The effect of low protein supplementation to dairy cows grazing clover grass during half of the day

Livestock Production Science

Volumn 81, Issue 2-3, 2003, Pages 293-306

  Nielsen, Niels Martin ^a   Kristensen, Troels ^a   Nørgaard, Peder ^b   Hansen, Hanne ^b  

^a DANISH INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES   (Denmark)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Environment; Milk urea; Milk yield; Nitrogen; Restricted grazing time

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; BOS TAURUS; TRIFOLIUM;

EID: 0037609615     PISSN: 03016226     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0301-6226(02)00229-4     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Aaman, P., Hesselman, K., 1984. Analysis of starch and other main constituents of cereal grains. Swedish J. Agric. Res. 14, 135-139.
2. Aarts, H.F.M., Biewinga, E.E., van Kuelen, H., 1992. Dairy farming systems based on efficient nutrient management. Netherlands J. Agric. Sci. 40, 285-299.
3. AOAC, 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists International. 15th Edition, Washington, DC.
4. Carlsson, J., Pehrson, B., 1994. The influence of dietary balance between energy and protein on milk urea concentration. Acta Vet. Scand. 35, 193-205.
5. Ellermann, N., 1999. FO-meddelelse 10/99. Danish Plant Directorate. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, 3 pp.
6. Gonda, H., Lindberg, J., 1994. Evaluation af dietary nitrogen utilization in dairy cows based on urea concentrations in blood, urine and milk, and on urinary concentration of purine derivatives. Acta Agri. Scand. Sect. A. 44, 236-245.
7. Gustafsson, A., Palmquist, D., 1993. Diurnal variation of rumen ammonia, serum urea and milk urea in dairy cows at high and low yield. J. Dairy Sci. 76, 475-484.
8. Heady, H.F., Child, R.D., 1994. In: Rangeland Ecology and Management. Westview Press, Oxford, p. 519 pp.
9. Hvelplund, T., Beck, H., Weisbjerg, M.R. 1999. Proteinudnyttelse under afgræsning. I: Temamøde vedr. malkekøernes og kviernes ernæring. [Protein utilization during grazing. In: Subject meeting about dairy cattle and heifers nutrition] Internal Report No. 118. Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, pp. 41-48.
10. Hvelplund, T., Weishjerg, M.R., 2000. In situ techniques for the estimation of protein degradability and postrumen availability. In: Givens, D.I., Oven, E., Axford, R.F.E., Omed, H.M. (Eds.), Forage Evaluation in Ruminant Nutrition. CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 233-258.
11. Jacobsen, E.E., 1981. Sukker og stivelse (LHK). Ny analysemetode. [Sugar and starch. New method of analysis]. Biotek. Inst. ATV Meddelelse 98, 39-54.
12. Kalscheur, K.F., Vandersall, J.H., Erdman, R.A., Kohn, R.A., Russek-Cohen, E., 1999. Effects of dietary crude protein concentration and degradability on milk production responses on early, mid, and late lactation dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 82, 454-554.
13. Kristensen, T., Kristensen, I.S., 1993. Management of grass/clover continuously grazed with dairy cows. Management tools. In: Frame, J., Søegaard, K. (Eds.), Proceeding: The White Clover Meeting of the FAO Sub-Network on Lowland Pastures and Foddercrops, 25-27 August 1993, Århus, Denmark, 7 pp.
14. Kristensen, V.F., 1995. Forudsigelse af foderoptagelsen hos malkekøer. [Predicting feed intake in dairy cattle.] Internal Report No. 61. Danish Institute of Animal Science, 28 pp.
15. Kristensen, V.F., 1997. Optimal proteinforsyning. I: Malkekøerne ernæring. Aktuel forskning vedrørende protein- og kulhydratomsætning. [Optimal protein supply. In: Dairy Nutrition. Actual research in protein- and carbohydrate transformation.] Internal Report No. 88. Danish Institute of Animal Science, pp. 46-55.
16. Kristensen, T., Aaes, O. 1998. Suppleringsfoder til malkekøer ved afgræsning i reguleret stoffold. [Supplementary feeding of dairy cows at continuous grazing.]. DIAS Report. Animal Husbandry No. 3, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 39 pp.
17. Kristensen, V.F., Ohlsson, C. 1996. Udnyttelse af kvælstof og energi i kvægbrug ? Køerne. I: Temadag om grovfoder. [Utilization of nitrogen and energy in dairy industry ? Cows. In: Subjectday on forage.] SP Report No. 19, Danish Institute of Plant Science, pp. 51-56.
18. Kristensen, V.F., Aaes, O., 1989. Foderniveauets betydning for fodereffektiviteten. [The effect of feeding level on feed efficiency.] Beretning No. 660 Danish Institute of Animal Science, pp. 10-44.
19. Krober, T.F., Steingass, H., Funk, R., Drochner, W., 1999. Einflusse unterschiedlicher Rohproteingehalte in der Ration auf Grundfutteraufnahme, Verdaulichkeit, N-Ausscheidungen und Leistung von Milchkuhen uber den Zeitraum einer Laktation. [Effects of reduced crude protein supply on dry matter intake, digestibility. N-excretion and performance of dairy cows in a lactation period.]. Zuechtungskunde (Germany) 71, 182-195.
