Body fat and condition in sperm whales, Physeter macrocephalus, from southern Australian waters

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - A Molecular and Integrative Physiology

Volumn 134, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 847-862

  Evans, Karen ^a,c   Hindell, Mark A ^a   Thiele, Deborah ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA   (Australia)

^b DEAKIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c CSIRO   (Australia)

Author keywords

Australia; Blubber lipid content; Blubber thickness; Body fat condition; Mass stranding; Physeter macrocephalus; Southern Ocean; Sperm whale

Indexed keywords

LIPID; WATER;

AGE; ANIMAL HEALTH; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; BODY FAT; BODY HEIGHT; BODY SIZE; ECOLOGY; ENERGY; FEMALE; FORAGING; FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; GENDER; LIPID ANALYSIS; LIPID METABOLISM; LIPID STORAGE; MALE; MEASUREMENT; NONHUMAN; OCEAN ENVIRONMENT; PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; SEASHORE; SOCIAL STRUCTURE; STRATIFICATION; STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; THERMOREGULATION; THICKNESS; WHALE;

CETACEA; MACROCEPHALUS; PHYSETER CATODON; PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS; PHYSETERIDAE;

EID: 0037603317     PISSN: 10956433     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1095-6433(03)00045-X     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Abarnou A., Robineau D., Michel P. Contamination par les organochlorés des dauphins de Commerson des îles Kerguelen. Oceanol. Acta. 9:1986;19-29.
2. Ackman R.G., Hingley J.H., Eaton C.A., Logan V.H., Odense P.H. Layering and tissue composition in the blubber of the northwest Atlantic sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis). Can. J. Zool. 53:1975;1340-1344.
3. Ackman R.G., Hingley J.H., Eaton C.A., Sipos J.C. Blubber fat deposition in mysticeti whales. Can. J. Zool. 53:1975;1332-1339.
4. Aguilar A. Organochlorine pollution in sperm whales, Physeter macrocephalus, from temperate waters of the eastern North Atlantic. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 14:1983;349-352.
5. Aguilar, A., Borrell, A., 1990. Patterns of lipid content and stratification in the blubber of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus). J. Mamm. 71(4), 544-554.
6. Aguilar A., Borrell A., Pastor T. Biological factors affecting variability of persistent pollutant levels in cetaceans. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 1:1999;83-116 special issue.
7. Amos B., Bloch D., Desportes G., et al. A review of molecular evidence relating to social organisation and breeding system in the long-finned pilot whale. Rep. Int. Whal. Comm. 14:1993;209-218 special issue.
8. Ash C.F. Variation in blubber thickness with length in fin whales. Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende. 10:1956;550-554.
9. Bedard J. The Use of Dietary Lipids as Food Web Tracers in Sperm Whales (Physeter macrocephalus), Graduate Diploma Thesis. 1998;Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania.
10. Best N.J., Bradshaw C.J.A., Hindell M.A., Nichols P.D. Vertical stratification of fatty acids in the blubber of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina): implications for diet analysis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. 134:2003;253-263.
11. Best P.B. Social organization in sperm whales, Physeter macrocephalus. Winn H.E., Olla B.L. Behaviour of Marine Animals, Current Perspectives in Research 3. 1979;227-289 Plenum Press, New York.
12. Best P.B., Canham P.A.S., MacLeod N. Patterns of reproduction in sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus. Rep. Int. Whal. Comm. 6):1984;51-79 special issue.
13. Bloch D., Lockyer C., Zachariassen M. Age and growth parameters of the long-finned pilot whale off the Faroe Islands. Rep. Int. Whal. Comm. 14:1993;163-208 special issue.
14. Borrell, A., 1993. PCB and DDTs in blubber of cetaceans from the northeastern North Atlantic. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 26(3), 146-151.
15. Boyd I.L., McCann T.S. Pre-natal investment in reproduction by female Antarctic fur seals. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 24:1989;377-385.
