwan S, Hanpeter D, et al. Non-skeletal cervical spine injuries: epidemiology and diagnostic pitfalls. J Trauma 2000;48(4):724-7.
    • (2000) J Trauma , vol.48 , Issue.4 , pp. 724-727
    • Demetriades, D.1    Charalambides, K.2    Chahwan, S.3    Hanpeter, D.4
  • 28
    • 0032850414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National survey of the incidence of cervical spine injury and approach to cervical spine clearance in US trauma centers
    • Grossman MD, Reilly PM, Gillett T, Gillett D. National survey of the incidence of cervical spine injury and approach to cervical spine clearance in US trauma centers. J Trauma 1999;47(4):684-90.
    • (1999) J Trauma , vol.47 , Issue.4 , pp. 684-690
    • Grossman, M.D.1    Reilly, P.M.2    Gillett, T.3    Gillett, D.4
  • 29
  • 30
    • 0028843667 scopus 로고
    • Pediatric cervical-spine immobilization: Achieving neutral position?
    • Curran C, Dietrich AM, Bowman MJ, Ginn-Pease ME, et al. Pediatric cervical-spine immobilization: achieving neutral position? J Trauma 1995;39(4):729-32.
    • (1995) J Trauma , vol.39 , Issue.4 , pp. 729-732
    • Curran, C.1    Dietrich, A.M.2    Bowman, M.J.3    Ginn-Pease, M.E.4
  • 31
    • 0030250581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy and comfort of full-body vacuum splints for cervical-spine immobilization
    • Hamilton RS, Pons PT. The efficacy and comfort of full-body vacuum splints for cervical-spine immobilization. J Emerg Med 14(5):553-9.
    • J Emerg Med , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 553-559
    • Hamilton, R.S.1    Pons, P.T.2
  • 32
    • 0032742076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The reliability of prehospital clinical evaluation for potential spinal injury is not affected by the mechanism of injury
    • Domeier RM, Evans RW, Swor RA, et al. The reliability of prehospital clinical evaluation for potential spinal injury is not affected by the mechanism of injury. Prehosp Emerg Care 1999;3(4):332-7.
    • (1999) Prehosp Emerg Care , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 332-337
    • Domeier, R.M.1    Evans, R.W.2    Swor, R.A.3
  • 33
    • 0032411406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Out-of-hospital cervical spine clearance: Agreement between emergency medical technicians and emergency physicians
    • Meldon SW, Brant TA, Cydulka RK, et al. Out-of-hospital cervical spine clearance: agreement between emergency medical technicians and emergency physicians. J Trauma 1998;45:1058-61.
    • (1998) J Trauma , vol.45 , pp. 1058-1061
    • Meldon, S.W.1    Brant, T.A.2    Cydulka, R.K.3
  • 34
    • 0023182841 scopus 로고
    • Clinical indications for cervical spine radiographs in the traumatized patient
    • Bachulis BL, Long WB, Hynes GD, et al. Clinical indications for cervical spine radiographs in the traumatized patient. Am J Surg 1987;153:473-8.
    • (1987) Am J Surg , vol.153 , pp. 473-478
    • Bachulis, B.L.1    Long, W.B.2    Hynes, G.D.3
  • 35
    • 0023266168 scopus 로고
    • High-yield roentgenographic criteria for cervical spine injuries
    • Cadoux CG, White JD, Hedberg MC. High-yield roentgenographic criteria for cervical spine injuries. Ann Emerg Med 1987;16:738-42.
    • (1987) Ann Emerg Med , vol.16 , pp. 738-742
    • Cadoux, C.G.1    White, J.D.2    Hedberg, M.C.3
  • 37
    • 0032839924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of clinical examination in screening for blunt cervical injury
    • Gonzalez RP, Fried PO, Bukhalo M, et al. Role of clinical examination in screening for blunt cervical injury. J Am Coll Surg 1999;189:152-8.
    • (1999) J Am Coll Surg , vol.189 , pp. 152-158
    • Gonzalez, R.P.1    Fried, P.O.2    Bukhalo, M.3
  • 39
    • 0024436783 scopus 로고
    • Reliability of indications for cervical spine films in trauma patients
    • Kreipke DL, Gillespie KR, McCarthy MC, et al. Reliability of indications for cervical spine films in trauma patients. J Trauma 1989;29:1438-9.
    • (1989) J Trauma , vol.29 , pp. 1438-1439
    • Kreipke, D.L.1    Gillespie, K.R.2    McCarthy, M.C.3
  • 40
    • 0027363716 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of radiographic evaluation of the cervical spine in emergency situations
    • Lindsey RW, Diliberti TC, Doherty BJ, Watson AB. Efficacy of radiographic evaluation of the cervical spine in emergency situations. South Med J 1993;86(11):1253-5.
    • (1993) South Med J , vol.86 , Issue.11 , pp. 1253-1255
    • Lindsey, R.W.1    Diliberti, T.C.2    Doherty, B.J.3    Watson, A.B.4
  • 41
    • 0031890906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interrater reliability of cervical spine injury criteria in patients with blunt trauma
    • Mahadevan S, Mower WR, Hoffman JR, Peeples N, Goldberg W, Sonner R. Interrater reliability of cervical spine injury criteria in patients with blunt trauma. Ann Emerg Med 1998;31(2):197-201.
    • (1998) Ann Emerg Med , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 197-201
    • Mahadevan, S.1    Mower, W.R.2    Hoffman, J.R.3    Peeples, N.4    Goldberg, W.5    Sonner, R.6
  • 42
    • 0023806026 scopus 로고
    • Post-traumatic neck pain: A prospective and follow-up study
    • McNamara RM, O'Brien MC, Davidheiser S. Post-traumatic neck pain: a prospective and follow-up study. Ann Emerg Med 1988;17:906-11.
    • (1988) Ann Emerg Med , vol.17 , pp. 906-911
    • McNamara, R.M.1    O'Brien, M.C.2    Davidheiser, S.3
  • 43
    • 0025362690 scopus 로고
    • Cervical spine injury and radiography in alert, high-risk patients
    • McNamara RM, Heine E, Esposito B. Cervical spine injury and radiography in alert, high-risk patients. J Emerg Med 1990;8:177-82.
    • (1990) J Emerg Med , vol.8 , pp. 177-182
    • McNamara, R.M.1    Heine, E.2    Esposito, B.3
  • 44
    • 0024597046 scopus 로고
    • Protocol-driven radiologic evaluation of suspected cervical spine injury: Efficacy study
    • Mirvis SE, Diaconis JN, Chirico PA, et al. Protocol-driven radiologic evaluation of suspected cervical spine injury: efficacy study. Radiology 1989;170:831-4.
    • (1989) Radiology , vol.170 , pp. 831-834
    • Mirvis, S.E.1    Diaconis, J.N.2    Chirico, P.A.3
  • 45
    • 0023694291 scopus 로고
    • Rational ordering of cervical spine radiographs following trauma
    • Ringenberg BJ, Fisher AK, Urdaneta LF, et al. Rational ordering of cervical spine radiographs following trauma. Ann Emerg Med 1988;17:792-6.
    • (1988) Ann Emerg Med , vol.17 , pp. 792-796
    • Ringenberg, B.J.1    Fisher, A.K.2    Urdaneta, L.F.3
  • 46
    • 0026668634 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of neck discomfort, neck tenderness, and neurologic deficits as indicators for radiography in blunt trauma victims
    • Roberge RJ, Wears RC. Evaluation of neck discomfort, neck tenderness, and neurologic deficits as indicators for radiography in blunt trauma victims. J Emerg Med 1992;10:539-44.
    • (1992) J Emerg Med , vol.10 , pp. 539-544
    • Roberge, R.J.1    Wears, R.C.2
  • 47
    • 0023684776 scopus 로고
    • Selective application of cervical spine radiography in alert victims of blunt trauma: A prospective study
    • Roberge RJ, Wears RC, Kelly M, et al. Selective application of cervical spine radiography in alert victims of blunt trauma: a prospective study. J Trauma 1988;28:784-8.
    • (1988) J Trauma , vol.28 , pp. 784-788
    • Roberge, R.J.1    Wears, R.C.2    Kelly, M.3
  • 48
    • 0026642454 scopus 로고
    • Clinical predictors of unstable cervical spinal injury in multiply injured patients
    • Ross SE, O'Malley KF, Delong WG, et al. Clinical predictors of unstable cervical spinal injury in multiply injured patients. Injury 1992;23:317-9.
