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(a) One could argue that 7, being an acyclic molecule, is not rigid. Actually, the CD spectra recorded at room temperature and -100 °C are almost superimposable. This indicates high conformational homogeneity of this compound; see: Salvadori, P.; Lardicci, L.; Menicagli, R.; Bertucci, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 8598. (b) Also in the case of 10 it has been shown that the conformer where the C*-H hydrogen points toward the peri-hydrogen of the naphthalene is the strongly prevailing one; see: Salvadori, P.; Piccolo, O.; Bertucci, C.; Menicagli, R.; Lardicci, L. J. Am. Chem, Soc. 1980, 102, 6860.
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0042112651
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(a) One could argue that 7, being an acyclic molecule, is not rigid. Actually, the CD spectra recorded at room temperature and -100 °C are almost superimposable. This indicates high conformational homogeneity of this compound; see: Salvadori, P.; Lardicci, L.; Menicagli, R.; Bertucci, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 8598. (b) Also in the case of 10 it has been shown that the conformer where the C*-H hydrogen points toward the peri-hydrogen of the naphthalene is the strongly prevailing one; see: Salvadori, P.; Piccolo, O.; Bertucci, C.; Menicagli, R.; Lardicci, L. J. Am. Chem, Soc. 1980, 102, 6860.
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-
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note
-
As Stephens has clearly pointed out the OR magnitude is affected by several factors, in addition to solvent effects, such as experimental errors and vibrational effects. The importance of the vibrational effect has been recently pointed out.
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note
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This choice is due to the fact that in this way we have a homogeneous comparison with analogous data reported in the literature. In addition it is interesting to note that the use of the B3LYP/6-31G* method requires in the case of 14, for instance, 17 h of CPU time on our machine, while HF/SCF/6-31G* requires 12 h and HF/SCF/3-21G requires 2 h. In any case all these times are shorter than the CPU time required for the HF/SCF/6-31G* OR calculation (23 h); therefore, the preparation of geometries is not the rate-determining step of the overall process. Interestingly, the computed HF/SCF/6-31G* optical rotations are similar in the three cases: -275 (B3LYP/6-31G*), -224 (HF/SCF/6-31G*), and -234 (HF/SCF/3-21G).
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Grimme, S.4
Peyerimhoff, S.D.5
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note
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Even though the use of a smaller nonpolarized basis set should not be recommended for this kind of calculation, according to a suggestion of a reviewer, we also carried out some HF/STO-3G and HF/3-21G OR calculations for selected compounds such as 1, 5, 7, and 11. The results obtained are as follows: (for 1) STO-3G, -123; 3-21G, -124; (for 5) STO-3G, -1745; 3-21G, -2934; (for 7) STO-3G, +0.1; 3-21G +28; (for 11) STO-3G, +33; 3-21G, +7. We can state that for compounds which fulfill our criterion a and showing very high rotatory power (say 200 units or more) a HF/3-21G or even STO-3G calculation will give the correct sign and order of magnitude of the OR, in a very short time (4 h for a large molecule such as 5). On the contrary, the same computation fails miserably when the experimental rotatory power is small (20 units or less) and/or optical rotation and the lowest energy Cotton effect have opposite signs (see 7 and 11).
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This problem deserves special interest: we are now carrying out an investigation about ketone OR calculations.
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67
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Endo, Y.; Ohta, T.; Nozoe, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 3083. The assignment of absolute configuration is reported by Ohta et al.: Ohta, T.; Endo, Y.; Kikuchi, R.; Kabuto, C.; Harada, N.; Nozoe, S. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 5659.
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