Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia

Nature

Volumn 423, Issue 6941, 2003, Pages 742-747

  White, Tim D ^a   Asfaw, Berhane ^b   DeGusta, David ^a   Gilbert, Henry ^a   Richards, Gary D ^a   Suwa, Gen ^c   Howell, F Clark ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b Rift Valley Research Service Addis Ababa   (Ethiopia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGY; HUMAN ENGINEERING; MORPHOLOGY; RADIOISOTOPES;

HOMO SAPIENS;

GEOCHRONOLOGY;

CRANIUM; EVOLUTION; FOSSIL; NEANDERTHAL; PLEISTOCENE;

AFRICA; ARTICLE; CHRONOLOGY; ETHIOPIA; FOSSIL; HOMINID; HUMAN; MORPHOLOGY; PLEISTOCENE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SKULL;

ADULT; ANIMALS; CHILD; ETHIOPIA; EVOLUTION; FOSSILS; HISTORY, ANCIENT; HOMINIDAE; HUMANS; MALE; SKULL;

ETHIOPIA;

CRANIA; HOMINIDAE; HOMO SAPIENS; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 0037564967     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nature01669     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Mbua, E. N. Patterns of middle Pleistocene Hominid Evolution in Africa Dissertation, Univ. Hamburg, (2001).
2. Stringer, C. B. Modern human origins: progress and prospects. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 357, 563-579 (2002).
3. Howell, F. C. Paleo-demes, species clades, and extinctions in the Pleistocene hominin record. J. Anthropol. Res. 55, 191-243 (1999).
4. Stringer, C. B. in The Age of the Earth: From 4004 BC to AD 2002 (eds Lewis, C. L. E. & Knell, S. J.) 265-274, Geological Society of London, Spec. Publ. 190 (2001).
5. Rightmire, G. P. in Humanity from African Naissance to Coming Millennia (eds Tobias, P. V., Raath, M. A., Moggi-Cecci, J. & Doyle, G. A.) 231-236 (Firenze Univ. Press, 2001).
6. Clark, J. D. et al. Stratigraphic, chronological and behavioural contexts of Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia. Nature 423, 747-752 (2003).
7. Howells, W. W. Cranial variation in man. Pap. Peabody Mus. Archaeol. Ethnol. 67, 1-259 (1973).
8. Tillier, A.-M. in The Evolution and Dispersal of Modern Humans in Asia (eds Akasawa, T., Aoki, K. & Kimura, T.) 15-28 (Hokusen-sha, Tokyo, 1992).
9. Arsuaga, J. L., Martínez, I., Gracia, A. & Lorenzo, C. The Sima de los Huesos crania (Sierra de Atapuerca Spain): A comparative study. J. Hum. Evol. 33, 219-281 (1997).
10. Lieberman, D. E., McBratney, B. M. & Krovits, G. The evolution and development of cranial form in Homo sapiens. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 1134-1139 (2002).
11. Sarich, V. M. in Conceptual Issues in Modern Human Origins Research (eds Clark, G. A. & Willermet, C. M.) 392-412 (Aldine, New York, 1997).
12. Bräuer, G. in Humanity from African Naissance to Coming Millennia (eds Tobias, P. V., Raath, M. A., Moggi-Cecci, J. & Doyle, G. A.) 191-197 (Firenze Univ. Press, 2001).
13. Bräuer, G., (eds Mellars, P. & Stringer, C. B.) 123-154 (Edinburgh Univ. Press, 1989).
14. Cann, R. Genetic clues to dispersal in human populations: Retracing the past from the present. Science 291, 1742-1748 (2001).
15. Wolpoff, M. & Caspari, R. in Conceptual Issues in Modern Human Origins Research (eds Clark, G. A. & Willermet, C. M.) 28-44 (Aldine, New York, 1997).
16. Hawks, J. D. & Wolpoff, M. H. The four faces of Eve: Hypothesis compatibility and human origins. Quat. Int. 75, 41-50 (2001).
17. Wolpoff, M. H., Hawks, J., Frayer, D. & Hunley, K. Modern human ancestry at the peripheries: A test of the replacement theory. Science 291, 293-297 (2001).
18. Templeton, A. R. Out of Africa again and again. Nature 416, 45-51 (2002).
19. Underhill, P. A. et al. The phylogeography of Y chromosome binary haplotypes and the origins of modern human populations. Ann. Hum. Genet. 65, 43-62 (2001).
20. Ingman, M., Kaessmann, H., Pääbo, S. & Gyllensten, U. Mitochondrial genome variation and the origin of modern humans. Nature 408, 703-713 (2000).
21. Haile-Selassie, Y. Late Miocene hominids from the Middle Awash, Ethiopia. Nature 412, 178-181 (2001).
22. White, T. D., Suwa, G. & Asfaw, B. Australopithecus ramidus, a new species of hominid from Aramis, Ethiopia. Nature 371, 306-312 (1994).
23. Lovejoy, C. O., Meindl, R. S., Ohman, J. C., Heiple, K. G. & White, T. D. The Maka femur and its bearing on the antiquity of human walking: Applying contemporary concepts of morphogenesis to the human fossil record. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 119, 97-133 (2002).
24. White, T. D. et al. New discoveries of Australopithecus at Maka, Ethiopia. Nature 366, 261-265 (1993).
25. Asfaw, B. et al. Australopithecus garhi: A new species of early hominid from Ethiopia. Science 284, 629-635 (1999).
26. Asfaw, B. et al. Remains of Homo erectus from Bouri, Middle Awash, Ethiopia. Nature 416, 317-320 (2002).
27. Howells, W. W. Skull shapes and the map. Craniometric analyses in the dispersion of modern Homo. Pap. Peabody Mus. Archaeol. Ethnol. 79, 1-189 (1989).