    • (1992) Injury , vol.23 , pp. 317-319
    • Ross, S.E.1    O'Malley, K.F.2    Delong, W.G.3
  • 49
    • 0028340501 scopus 로고
    • Roentgenographic evaluation of the cervical spine. A selective approach
    • Roth BJ, Martin RR, Foley K, et al. Roentgenographic evaluation of the cervical spine. A selective approach. Arch Surg 1994;129:643-5.
    • (1994) Arch Surg , vol.129 , pp. 643-645
    • Roth, B.J.1    Martin, R.R.2    Foley, K.3
  • 50
    • 0025997472 scopus 로고
    • Clinical indications for cervical spine radiographs in alert trauma patients
    • Saddison D, Vanek VW, Racanelli JL. Clinical indications for cervical spine radiographs in alert trauma patients. Am Surg 1991;57:366-9.
    • (1991) Am Surg , vol.57 , pp. 366-369
    • Saddison, D.1    Vanek, V.W.2    Racanelli, J.L.3
  • 52
    • 0029927824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiographic cervical spine evaluation in the alert asymptomatic blunt trauma victim: Much ado about nothing
    • Velmahos GC, Theodorou D, Tatevossian R, et al. Radiographic cervical spine evaluation in the alert asymptomatic blunt trauma victim: much ado about nothing. J Trauma 1996;40:768-74.
    • (1996) J Trauma , vol.40 , pp. 768-774
    • Velmahos, G.C.1    Theodorou, D.2    Tatevossian, R.3
  • 53
    • 0031461441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adequacy and efficacy of lateral cervical spine radiography in alert, high-risk blunt trauma patient
    • Zabel DD, Tinkoff G, Wittenborn, W, Ballard K, Fulda G. Adequacy and efficacy of lateral cervical spine radiography in alert, high-risk blunt trauma patient. J Trauma 1997;43(6):952-7.
    • (1997) J Trauma , vol.43 , Issue.6 , pp. 952-957
    • Zabel, D.D.1    Tinkoff, G.2    Wittenborn, W.3    Ballard, K.4    Fulda, G.5
  • 54
    • 0023619221 scopus 로고
    • A review of cervical-spine radiographs in casualty patients
    • Annis JAD, Finlay BL, Allen MJ, Barnes MR. A review of cervical-spine radiographs in casualty patients. Br J Radiol 1987;60:1059-61.
    • (1987) Br J Radiol , vol.60 , pp. 1059-1061
    • Annis, J.A.D.1    Finlay, B.L.2    Allen, M.J.3    Barnes, M.R.4
  • 55
    • 0002851293 scopus 로고
    • Fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine
    • Beatson TR, Fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine. J Bone Joint Surg 1963;45B(1):21-35.
    • (1963) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.45 B , Issue.1 , pp. 21-35
    • Beatson, T.R.1
  • 56
    • 0030830536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specificity of cervical radiography: Importance of clinical scenario
    • Blackmore CC, Deyo RA. Specificity of cervical radiography: importance of clinical scenario. Emerg Radiol 1997;4:283-6.
    • (1997) Emerg Radiol , vol.4 , pp. 283-286
    • Blackmore, C.C.1    Deyo, R.A.2
  • 57
    • 0023765008 scopus 로고
    • Radiographic evaluation of cervical spine injuries
    • Clark CR, Igram CM, el-Khoury GY, et al. Radiographic evaluation of cervical spine injuries. Spine 1988;13:742-7.
    • (1988) Spine , vol.13 , pp. 742-747
    • Clark, C.R.1    Igram, C.M.2    El-Khoury, G.Y.3
  • 58
    • 0022372787 scopus 로고
    • The next logical step in the emergency radiographic evaluation of cervical spine trauma: The five-view trauma series
    • Doris PE, Wilson RA. The next logical step in the emergency radiographic evaluation of cervical spine trauma: The five-view trauma series. J Emerg Med 1985;3:371-85.
    • (1985) J Emerg Med , vol.3 , pp. 371-385
    • Doris, P.E.1    Wilson, R.A.2
  • 59
    • 0028817549 scopus 로고
    • Imaging of acute injuries of the cervical spine: Value of plain radiography, CT, and MR imaging
    • el-Khoury GY, Kathol MH, Daniel WW. Imaging of acute injuries of the cervical spine: value of plain radiography, CT, and MR imaging. Am J Roentgenol 1995;164:43-50.
    • (1995) Am J Roentgenol , vol.164 , pp. 43-50
    • El-Khoury, G.Y.1    Kathol, M.H.2    Daniel, W.W.3
  • 60
    • 0021203470 scopus 로고
    • Cervical radiographic evaluation of alert patients following blunt trauma
    • Fischer RP. Cervical radiographic evaluation of alert patients following blunt trauma. Ann Emerg Med 1994;13:905-7.
    • (1994) Ann Emerg Med , vol.13 , pp. 905-907
    • Fischer, R.P.1
  • 61
    • 0031830096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of prevertebral soft tissue measurement at C3 for detection of cervical spine fractures and dislocations
    • Herr C, Ball PA, Sargent SK, Quinton HB. Sensitivity of prevertebral soft tissue measurement at C3 for detection of cervical spine fractures and dislocations. Am J Emerg Med 1998;16:346-9.
    • (1998) Am J Emerg Med , vol.16 , pp. 346-349
    • Herr, C.1    Ball, P.A.2    Sargent, S.K.3    Quinton, H.B.4
  • 62
    • 0026462547 scopus 로고
    • Low-risk criteria for cervical-spine radiography in blunt trauma: A prospective study
    • Hoffman JR, Schriger DL, Mower W, et al. Low-risk criteria for cervical-spine radiography in blunt trauma: a prospective study. Ann Emerg Med 1992;21:1454-60.
    • (1992) Ann Emerg Med , vol.21 , pp. 1454-1460
    • Hoffman, J.R.1    Schriger, D.L.2    Mower, W.3
  • 63
    • 0022631084 scopus 로고
    • Prospective analysis of acute cervical spine injury: A methodology to predict injury
    • Jacobs LM, Schwartz R. Prospective analysis of acute cervical spine injury: a methodology to predict injury. Ann Emerg Med 1986;15:44-9.
    • (1986) Ann Emerg Med , vol.15 , pp. 44-49
    • Jacobs, L.M.1    Schwartz, R.2
  • 64
    • 0017664809 scopus 로고
    • Selective use of radiography of the skull and cervical spine
    • Jergens ME, Morgan MT, McElroy CE. Selective use of radiography of the skull and cervical spine. West J Med 1977;127:1-4.
    • (1977) West J Med , vol.127 , pp. 1-4
    • Jergens, M.E.1    Morgan, M.T.2    McElroy, C.E.3
  • 65
    • 0034098928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Spinolamina breach': An important sign in cervical spinous process fractures
    • Matar LD, Helms CA, Richardson WJ. 'Spinolamina breach': an important sign in cervical spinous process fractures. Skeletal Radiol 2000;29:75-80.
    • (2000) Skeletal Radiol , vol.29 , pp. 75-80
    • Matar, L.D.1    Helms, C.A.2    Richardson, W.J.3
  • 66
    • 0023733963 scopus 로고
    • Is the prevertebral soft tissue swelling a useful sign in injury of the cervical spine?
    • Miles KA, Finlay D. Is the prevertebral soft tissue swelling a useful sign in injury of the cervical spine? Injury 1988;19:177-9.
    • (1988) Injury , vol.19 , pp. 177-179
    • Miles, K.A.1    Finlay, D.2
  • 67
    • 0023201003 scopus 로고
    • Clearing the cervical spine: Initial radiologic evaluation
    • Ross SE, Schwab CW, David ET, et al. Clearing the cervical spine: initial radiologic evaluation. J Trauma 1987;27:1055-60.
    • (1987) J Trauma , vol.27 , pp. 1055-1060
    • Ross, S.E.1    Schwab, C.W.2    David, E.T.3
  • 68
    • 0019720434 scopus 로고
    • Limitation of the cross-table lateral view in detecting cervical spine injuries: A retrospective analysis
    • Shaffer MA, Doris PE. Limitation of the cross-table lateral view in detecting cervical spine injuries: a retrospective analysis. Ann Emerg Med 1981;10:508-13.