16. Caughley G. Analysis of Vertebrate Populations. 1977;John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York.
17. Clarke R., Paliza O., Aguayo L.A. Sperm whales of the southeast Pacific. Part IV: fatness, food and feeding. Invest. Cetacea. 21:1988;53-195.
18. Evans, K., Morrice, M., Hindell, M., Thiele, D., 2002. Three mass strandings of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in southern Australian waters. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 18(3), 622-643.
19. Evans K., Robertson K. A note on the preparation of sperm whale teeth (Physeter macrocephalus) for age determination. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 3:2001;101-107.
20. Fredheim B., Holen S., Ugland K.I., Grahl-Nielsen O. Fatty acid composition in blubber, heart and brain from phocid seals. Blix A.S., Walløe L., Ulltang Ø. Whales, Seals, Fish and Man. 1995;153-168 Elsevier Science, BV.
21. Gambell R. Sperm whales off Durban. Disc. Rep. 35:1972;199-358.
22. Geraci J.R., Lounsbury V.J. Marine Mammals Ashore. A Field Guide for Strandings. 1993;Texas A&M University Sea Grant Program, Galveston.
23. Guinet C., Roux J.P., Bonnet M., Mison V. Effect of body size, body mass, and body condition on reproduction of female South African fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus) in Namibia. Can. J. Zool. 76:1998;1418-1424.
24. Hanks J. Characterisation of population condition. Fowler C.W., Smith T.D. Dynamics of Large Mammal Populations. 1981;47-73 John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York.
25. Henry J., Best P.B. Organochlorine residues in whales landed at Durban, South Africa. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 14:1983;223-227.
26. Holsbeek L., Joiris C.R., Debacker V., et al. Heavy metals, organochlorines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sperm whales stranded in the southern North Sea during 1994/1995 winter. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 38:1999;304-313.
27. Hooker S.K., Iverson S.J., Ostrom P., Smith S.C. Diet of northern bottlenose whales inferred from fatty-acid and stable-isotope analyses of biopsy samples. Can. J. Zool. 79:2001;1442-1454.
28. Iverson S.J. Blubber. Perrin W.F., Würsig B., Thewissen J.G.M. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. 2002;107-112 Academic Press, San Diego.
29. Jaquet N., Dawson S., Slooten E. Seasonal distribution and diving behaviour of male sperm whales off Kaikoura: foraging implications. Can. J. Zool. 78:2000;407419.
30. Jauniaux, T., Brosens, L., Jacquinet, E., Lambrigts, D., Coignoul, F., 1997. Pathological investigations on sperm whales stranded on the Belgian and Dutch coasts. Bull. Inst. R. Sci. Nat. Belg. 67(Suppl.), 63-67.
31. Jönssen I. Capital and income breeding as alternative tactics of resource used in reproduction. Oikos. 78:1997;57-66.
32. Klem A. Contributions to the study of whale oils. Studies in the biochemistry of whale oils. Hvalradets Skrifter. 11:1935;49-108.
33. Koopman H.N. Topographical distribution of the blubber of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena). J. Mamm. 79:1998;260-270.
34. Koopman H.N., Iverson S.J., Gaskin D.E. Stratification and age-related differences in blubber fatty acids of the male harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). J. Comp. Physiol. B. 165:1996;628-639.
35. Law R.J., Stringer R.L., Allchin C.R., Jones B.R. Metals and organochlorines in sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) stranded around the North Sea during the 1994/1995 winter. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 32:1996;72-77.
36. Lockyer C. A theoretical approach to the balance between growth and food consumption in fin and sei whales, with special reference to the female reproductive cycle. Rep. Int. Whal. Comm. 28:1978;243-249.
37. Lockyer C. Growth and energy budgets of large baleen whales from the Southern Hemisphere. Mammals in the Sea, vol. 3, FAO Fisheries Series, No 5. 1981;379-487.
38. Lockyer C. Estimates of growth and energy budget for the sperm whale, Physeter catadon. Mammals in the Sea, vol. 3, FAO Fisheries Series. 1981;489-504.