20. Kuipers, A., Mandersloot, F., 1999. Reducing nutrient losses on dairy farms in the Netherlands, Livest. Prod. Sci. 61, 139-144.
21. Madsen, J., Hvelplund, T., Weisbjerg, M.R., Bertilsson, J., Ohlsson, I., Spröndly, R., Harstad, O.M., Volden, H., Tuoro, M., Varvikko, T., Huhtanen, P., Olafsson, B.L., 1995. The AAT/PBV protein evaluation system for ruminants. A revision. Norwegian J. Agric. Sci. Suppl. 19, 37.
22. McDonald, P., Edwards, R.A., Greenhalgh, J.F.D., Morgan, C.A., 1995. In: Animal Nutrition, 5th Edition. Longman Scientific and Technical, London, 586 pp.
23. Mould, F., 1990. A note on the use of a rising plate meter to estimate herbage yield. Norwegian J. Agric. Sci. 4, 111-117.
24. Nielsen, N.M., Kristensen, T. 2001. Malkekøernes kvælstofudskillelse og udnyttelse på besætningsniveau ? analyse af data fra studielandbrng. [Nitrogen excretion and efficiency from dairy cows at herd level on practising dairy farms in Denmark.] DIAS Report. Animal Husbandry No. 33, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 39 pp.
25. Nocek, J.E., Russell, J.B., 1988. Protein and energy as an integrated system. Relationship of ruminal protein and carbohydrate availability to microbial synthesis and milk production. J. Dairy Sci. 71, 2070-2107.
26. Oltner, R., Bengtsson, S., Larsson, K., 1985. Flow injection analysis for the determination of urea in cow's milk. Acta Vet. Scand. 26, 396-404.
27. Poulsen, H.D. and Kristensen, V.F. (Eds.), 1998. Standard values for farm manure. A revaluation of the Danish standard values concerning the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of manure. DIAS Report Animal Husbandry No. 7, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 160 pp.
28. Reeves, M., Fulkerson, W.J., Kellaway, R.C., Dove, H., 1996. A comparison of three techniques to determine the herbage intake of dairy cows grazing kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) pasture. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 36, 23-30.
29. Ropstad, E.,Vik-Mo, L., Refsdal, A.O., 1989. Levels of milk urea, plasma constituents and rumen liquid ammonia in relation to feeding of dairy cows during early lactation. Acta Vet. Scand. 30, 199-208.
30. SAS, 1990. SAS Users Guide; Statistics. Version 6. Edition. SAS Institute, USA.
31. Shabi, Z., Arieli, A., Bruckental, I., Aharoni, Y., Zamwel, S., Bor, A., Tagari, H., 1998. Effect of the synchronization of the degradation of dietary crude protein and organic matter and feeding frequency on ruminal fermentation and flow of digesta in the abomasum of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 81, 1991-2000.
32. Sjaunja, L.O., Baevre, L., Junkkarinen, L., Pedersen, J., Setälä, J., 1990. In: A Nordic Proposal for an Energy Corrected Milk (ECM) Formula. 27th Session. ICRPMA. 2-6 July 1990, Paris.
33. Strudsholm, F., Aaes, O., Madsen, J., Foldager, J., Kristensen, V.F., Andersen, R.F., Hvelplund, T., Østergaard, S., 1999. Danske fodernormer til kvæg [Danish feed recommendations for cattle.] Report No. 84. The Danish Agricultural Advisory Centre, Skejby, 47 pp.
34. Søegaard, K., Aaes, O., 1996. Afgræsning med malkekøer. I: Temadag om grovfoder. [Grazing with dairy cows. In: Subject-day on forage.] SP Report No. 19, Danish Institute of Plant Science, pp 13-24.
35. Tamminga, S., 1996. A review on environmental impacts of nutritional strategies in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 74, 3112-3214.
36. Tilley, J.M.A., Terry, R.A., 1963. A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. J. Br. Grassl. Soc. 18, 104-111.
37. Valk, H., 1995. Buffer feeding grass with maize in the Netherlands. Institute for Animal Science and Health, Lelystad, The Netherlands, Unpublished, 5 pp.
38. Van Vuuren, A.M., Meijs, J.A., 1987. Effects and herbage composition and supplement feeding on the excretion and nitrogen in dung and urine by grazing dairy. In: Van der Meer, H, Unwin, R., Van Dijk, G., Ennik, G., Eds. Animal Manure on Grassland and Fodder Crops. Fertilizer or Waste? Martinus Mijhoff, Wageningen, Netherlands, pp. 17-25.
39. Wanjaiya, G.W., Wales, W.J., Dellow, D.W., 1993. Utilization of white clover pasture and maize silage by the lactating dairy cow. Proc. New Zealand Soc. Anim. Prod. 53, 73-75.
40. Weisbjerg, M.R., 1997. Recirkulering af kvælstof til vommen. I: Malkekøerne ernæring. Aktuel forskning vedrørende protein-og kulhydratomsætning. [Recirculation of rumen nitrogen. In: Dairy Nutrition. Actual research in protein and carbohydrate transformation.] Internal Report No. 88. Danish Institute of Animal Science, pp. 18-29.
41. Weisbjerg, M.R., Hvelplund, T., 1993. Estimation of net energy content (FU) in feeds for cattle. Research Report No. 3, Danish Institute of Animal Science, 39 pp.
42. Westwood, C.T., Lean, I.J., Kellaway, R.C., 1998. Indications and implications for testing of milk urea in dairy cattle: A quantitative review. Part 1. Dietary protein sources and metabolism. New Zealand Vet. J. 46, 87-96.