    • (1981) Ann Emerg Med , vol.10 , pp. 508-513
    • Shaffer, M.A.1    Doris, P.E.2
  • 69
    • 0020512295 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of standard radiographic views in detecting cervical spine fractures
    • Streitwieser DR, Knopp R, Wales LR, et al. Accuracy of standard radiographic views in detecting cervical spine fractures. Ann Emerg Med 1983;12:538-42.
    • (1983) Ann Emerg Med , vol.12 , pp. 538-542
    • Streitwieser, D.R.1    Knopp, R.2    Wales, L.R.3
  • 70
    • 0030847546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute cervical spine trauma: Diagnostic performance of single-view versus three-view radiographic screening
    • West OC, Anbari MM, Pilgram TK, et al. Acute cervical spine trauma: diagnostic performance of single-view versus three-view radiographic screening. Radiology 1997;204:819-23.
    • (1997) Radiology , vol.204 , pp. 819-823
    • West, O.C.1    Anbari, M.M.2    Pilgram, T.K.3
  • 71
    • 0027414699 scopus 로고
    • Limitations of cervical radiography in the evaluation of acute cervical trauma
    • Woodring JH, Lee C. Limitations of cervical radiography in the evaluation of acute cervical trauma. J Trauma 1993;34:32-9.
    • (1993) J Trauma , vol.34 , pp. 32-39
    • Woodring, J.H.1    Lee, C.2
  • 72
    • 0025946561 scopus 로고
    • Is the anteroposterior cervical spine radiograph necessary in initial trauma screening?
    • Holliman CJ, Mayer JS, Cook RT, et al. Is the anteroposterior cervical spine radiograph necessary in initial trauma screening? Am J Emerg Med 1991;9:421-5.
    • (1991) Am J Emerg Med , vol.9 , pp. 421-425
    • Holliman, C.J.1    Mayer, J.S.2    Cook, R.T.3
  • 73
    • 0031803790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do supine oblique views provide better imaging of the cervicothoracic junction than swimmer's views?
    • Ireland AJ, Britton I, Forrester AW. Do supine oblique views provide better imaging of the cervicothoracic junction than swimmer's views? J Accid Emerg Med 1998;15(3)151-4.
    • (1998) J Accid Emerg Med , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 151-154
    • Ireland, A.J.1    Britton, I.2    Forrester, A.W.3
  • 74
    • 0015796994 scopus 로고
    • The radiological demonstration of acute lower cervical injury
    • McCall IW, Park WM, McSweeney T. The radiological demonstration of acute lower cervical injury. Clin Radiol 1973;24:235-40.
    • (1973) Clin Radiol , vol.24 , pp. 235-240
    • McCall, I.W.1    Park, W.M.2    McSweeney, T.3
  • 75
    • 0024312408 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of five-view and three-view cervical spine series in the evaluation of patients with cervical trauma
    • Freemyer B, Knopp R, Piche J, Wales L, Williams J. Comparison of five-view and three-view cervical spine series in the evaluation of patients with cervical trauma. Ann Emerg Med 1989;18(8):818-21.
    • (1989) Ann Emerg Med , vol.18 , Issue.8 , pp. 818-821
    • Freemyer, B.1    Knopp, R.2    Piche, J.3    Wales, L.4    Williams, J.5
  • 76
    • 0031688096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cost effectiveness of oblique radiography in the exclusion of C7-T1 injury in trauma patients
    • Kaneriya PP, Schweitzer ME, Spettell C, Cohen MJ, Karasick D. The cost effectiveness of oblique radiography in the exclusion of C7-T1 injury in trauma patients. Am J Roentgenol 1998;171:959-62.
    • (1998) Am J Roentgenol , vol.171 , pp. 959-962
    • Kaneriya, P.P.1    Schweitzer, M.E.2    Spettell, C.3    Cohen, M.J.4    Karasick, D.5
  • 77
    • 0027399010 scopus 로고
    • Technique and use of supine oblique views in acute cervical spine trauma
    • Turetsky DB, Vines FS, Clayman DA, Northup HM. Technique and use of supine oblique views in acute cervical spine trauma. Ann Emerg Med 1993;22:685-9.
    • (1993) Ann Emerg Med , vol.22 , pp. 685-689
    • Turetsky, D.B.1    Vines, F.S.2    Clayman, D.A.3    Northup, H.M.4
  • 78
    • 0022372787 scopus 로고
    • The next logical step in the emergency radiographic evaluation of cervical spine trauma: The five-view trauma series
    • Doris PE, Wilson RA. The next logical step in the emergency radiographic evaluation of cervical spine trauma: the five-view trauma series. J Emerg Med 1985;3:371-5.
    • (1985) J Emerg Med , vol.3 , pp. 371-375
    • Doris, P.E.1    Wilson, R.A.2
  • 79
    • 0024312408 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of five-view and three-view cervical spine series in the evaluation of patients with cervical trauma
    • Freemyer B, Knopp R, Piche J, et al. Comparison of five-view and three-view cervical spine series in the evaluation of patients with cervical trauma. Ann Emerg Med 1989;18:818-21.
    • (1989) Ann Emerg Med , vol.18 , pp. 818-821
    • Freemyer, B.1    Knopp, R.2    Piche, J.3
  • 80
    • 0025347104 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of cervical spine injury in motor vehicle crash victims: How many X-rays are enough?
    • MacDonald RL, Schwartz ML, Mirich D, et al. Diagnosis of cervical spine injury in motor vehicle crash victims: how many X-rays are enough? J Trauma 1990;30(4):392-7.
    • (1990) J Trauma , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 392-397
    • MacDonald, R.L.1    Schwartz, M.L.2    Mirich, D.3
  • 81
    • 0036156291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flexion and extension views are not cost-effective in a cervical spine clearance protocol for obtunded trauma patients
    • Anglen J, Metzler M, Bunn P, Griffiths H. Flexion and extension views are not cost-effective in a cervical spine clearance protocol for obtunded trauma patients. J Trauma Infect Crit Care 2002;52:54-9.
    • (2002) J Trauma Infect Crit Care , vol.52 , pp. 54-59
    • Anglen, J.1    Metzler, M.2    Bunn, P.3    Griffiths, H.4
  • 82
    • 0026016588 scopus 로고
    • Flexion-extension views in the evaluation of cervical-spine injuries
    • Lewis LM, Docherty M, Ruoff BE, et al. Flexion-extension views in the evaluation of cervical-spine injuries. Ann Emerg Med 1991;20:117-21.
    • (1991) Ann Emerg Med , vol.20 , pp. 117-121
    • Lewis, L.M.1    Docherty, M.2    Ruoff, B.E.3
  • 84
  • 85
    • 0023180846 scopus 로고
    • High-resolution CT scanning in the evaluation of cervical spine fracture: Comparison with plain film examinations
    • Acheson MB, Livingston RR, Richardson ML, et al. High-resolution CT scanning in the evaluation of cervical spine fracture: comparison with plain film examinations. Am J Roentgenol 1987;148:1179-85.
    • (1987) Am J Roentgenol , vol.148 , pp. 1179-1185
    • Acheson, M.B.1    Livingston, R.R.2    Richardson, M.L.3
  • 86
    • 0034758784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new cervical spine clearance protocol using computed tomography
    • Barba CA, Taggert J, Morgan AS, et al. A new cervical spine clearance protocol using computed tomography. J Trauma 2001;51(4):652-6.
    • (2001) J Trauma , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 652-656
    • Barba, C.A.1    Taggert, J.2    Morgan, A.S.3
  • 87
    • 0032707459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Value of complete cervical helical computed tomographic scanning in identifying cervical spine injury in the unevaluable blunt trauma patient with multiple injuries: A prospective study
    • Berne JD, Velmahos GC, El-Tawil Q, et al. Value of complete cervical helical computed tomographic scanning in identifying cervical spine injury in the unevaluable blunt trauma patient with multiple injuries: a prospective study. J Trauma 1999;47(5):896-902.