39. Lockyer C. Body fat condition in Northeast Atlantic fin whales Balaenoptera physalus and its relationship with reproduction and food resource. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43:1986;142-147.
40. Lockyer C. Evaluation of the role of fat reserves in relation to the ecology of north Atlantic fin and sei whales. Huntley A.C., Costa D.P., Worthy A.J., Castellini M.A. Approaches to Marine Mammal Energetics, Marine Mammal Society Special Publication No 1. 1987;183-203.
41. Lockyer C. Body composition of the sperm whale Physeter catadon, with special reference to the possible functions of fat depots. Rit Fiskideildar. 12:1991;1-24.
42. Lockyer C. Seasonal changes in body fat condition of northeast Atlantic pilot whales, and their biological significance. Rep. Int. Whal. Comm. 14:1993;325-350 special issue.
43. Lockyer C. Aspects of the morphology, body fat condition and biology of the harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, in British waters. Rep. Int. Whal. Comm. 16:1995;199-209 special issue.
44. Lockyer C.H., Brown S.G. The migration of whales. Aidley D.J. Animal Migration, Society for Experimental Biology Seminar Series 13. 1981;105-137 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
45. Lockyer C.H., McConnell L.C., Waters T.D. The biochemical composition of fin whale blubber. Can. J. Zool. 62:1984;2553-2562.
46. Lockyer C.H., McConnell L.C., Waters T.D. Body condition in terms of anatomical and biochemical assessment of body fat in North Atlantic fin and sei whales. Can. J. Zool. 63:1985;2328-2338.
47. Lunn N.J., Boyd I.L. Effects of maternal age and condition on parturition and the perinatal period of Antarctic fur seals. J. Zool. Lond. 229:1993;55-67.
48. Manly F.J. Randomization, Bootstrap and Monte Carlo Methods in Biology. 1997;Chapman and Hall, London.
49. Norris K.S. Standardized methods for measuring and recording data on the smaller cetaceans. J. Mamm. 42:1961;471-476.
50. Oftedal O.T. Lactation in whales and dolphins: evidence of divergence between baleen and toothed species. J. Mamm. Gland Biol. 2:1997;205-230.
51. Ohsumi S. Some investigations on the school structure of sperm whale. Sci. Rep. Whales Res. Inst. 23:1971;1-25.
52. Pond C.M. Physiological and ecological importance of energy storage in the evolution of lactation: evidence for a common pattern of anatomical organisation of adipose tissue in mammals. Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. 51:1984;1-32.
53. Read A.J. Estimation of body condition in harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena. Can. J. Zool. 68:1990;1962-1966.
54. Read A.J. Age at sexual maturity and pregnancy rates of harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, from the Bay of Fundy. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 47:1990;561-565.
55. Read A.J., Hohn A.A. Life in the fast lane: the life history of harbour porpoises from the Gulf of Maine. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 11:1995;423-440.
56. Richard K.R., Dillon M.C., Whitehead H., Wright J.M. Patterns of kinship in groups of free-living sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) revealed by multiple molecular genetic analyses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93:1996;8792-8795.
57. Slijper E.J. On the thickness of the layer of blubber in Antarctic blue and fin whales. I. Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wet. 51:1948;1033-1045.
58. Trites A.W. Fetal growth of northern fur seals: life history strategy and sources of variation. Can. J. Zool. 69:1991;893-913.
59. Wells, D.E., McKenzie, C., Ross, H.M., 1997. Patterns of organic contaminants in marine mammals with reference to sperm whale strandings. Bull. Inst. R. Sci. Nat. Belg. 67(Suppl.), 91-104.
60. Whitehead H., Waters S., Lyrholm T. Social organization of female sperm whales and their offspring: constant companions and casual acquaintances. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 29:1991;385-389.
61. Worthy, G.A.J., Edwards, E.F., 1990. Morphometric and biochemical factors affecting heat loss in a small temperate cetacean (Phocoena phocoena) and small tropical cetacean (Stenella attenuata). Physiol. Zool. 62(2), 432-442.