    • (1999) J Trauma , vol.47 , Issue.5 , pp. 896-902
    • Berne, J.D.1    Velmahos, G.C.2    El-Tawil, Q.3
  • 88
    • 0026346427 scopus 로고
    • A prospective analysis of a 2-year experience using computed tomography as an adjunct for cervical spine clearance
    • Borock EC, Gabram SG, Jacobs LM, et al. A prospective analysis of a 2-year experience using computed tomography as an adjunct for cervical spine clearance. J Trauma 1991;31:1001-6.
    • (1991) J Trauma , vol.31 , pp. 1001-1006
    • Borock, E.C.1    Gabram, S.G.2    Jacobs, L.M.3
  • 89
    • 0031032722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of root avulsions in traumatic brachial plexus injuries: Value of computerized tomography myelography and magnetic resonance imaging
    • Carvalho GA, Nikkhah G, Matthies C, Penkert G, Samii M. Diagnosis of root avulsions in traumatic brachial plexus injuries: value of computerized tomography myelography and magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosurg 1997;86:69-76.
    • (1997) J Neurosurg , vol.86 , pp. 69-76
    • Carvalho, G.A.1    Nikkhah, G.2    Matthies, C.3    Penkert, G.4    Samii, M.5
  • 90
    • 0034869808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helical CT of the cervical spine for trauma patients: A time study
    • Daffner RH. Helical CT of the cervical spine for trauma patients: a time study. Am J Roentgenol 2001;177(3):677-9.
    • (2001) Am J Roentgenol , vol.177 , Issue.3 , pp. 677-679
    • Daffner, R.H.1
  • 91
    • 0034073917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cervical spine injury: Accuracy of helical CT used as a screening technique
    • Hanson JA, Blackmore CC, Man FA, et al. Cervical spine injury: accuracy of helical CT used as a screening technique. Emerg Radiol 2000;7:1:31-5.
    • (2000) Emerg Radiol , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-35
    • Hanson, J.A.1    Blackmore, C.C.2    Man, F.A.3
  • 92
    • 0035187966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using CT of the cervical spine for early evaluation of pediatric patients with head trauma
    • Keenan HT, Hollingshead MC, Chung CJ, et al. Using CT of the cervical spine for early evaluation of pediatric patients with head trauma. Am J Roentgenol 2001;177(6):1405-9.
    • (2001) Am J Roentgenol , vol.177 , Issue.6 , pp. 1405-1409
    • Keenan, H.T.1    Hollingshead, M.C.2    Chung, C.J.3
  • 93
    • 0035209276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can CT eliminate initial portable lateral cervical spine radiograph in the multiple trauma patient? A review of 200 cases
    • Lawranson JW, Novelline RA, Rhea JT, Sacknoff R, Kihiczak D, Ptak T. Can CT eliminate initial portable lateral cervical spine radiograph in the multiple trauma patient? A review of 200 cases. Emerg Radiol 2001;8:272-5.
    • (2001) Emerg Radiol , vol.8 , pp. 272-275
    • Lawranson, J.W.1    Novelline, R.A.2    Rhea, J.T.3    Sacknoff, R.4    Kihiczak, D.5    Ptak, T.6
  • 94
    • 0035689409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of spiral CT vs. plain films in acute cervical spine trauma: A comparative study
    • Lee HJ, Sharma V. The role of spiral CT vs. plain films in acute cervical spine trauma: a comparative study. Emerg Radiol 2001;8:311-4.
    • (2001) Emerg Radiol , vol.8 , pp. 311-314
    • Lee, H.J.1    Sharma, V.2
  • 95
    • 0022398834 scopus 로고
    • Emergency evaluation of cervical spine injuries: CT vs. plain radiographs
    • Mace SE. Emergency evaluation of cervical spine injuries: CT vs. plain radiographs. Ann Emerg Med 1985;14:973-5.
    • (1985) Ann Emerg Med , vol.14 , pp. 973-975
    • Mace, S.E.1
  • 96
    • 0030278062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cervical spine trauma: How much more do we learn by routinely using helical CT?
    • Nunez Jr DB, Zuluaga A, Fuentes-Bernardo DA, Rivas LA, et al. Cervical spine trauma: how much more do we learn by routinely using helical CT? Radiographics 1996;16(6):1307-18.
    • (1996) Radiographics , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 1307-1318
    • Nunez D.B., Jr.1    Zuluaga, A.2    Fuentes-Bernardo, D.A.3    Rivas, L.A.4
  • 98
    • 0034508630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging of cervical spine trauma: Are the anteroposterior and odontoid radiographs needed when CT of the entire cervical spine is routine?
    • Rybicki FJ, Knoll B, McKenney K, Zou KH, Nunez DB. Imaging of cervical spine trauma: are the anteroposterior and odontoid radiographs needed when CT of the entire cervical spine is routine? Emerg Radiol 2000;7:352-5.
    • (2000) Emerg Radiol , vol.7 , pp. 352-355
    • Rybicki, F.J.1    Knoll, B.2    McKenney, K.3    Zou, K.H.4    Nunez, D.B.5
  • 99
    • 0034765219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective comparison of admission computed tomographic scan and plain films of the upper cervical spine in trauma patients with altered mental status
    • Schenarts PJ, Diaz J, Kaiser C, et al. Prospective comparison of admission computed tomographic scan and plain films of the upper cervical spine in trauma patients with altered mental status. J Trauma 2001;51(4):663-8.
    • (2001) J Trauma , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 663-668
    • Schenarts, P.J.1    Diaz, J.2    Kaiser, C.3
  • 100
    • 0024335292 scopus 로고
    • Computed tomography in the initial evaluation of the cervical spine
    • Schleehauf K, Ross SE, Civil ID, et al. Computed tomography in the initial evaluation of the cervical spine. Ann Emerg Med 1989;18:815-7.
    • (1989) Ann Emerg Med , vol.18 , pp. 815-817
    • Schleehauf, K.1    Ross, S.E.2    Civil, I.D.3
  • 101
    • 0027050791 scopus 로고
    • The role and limitations of computed tomographic scanning in the evaluation of cervical trauma
    • Woodring JH, Lee C. The role and limitations of computed tomographic scanning in the evaluation of cervical trauma. J Trauma 1992;33(5):698-708.
    • (1992) J Trauma , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 698-708
    • Woodring, J.H.1    Lee, C.2
  • 102
    • 0028850255 scopus 로고
    • Frequency and significance of fractures of the upper cervical spine detected by CT in patients with severe neck trauma
    • Blacksin MF, Lee HJ. Frequency and significance of fractures of the upper cervical spine detected by CT in patients with severe neck trauma. Am J Roentgenol 1995;165(5):1201-4.
    • (1995) Am J Roentgenol , vol.165 , Issue.5 , pp. 1201-1204
    • Blacksin, M.F.1    Lee, H.J.2
  • 103
    • 23744431855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fracture of the occipital condyles and associated craniocervical ligament injury: Incidence, CT imaging and implications
    • Bloom AI, Neeman Z, Slasky BS, Floman Y, Milgrom M, Rivkind A, et al. Fracture of the occipital condyles and associated craniocervical ligament injury: incidence, CT imaging and implications. Clin Radiol 1997;52:198-202.
    • (1997) Clin Radiol , vol.52 , pp. 198-202
    • Bloom, A.I.1    Neeman, Z.2    Slasky, B.S.3    Floman, Y.4    Milgrom, M.5    Rivkind, A.6
  • 105
    • 0025293805 scopus 로고
    • Unsuspected upper cervical spine fractures associated with significant head trauma: Role of CT
    • Kirshenbaum KJ, Nadimpalli SR, Fantus R, et al. Unsuspected upper cervical spine fractures associated with significant head trauma: role of CT. J Emerg Med 1990;8:183-98.
    • (1990) J Emerg Med , vol.8 , pp. 183-198
    • Kirshenbaum, K.J.1    Nadimpalli, S.R.2    Fantus, R.3
  • 106
    • 0029164829 scopus 로고
    • Substantial head trauma: Value of routine CT examination of the cervicocranium
    • Link TM, Schuierer G, Hufendiek A, Horch C, Peters PE. Substantial head trauma: value of routine CT examination of the cervicocranium. Radiology 1995;196:741-5.
    • (1995) Radiology , vol.196 , pp. 741-745
    • Link, T.M.1    Schuierer, G.2    Hufendiek, A.3    Horch, C.4    Peters, P.E.5
  • 108
    • 0030012066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The forgotten condyle: The appearance, morphology, and classification of the occipital condyle fractures
    • Noble ER, Smoker WRK. The forgotten condyle: the appearance, morphology, and classification of the occipital condyle fractures. Am J Neuroradiol 1996;17(3):507-13.
    • (1996) Am J Neuroradiol , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 507-513
    • Noble, E.R.1    Smoker, W.R.K.2
  • 109
    • 0033735240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fat C2 sign
    • Pellei DD. The fat C2 sign. Radiology 2000;217:359-60.
    • (2000) Radiology , vol.217 , pp. 359-360
    • Pellei, D.D.1
  • 110
    • 0033503580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is computed tomography of non-visualized C7-T1 cost-effective?
    • Tan E, Schweitzer ME, Vaccaro A, Spetell C. Is computed tomography of non-visualized C7-T1 cost-effective? J Spinal Disord 1999;12(6):472-6.
    • (1999) J Spinal Disord , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. 472-476
    • Tan, E.1    Schweitzer, M.E.2    Vaccaro, A.3    Spetell, C.4
  • 111
    • 0034296274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiography versus spiral CT in the evaluation of cervicothoracic junction injuries in polytrauma patients who have undergone intubation
    • Jelly LME, Evans DR Easty MJ, Coats TJ, Chan O. Radiography versus spiral CT in the evaluation of cervicothoracic junction injuries in polytrauma patients who have undergone intubation. Radiographics 2000;20:S251-9.
    • (2000) Radiographics , vol.20
    • Jelly, L.M.E.1    Evans Dr Easty, M.J.2    Coats, T.J.3    Chan, O.4
  • 112
    • 0029884894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cervical spine imaging in trauma patients: A simple scheme of rationalising arm traction using zonal divisions of the vertebral bodies
    • Ohiorenoya D, Hilton M, Oakland CD, et al. Cervical spine imaging in trauma patients: a simple scheme of rationalising arm traction using zonal divisions of the vertebral bodies. J Accid Emerg Med 1996;13:175-6.
    • (1996) J Accid Emerg Med , vol.13 , pp. 175-176
    • Ohiorenoya, D.1    Hilton, M.2    Oakland, C.D.3
  • 113
    • 0028240781 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of limited CT for non-visualized lower cervical spine in patients with blunt trauma
    • Tehranzadeh J, Bonk RT, Ansari A, et al. Efficacy of limited CT for non-visualized lower cervical spine in patients with blunt trauma. Skeletal Radiol 1994;23:349-52.
    • (1994) Skeletal Radiol , vol.23 , pp. 349-352
    • Tehranzadeh, J.1    Bonk, R.T.2    Ansari, A.3
  • 114
    • 0035081783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ligamentous injuries of the cervical spine in unreliable blunt trauma patients: Incidence, evaluation, and outcome
    • Chiu WC, Haan JM, Cushing BM, Kramer ME, Scalea TM. Ligamentous injuries of the cervical spine in unreliable blunt trauma patients: incidence, evaluation, and outcome. J Trauma 2001;50(3):457-64.
    • (2001) J Trauma , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 457-464
    • Chiu, W.C.1    Haan, J.M.2    Cushing, B.M.3    Kramer, M.E.4    Scalea, T.M.5
  • 115
    • 0033999717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-skeletal cervical spine injuries: Epidemiology and diagnostic pitfalls
    • Demetriades D, Charalambides K, Chahwan S, et al. Non-skeletal cervical spine injuries: epidemiology and diagnostic pitfalls. J Trauma 2000;48(4):724-7.
    • (2000) J Trauma , vol.48 , Issue.4 , pp. 724-727
    • Demetriades, D.1    Charalambides, K.2    Chahwan, S.3
  • 116
    • 0034885410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of cervical spine in intensive care patients following blunt trauma
    • Albrecht RM, Kingsley D, Schermer CR, et al. Evaluation of cervical spine in intensive care patients following blunt trauma. World J Surg 2001;25(8):1089-96.
    • (2001) World J Surg , vol.25 , Issue.8 , pp. 1089-1096
    • Albrecht, R.M.1    Kingsley, D.2    Schermer, C.R.3
  • 118
    • 0029828291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of patients with occult cervical spine injury
    • Benzel EC, Hart BL, Ball PA, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of patients with occult cervical spine injury. J Neurosurg 1996;85:824-9.
    • (1996) J Neurosurg , vol.85 , pp. 824-829
    • Benzel, E.C.1    Hart, B.L.2    Ball, P.A.3
  • 119
    • 0027653877 scopus 로고
    • Review of the role of magnetic resonance imaging in acute cervical spine injuries
    • Chee SG. Review of the role of magnetic resonance imaging in acute cervical spine injuries. Ann Acad Med 1993;22:757-61.
    • (1993) Ann Acad Med , vol.22 , pp. 757-761
    • Chee, S.G.1
  • 120
    • 0032701317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of the cervical spine in the comatose or obtunded trauma patient
    • D'Alise MD, Benzel EC, Hart BL. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of the cervical spine in the comatose or obtunded trauma patient. J Neurosurg 1999;91(Suppl 1):54-9.
    • (1999) J Neurosurg , vol.91 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 54-59
    • D'Alise, M.D.1    Benzel, E.C.2    Hart, B.L.3
  • 124
    • 0034798547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of cervical ligamentous injury in trauma patients using MRI
    • Geck MJ, Yoo S, Wang JC. Assessment of cervical ligamentous injury in trauma patients using MRI. J Spinal Disord 2001;14(5):371-7.
    • (2001) J Spinal Disord , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 371-377
    • Geck, M.J.1    Yoo, S.2    Wang, J.C.3
  • 126
    • 0023856333 scopus 로고
    • The impact of magnetic resonance on the diagnostic evaluation of acute cervicothoracic spinal trauma
    • Goldberg AL, Rothfus WE, Deeb ZL, et al. The impact of magnetic resonance on the diagnostic evaluation of acute cervicothoracic spinal trauma. Skeletal Radiol 1988;17:89-95.
    • (1988) Skeletal Radiol , vol.17 , pp. 89-95
    • Goldberg, A.L.1    Rothfus, W.E.2    Deeb, Z.L.3
  • 127
    • 0037689578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI assessment of the whole spine in acute spinal injury patients
    • Green RAR, Saifuddin A. MRI assessment of the whole spine in acute spinal injury patients. Skeletal Radiol 2000;29:486.
    • (2000) Skeletal Radiol , vol.29 , pp. 486
    • Green, R.A.R.1    Saifuddin, A.2
  • 128
    • 0038703871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI assessment of cervical spine ligaments in a non-traumatic population
    • Green R, Saifuddin A. MRI assessment of cervical spine ligaments in a non-traumatic population. ESSR Budapest 2001;105.
    • (2001) ESSR Budapest , pp. 105
    • Green, R.1    Saifuddin, A.2
  • 129
    • 0026612902 scopus 로고
    • Hyperextension-dislocation of the cervical spine
    • Harris JH, Yeakley JW. Hyperextension-dislocation of the cervical spine. J Bone Joint Surg 1992;74:567-70.
    • (1992) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.74 , pp. 567-570
    • Harris, J.H.1    Yeakley, J.W.2
  • 130
    • 0032886448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute cervical spine injuries: Prospective MR imaging assessment at a level 1 trauma center
    • Katzberg RW, Benedetti PF, Drake CM, et al. Acute cervical spine injuries: prospective MR imaging assessment at a level 1 trauma center. Radiology 1999;213(1): 203-12.
    • (1999) Radiology , vol.213 , Issue.1 , pp. 203-212
    • Katzberg, R.W.1    Benedetti, P.F.2    Drake, C.M.3
  • 131
    • 0035206050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should an MR scan be performed routinely after a normal clearance CT scan in the trauma patient? Experience with 59 cases
    • Kihiczak D, Novelline RA, Lawrason JN, Ptak T, Rhea JT, Sacknoff. Should an MR scan be performed routinely after a normal clearance CT scan in the trauma patient? Experience with 59 cases. Emerg Radiol 2001;8:276-8.
    • (2001) Emerg Radiol , vol.8 , pp. 276-278
    • Kihiczak, D.1    Novelline, R.A.2    Lawrason, J.N.3    Ptak, T.4    Rhea, J.T.5    Sacknoff6
  • 132
    • 0024121224 scopus 로고
    • 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging of acute spinal trauma
    • Kulkarni MV, Bondurant FJ, Rose SL, et al. 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging of acute spinal trauma. Radiographics 1988;8:1059-82.
    • (1988) Radiographics , vol.8 , pp. 1059-1082
    • Kulkarni, M.V.1    Bondurant, F.J.2    Rose, S.L.3
  • 133
    • 0027168209 scopus 로고
    • Neurological complications of the reduction of cervical spine dislocations
    • Mahale YJ, Silver JR, Henderson NJ. Neurological complications of the reduction of cervical spine dislocations. J Bone Joint Surg 1993;75:403-9.
    • (1993) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.75 , pp. 403-409
    • Mahale, Y.J.1    Silver, J.R.2    Henderson, N.J.3
  • 136
    • 0028082107 scopus 로고
    • The diagnostic value of MRI in traumatic brachial plexus injury
    • Ochi M, Ikuta Y, Watanabe M, Kimori K, Itoh K. The diagnostic value of MRI in traumatic brachial plexus injury. J Hand Surg 1994;19:55-9.
    • (1994) J Hand Surg , vol.19 , pp. 55-59
    • Ochi, M.1    Ikuta, Y.2    Watanabe, M.3    Kimori, K.4    Itoh, K.5
  • 138
    • 0035137757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR morphology of alar ligaments and occipitoatlantoaxial joints: Study in 50 asymptomatic subjects
    • Pfirrmann CWA, Binkert CA, Zanetti M, Boos N, Hodler J. MR morphology of alar ligaments and occipitoatlantoaxial joints: study in 50 asymptomatic subjects. Radiology 2001;218:133-7.
    • (2001) Radiology , vol.218 , pp. 133-137
    • Pfirrmann, C.W.A.1    Binkert, C.A.2    Zanetti, M.3    Boos, N.4    Hodler, J.5
  • 139
    • 0034970075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI detection of unsuspected vertebral injury in acute spinal trauma: Incidence and significance
    • Qaiyum M, Tyrrell PNM, McCall IW, Cassar-Pullicino VN. MRI detection of unsuspected vertebral injury in acute spinal trauma: incidence and significance. Skeletal Radiol 2001;30:299-304.
    • (2001) Skeletal Radiol , vol.30 , pp. 299-304
    • Qaiyum, M.1    Tyrrell, P.N.M.2    McCall, I.W.3    Cassar-Pullicino, V.N.4
  • 141
    • 0030728167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging correlation in acute spinal cord injury
    • Ramon S, Dominguez R, Ramirez L, Paraira M, Olona M, Castello T, et al. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging correlation in acute spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 1997;35:664-73.
    • (1997) Spinal Cord , vol.35 , pp. 664-673
    • Ramon, S.1    Dominguez, R.2    Ramirez, L.3    Paraira, M.4    Olona, M.5    Castello, T.6
  • 143
    • 0026515589 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of magnetic resonance imaging in the acute phase of cervical spine injury
    • Schaefer DM, Flanders AE, Osterholm JL, Northrup BE. Prognostic significance of magnetic resonance imaging in the acute phase of cervical spine injury. J Neurosurg 1992;76:218-23.
    • (1992) J Neurosurg , vol.76 , pp. 218-223
    • Schaefer, D.M.1    Flanders, A.E.2    Osterholm, J.L.3    Northrup, B.E.4
  • 144
    • 0026495611 scopus 로고
    • Prevertebral swelling in cervical spine injury: Identification of ligament injury with magnetic resonance imaging
    • Silberstein M, Tress BM, Hennessy O. Prevertebral swelling in cervical spine injury: identification of ligament injury with magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Radiol 1992;46:318-23.
    • (1992) Clin Radiol , vol.46 , pp. 318-323
    • Silberstein, M.1    Tress, B.M.2    Hennessy, O.3
  • 145
    • 0034767477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cervical spine: Postmortem assessment of accident injuries-comparison of radiographic, MR imaging, anatomic, and pathologic findings
    • Stabler A, Eck J, Penning R, Milz SP, Bartl R, Resnick D, et al. Cervical spine: postmortem assessment of accident injuries-comparison of radiographic, MR imaging, anatomic, and pathologic findings. Radiology 2001;221:340-6.
    • (2001) Radiology , vol.221 , pp. 340-346
    • Stabler, A.1    Eck, J.2    Penning, R.3    Milz, S.P.4    Bartl, R.5    Resnick, D.6
  • 147
    • 0030012061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging of ligamentous injury of the cervical spine
    • Warner J, Shanmuganathan K, Mirvis SE, Cerva D. Magnetic resonance imaging of ligamentous injury of the cervical spine. Emerg Radiol 1996;3(1):9-15.
    • (1996) Emerg Radiol , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-15
    • Warner, J.1    Shanmuganathan, K.2    Mirvis, S.E.3    Cerva, D.4
  • 148
    • 0030043267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinical magnetic resonance imaging study of the traumatised spinal cord more than 20 years following injury
    • Wang D, Bodley R, Sett P, Gardner B, Frankel H. A clinical magnetic resonance imaging study of the traumatised spinal cord more than 20 years following injury. Paraplegia 1996;34:65-81.
    • (1996) Paraplegia , vol.34 , pp. 65-81
    • Wang, D.1    Bodley, R.2    Sett, P.3    Gardner, B.4    Frankel, H.5
  • 149
    • 0032029503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR imaging of suspected acute spinal instability
    • Williams RL, Hardman JA, Lyons K. MR imaging of suspected acute spinal instability. Injury 1998;29(2): 109-13.
    • (1998) Injury , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-113
    • Williams, R.L.1    Hardman, J.A.2    Lyons, K.3
  • 151
    • 0031731607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal assessment of cervical spine trauma in critically ill patients: A prospective evaluation
    • Ajani AE, Cooper DJ, Scheinkestel CD, et al. Optimal assessment of cervical spine trauma in critically ill patients: a prospective evaluation. Anaesth Intensive Care 1998;26:487-91.
    • (1998) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.26 , pp. 487-491
    • Ajani, A.E.1    Cooper, D.J.2    Scheinkestel, C.D.3
  • 152
    • 0034991178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the Oxford protocol for total spinal clearance in the unconscious trauma patient
    • Brooks RA, Willett KM. Evaluation of the Oxford protocol for total spinal clearance in the unconscious trauma patient. J Trauma 2001;50(5):862-7.
    • (2001) J Trauma , vol.50 , Issue.5 , pp. 862-867
    • Brooks, R.A.1    Willett, K.M.2
  • 153
    • 0038027519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cervical spine instability: Clearance using +dynamic fluoroscopy
    • Cox MW, McCarthy M, Lemmon G, Wenker J. Cervical spine instability: clearance using +dynamic fluoroscopy. Curr Surg 2001;58(1):96-100.
    • (2001) Curr Surg , vol.58 , Issue.1 , pp. 96-100
    • Cox, M.W.1    McCarthy, M.2    Lemmon, G.3    Wenker, J.4
  • 154
    • 0028069469 scopus 로고
    • Videofluoroscopy in cervical spine trauma: An interinterpreter reliability study
    • Croft AC, Krage JS, Pate D, Young DN. Videofluoroscopy in cervical spine trauma: an interinterpreter reliability study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1994;17(1):20-4.
    • (1994) J Manipulative Physiol Ther , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-24
    • Croft, A.C.1    Krage, J.S.2    Pate, D.3    Young, D.N.4
  • 155
    • 0034955740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Routine evaluation of the cervical spine in head-injured patients with dynamic fluoroscopy: A reappraisal
    • Davis JW, Kaups KL, Cunningham MA, et al. Routine evaluation of the cervical spine in head-injured patients with dynamic fluoroscopy: a reappraisal. J Trauma 2001;50(6):1044-7.
    • (2001) J Trauma , vol.50 , Issue.6 , pp. 1044-1047
    • Davis, J.W.1    Kaups, K.L.2    Cunningham, M.A.3
  • 156
    • 0028820763 scopus 로고
    • Clearing the cervical spine in obtunded patients: The use of dynamic fluoroscopy
    • Davis JW, Parks SN, Detlefs CL, et al. Clearing the cervical spine in obtunded patients: the use of dynamic fluoroscopy. J Trauma 1995;39:435-8.
    • (1995) J Trauma , vol.39 , pp. 435-438
    • Davis, J.W.1    Parks, S.N.2    Detlefs, C.L.3
  • 157
    • 0033555714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kaneda K Dynamic motion analysis of normal and unstable cervical spines using cineradiography. An in vivo study
    • Hino H, Abumi K, Kanayama M, Kaneda K Dynamic motion analysis of normal and unstable cervical spines using cineradiography. An in vivo study. Spine 1999;24(2):163-8.
    • (1999) Spine , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 163-168
    • Hino, H.1    Abumi, K.2    Kanayama, M.3
  • 158
    • 0034298059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occult ligamentous injury of the cervical spine
    • Robert III KQ, Ricciardi EJ, Harris BM. Occult ligamentous injury of the cervical spine. South Med J 2000;93(10):974-6.
    • (2000) South Med J , vol.93 , Issue.10 , pp. 974-976
    • Robert K.Q. III1    Ricciardi, E.J.2    Harris, B.M.3
  • 159
    • 0031753511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of bedside fluoroscopy to evaluate the cervical spine in obtunded trauma patients
    • Sees DW, Rodriguez Cruz LR, Flaherty SF. The use of bedside fluoroscopy to evaluate the cervical spine in obtunded trauma patients. J Trauma 1998;45:768-71.
    • (1998) J Trauma , vol.45 , pp. 768-771
    • Sees, D.W.1    Rodriguez Cruz, L.R.2    Flaherty, S.F.3
  • 160
    • 0033816326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of unstable cervical spine injury: A 6-year experience
    • Brohi K, Wilson-Macdonald J. Evaluation of unstable cervical spine injury: a 6-year experience. J Trauma 2000;49(1):76-80.
    • (2000) J Trauma , vol.49 , Issue.1 , pp. 76-80
    • Brohi, K.1    Wilson-Macdonald, J.2
  • 161
    • 0027215947 scopus 로고
    • The etiology of missed cervical spine injuries
    • Davis JW, Phreaner DL, Hoyt DB, et al. The etiology of missed cervical spine injuries. J Trauma 1993;34:342-6.
    • (1993) J Trauma , vol.34 , pp. 342-346
    • Davis, J.W.1    Phreaner, D.L.2    Hoyt, D.B.3
  • 162
    • 0026356087 scopus 로고
    • Delayed diagnosis of cervical spine injuries
    • Gerrelts BD, Petersen EU, Mabry J, et al. Delayed diagnosis of cervical spine injuries. J Trauma 1991;31:1622-6.
    • (1991) J Trauma , vol.31 , pp. 1622-1626
    • Gerrelts, B.D.1    Petersen, E.U.2    Mabry, J.3
  • 163
    • 0025934753 scopus 로고
    • Unstable occult cervical-spine fracture
    • Mace SE. Unstable occult cervical-spine fracture. Ann Emerg Med 1991;20:1373-5.
    • (1991) Ann Emerg Med , vol.20 , pp. 1373-1375
    • Mace, S.E.1
  • 164
    • 0034956726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of plain radiography to screen for cervical spine injuries
    • Wolfson AB for the NEXUS Group
    • Mower WR, Hoffman JR, Pollack CV, Zucker MI, Browne BJ, Wolfson AB for the NEXUS Group. Use of plain radiography to screen for cervical spine injuries. Ann Emerg Med 2001;38(1):1-7.
    • (2001) Ann Emerg Med , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-7
    • Mower, W.R.1    Hoffman, J.R.2    Pollack, C.V.3    Zucker, M.I.4    Browne, B.J.5
  • 165
    • 0020062663 scopus 로고
    • Missed injuries of the spinal cord
    • Ravichandran G, Silver JR. Missed injuries of the spinal cord. Med Br J 1982;284:953-6.
    • (1982) Med Br J , vol.284 , pp. 953-956
    • Ravichandran, G.1    Silver, J.R.2
  • 166
    • 0023270919 scopus 로고
    • Etiology and clinical course of missed spine fractures
    • Reid DC, Henderson R, Saboe L, et al. Etiology and clinical course of missed spine fractures. J Trauma 1987;27:980-6.
    • (1987) J Trauma , vol.27 , pp. 980-986
    • Reid, D.C.1    Henderson, R.2    Saboe, L.3
  • 167
    • 0026630505 scopus 로고
    • Is the cervical spine clear? Undetected cervical fractures diagnosed only at autopsy
    • Sweeney JF, Rosemurgy AS, Gill S, et al. Is the cervical spine clear? Undetected cervical fractures diagnosed only at autopsy. Ann Emerg Med 1992;21:1288-90.
    • (1992) Ann Emerg Med , vol.21 , pp. 1288-1290
    • Sweeney, J.F.1    Rosemurgy, A.S.2    Gill, S.3
  • 168
    • 0032917416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of pediatric cervical spine injuries
    • Baker C, Kadish H, Schunk JE. Evaluation of pediatric cervical spine injuries. Am J Emerg Med 1999;17:230-4.
    • (1999) Am J Emerg Med , vol.17 , pp. 230-234
    • Baker, C.1    Kadish, H.2    Schunk, J.E.3
  • 169
    • 0028843667 scopus 로고
    • Pediatric cervical-spine immobilization: Achieving neutral position?
    • Curran C, Dietrich AM, Bowman MJ, Ginn-Pease ME, et al. Pediatric cervical-spine immobilization: achieving neutral position? J Trauma 1995;39(4):729-32.
    • (1995) J Trauma , vol.39 , Issue.4 , pp. 729-732
    • Curran, C.1    Dietrich, A.M.2    Bowman, M.J.3    Ginn-Pease, M.E.4
  • 170
    • 0024564264 scopus 로고
    • Emergency transport and positioning of young children who have an injury of the cervical spine. The standard backboard may be hazardous
    • Herzenberg JE, Hensinger RN, Dedrick DK, Phillips WA. Emergency transport and positioning of young children who have an injury of the cervical spine. The standard backboard may be hazardous. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1989;71(1):15-22.
    • (1989) J Bone Joint Surg [Am] , vol.71 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-22
    • Herzenberg, J.E.1    Hensinger, R.N.2    Dedrick, D.K.3    Phillips, W.A.4
  • 171
    • 0023156367 scopus 로고
    • Developing a clinical algorithm for early management of cervical spine injury in child trauma victims
    • Jaffe DM, Binns H, Radkowski MA, Barthel MJ, et al. Developing a clinical algorithm for early management of cervical spine injury in child trauma victims. Ann Emerg Med 1987;16(3):270-6.
    • (1987) Ann Emerg Med , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 270-276
    • Jaffe, D.M.1    Binns, H.2    Radkowski, M.A.3    Barthel, M.J.4
  • 172
    • 0035187966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using CT of the cervical spine for early evaluation of paediatric patients with head trauma
    • Keenan HT, Hollinshead MC, Chung CJ, Ziglar MK. Using CT of the cervical spine for early evaluation of paediatric patients with head trauma. Am J Roentgenol 2001;177:1405-9.
    • (2001) Am J Roentgenol , vol.177 , pp. 1405-1409
    • Keenan, H.T.1    Hollinshead, M.C.2    Chung, C.J.3    Ziglar, M.K.4
  • 173
    • 0031744832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI in the assessment of the supportive soft tissues of the cervical spine in acute trauma in children
    • Keiper MD, Zimmerman RA, Bilaniuk LT. MRI in the assessment of the supportive soft tissues of the cervical spine in acute trauma in children. Neuroradiology 1998;40:359-63.
    • (1998) Neuroradiology , vol.40 , pp. 359-363
    • Keiper, M.D.1    Zimmerman, R.A.2    Bilaniuk, L.T.3
  • 174
    • 0028046008 scopus 로고
    • Predictive factors of the outcome of traumatic cervical spine fracture in children
    • Nitecki S, Moir CR. Predictive factors of the outcome of traumatic cervical spine fracture in children. J Pediatr Surg 1994;29(11):1409-11.
    • (1994) J Pediatr Surg , vol.29 , Issue.11 , pp. 1409-1411
    • Nitecki, S.1    Moir, C.R.2
  • 175
    • 0019967223 scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormalities in children
    • Pang D, Wilberger JE. Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormalities in children. J Neurosurg 1882;57:114-29.
    • (1882) J Neurosurg , vol.57 , pp. 114-129
    • Pang, D.1    Wilberger, J.E.2
  • 176
    • 0024347943 scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality in children: The SCIWORA syndrome
    • Pang D, Pollack IF. Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality in children: the SCIWORA syndrome. J Trauma 1989;29:654-64.
    • (1989) J Trauma , vol.29 , pp. 654-664
    • Pang, D.1    Pollack, I.F.2
  • 177
    • 0023115850 scopus 로고
    • Clinical prediction of cervical spine injuries in children. Radiographic abnormalities
    • Rachesky I, Boyce WT, Duncan B, et al. Clinical prediction of cervical spine injuries in children. Radiographic abnormalities. Am J Dis Child 1987;141:199-201.
    • (1987) Am J Dis Child , vol.141 , pp. 199-201
    • Rachesky, I.1    Boyce, W.T.2    Duncan, B.3
  • 180
    • 0032996674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pseudosubluxation of C2 on C3 in polytraumatized children-prevalence and significance
    • Shaw M, Burnett H, Chan O. Pseudosubluxation of C2 on C3 in polytraumatized children-prevalence and significance. Clin Radiol 1999;54:377-80.
    • (1999) Clin Radiol , vol.54 , pp. 377-380
    • Shaw, M.1    Burnett, H.2    Chan, O.3
  • 181
    • 0017345635 scopus 로고
    • Anterior displacement of C2 in children: Physiologic or pathologic?
    • Swischuk LE. Anterior displacement of C2 in children: physiologic or pathologic? Pediatr Radiol 1977;122:759-63.
    • (1977) Pediatr Radiol , vol.122 , pp. 759-763
    • Swischuk, L.E.1
  • 182
    • 0029737118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed diagnosis of thoracolumbar fractures in multiple-trauma patients
    • Anderson S, Biros MH, Reardon RF. Delayed diagnosis of thoracolumbar fractures in multiple-trauma patients. J Acad Emerg Radiol 1996;3(9):832-9.
    • (1996) J Acad Emerg Radiol , vol.3 , Issue.9 , pp. 832-839
    • Anderson, S.1    Biros, M.H.2    Reardon, R.F.3
  • 183
    • 0028850545 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the thoracic and lumbar spine after blunt trauma
    • Durham RM, Luchtefeld WB, Wibbenmeyer L, Maxwell P, et al. Evaluation of the thoracic and lumbar spine after blunt trauma. Am J Surg 1995;170(6):681-4.
    • (1995) Am J Surg , vol.170 , Issue.6 , pp. 681-684
    • Durham, R.M.1    Luchtefeld, W.B.2    Wibbenmeyer, L.3    Maxwell, P.4
  • 184
    • 0027973355 scopus 로고
    • Indications for obtaining surveillance thoracic and lumbar spine radiographs
    • Frankel HL, Rozycki GS, Ochsner MG, Harviel JD, et al. Indications for obtaining surveillance thoracic and lumbar spine radiographs. J Trauma 1994;37(4):673-6.
    • (1994) J Trauma , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. 673-676
    • Frankel, H.L.1    Rozycki, G.S.2    Ochsner, M.G.3    Harviel, J.D.4
  • 185
    • 0029592051 scopus 로고
    • Thoracolumbar spine fractures: Clinical presentation and the effect of altered sensorium and major injury
    • Meldon SW, Moettus LN. Thoracolumbar spine fractures: clinical presentation and the effect of altered sensorium and major injury. J Trauma 1995;39(6):1110-4.
    • (1995) J Trauma , vol.39 , Issue.6 , pp. 1110-1114
    • Meldon, S.W.1    Moettus, L.N.2
  • 186
    • 0008311392 scopus 로고
    • Thoracolumbar spine trauma. I. Evaluation and classification
    • Spivak JM, Vaccaro AR, Cotler JM. Thoracolumbar spine trauma. I. Evaluation and classification. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 1995;3(6):345-52.
    • (1995) J Am Acad Orthop Surg , vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp. 345-352
    • Spivak, J.M.1    Vaccaro, A.R.2    Cotler, J.M.3
  • 188
    • 0030922413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injury of the posterior ligament complex in patients with acute spinal trauma: Evaluation by MR imaging
    • Terk MR, Hume-Neal M, Fraipont M, Ahmadi J, Colletti PM. Injury of the posterior ligament complex in patients with acute spinal trauma: evaluation by MR imaging. Am J Roentgenol 1997;168:1481-6.
    • (1997) Am J Roentgenol , vol.168 , pp. 1481-1486
    • Terk, M.R.1    Hume-Neal, M.2    Fraipont, M.3    Ahmadi, J.4    Colletti, P.M.5
  • 189
    • 0031731607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal assessment of cervical spine trauma in critically ill patients: A prospective evaluation
    • Ajani AE, Cooper DJ, Scheinkestel CD, et al. Optimal assessment of cervical spine trauma in critically ill patients: a prospective evaluation. Anaesth Intensive Care 1998;26:487-91.
    • (1998) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.26 , pp. 487-491
    • Ajani, A.E.1    Cooper, D.J.2    Scheinkestel, C.D.3
  • 190
    • 0033779035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the acute cervical spine: A management algorithm
    • Banit DM, Grau G, Fisher JR. Evaluation of the acute cervical spine: a management algorithm. J Trauma 2000;49(3):450-6.
    • (2000) J Trauma , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 450-456
    • Banit, D.M.1    Grau, G.2    Fisher, J.R.3
  • 191
    • 0032967995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cervical spine imaging in patients with trauma: Determination of fracture risk to optimize use
    • Blackmore C, Emerson SS, Mann FA, Koepsell TD. Cervical spine imaging in patients with trauma: determination of fracture risk to optimize use. Radiology 1999;211:759-65.
    • (1999) Radiology , vol.211 , pp. 759-765
    • Blackmore, C.1    Emerson, S.S.2    Mann, F.A.3    Koepsell, T.D.4
  • 192
    • 0033816326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of unstable cervical spine injury: A 6-year experience
    • Brohi K, Wilson-Macdonald J. Evaluation of unstable cervical spine injury: a 6-year experience. J Trauma 2000;49(1):76-80.
    • (2000) J Trauma , vol.49 , Issue.1 , pp. 76-80
    • Brohi, K.1    Wilson-Macdonald, J.2
  • 193
    • 0025860321 scopus 로고
    • Exclusion of cervical spine injury: A prospective study
    • Cohn SM, Lyle WG, Linden CH, et al. Exclusion of cervical spine injury: a prospective study. J Trauma 1991;31:570-4.
    • (1991) J Trauma , vol.31 , pp. 570-574
    • Cohn, S.M.1    Lyle, W.G.2    Linden, C.H.3
  • 194
    • 0038027516 scopus 로고
    • The impact of a cervical spine radiographic protocol on cost and prophylactic spinal immobilization
    • Gabram SGA, Schwartz RJ, Jacobs LM. The impact of a cervical spine radiographic protocol on cost and prophylactic spinal immobilization. Ann Emerg Med 1989;18:453.
    • (1989) Ann Emerg Med , vol.18 , pp. 453
    • Gabram, S.G.A.1    Schwartz, R.J.2    Jacobs, L.M.3
  • 195
    • 0034002503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cervical spine injury: A clinical decision rule to identify high-risk patients for helical CT screening
    • Hanson JA, Blackmore CC, Mann FA, Wilson AJ. Cervical spine injury: a clinical decision rule to identify high-risk patients for helical CT screening. Am J Roentgenol 2000;174:713-8.
    • (2000) Am J Roentgenol , vol.174 , pp. 713-718
    • Hanson, J.A.1    Blackmore, C.C.2    Mann, F.A.3    Wilson, A.J.4
  • 197
    • 77951503045 scopus 로고
    • Clearing the cervical spine in multiple trauma victims: A time-effective protocol using helical computed tomography
    • Nunez DB, Ahmad AA, Coin CG, LeBlang S, Becerra JL, Henry R, et al. Clearing the cervical spine in multiple trauma victims: a time-effective protocol using helical computed tomography. Emerg Radiol 1994;1: 273-8.
    • (1994) Emerg Radiol , vol.1 , pp. 273-278
    • Nunez, D.B.1    Ahmad, A.A.2    Coin, C.G.3    LeBlang, S.4    Becerra, J.L.5    Henry, R.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.