Simultaneous MST radar and radiosonde measurements at Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E) 1. Causative mechanism and characteristics of radar backscatterers at VHF

Radio Science

Volumn 38, Issue 1, 2003, Pages

  Jain, A R ^a   Ghosh, A K ^a   Sivakumar, V ^a   Kumar, K Kishore ^a  

^a National MST Radar Facility   (India)

Author keywords

Causative mechanism; MST radar; Radar characteristics; Radiosonde

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE; CORRELATION METHODS; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE BACKSCATTERING; FREQUENCY ALLOCATION; GRADIENT INDEX OPTICS; METEOROLOGY; RADIOSONDES; REFRACTIVE INDEX;

BRUNT VAISALA FREQUENCY; POTENTIAL REFRACTIVE INDEX GRADIENT; RADAR BACKSCATTERERS; RADAR REFLECTIVITY;

RADAR MEASUREMENT;

EID: 0037527616     PISSN: 00486604     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2000RS002527     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Anandan, V. K., P. Balmuralidhar, P. B. Rao, and A. R. Jain, A method for adaptive moments estimation technique applied to MST radar echoes, in Proceedings of PIERS, vol. 2, p. 670, Telecommun. Res. Cent., City Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 1997.
2. Barat, J., Some characteristics of clear-air turbulence in the middle stratosphere, J. Atmos. Sci.,39, 2553-2564, 1982.
3. Cohn, S. A., Radar measurements of turbulent eddy dissipation rate in the troposphere: A comparison of techniques, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 85-95, 1995.
4. Gage, K. S., Radar observations of the free atmosphere: Structure and dynamics, in Radar Meteorology, edited by D. Atlas, pp. 534-565, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass., 1990.
5. Gage, K. S., and B. B. Balsley, On the scattering and reflection mechanisms contributing to clear air radar echoes from the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere, Radio Sci., 15, 243-257, 1980.
6. Gage, K. S., W. L. Eckluned, A. C. Riddle, and B. B. Balsley, Objective tropopause height determination using low-resolution VHF radar observations, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 3, 248-254, 1986.
7. Ghosh, A. K., A. R. Jain, and V. Sivakumar, Characteristics of atmospheric wind, associated shear and turbulence: Indian MST radar measurement during summer monsoon season, Indian J. Radio Space Phys., 29, 222-230, 2000.
8. Hocking, W. K., Observations and measurement of turbulence in the middle atmosphere with a VHF radar, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 48, 655-670, 1986.
9. Hocking, W. K., S. Fukao, T. Tsuda, M. Yamamoto, and S. Kato, Aspect sensitivity of stratospheric VHF radio wave scatterers particularly above 15 km altitude, Radio Sci., 25, 613-627, 1990.
10. Hooper, D. A., and L. Thomas, Aspect sensitivity of VHF scatterers in the troposphere and stratosphere from comparisons of power in off-vertical beams, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57, 655-663, 1995.
11. Hooper, D. A., and L. Thomas, Complementary criteria for identifying regions of intense atmospheric turbulence using lower VHF radar, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 60, 49-61, 1998.
12. Jain, A. R., Y. Jaya Rao, P. B. Rao, G. Viswantathan, S. H. Damle, P. Balamuralidhar, and A. Ikarni, Preliminary observations using ST mode of the Indian MST radar: Detecting the signature of the tropopause, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 56, 1157-1162, 1994.
13. Jain, A. R., Y. Jaya Rao, and P. B. Rao, Aspect sensitivity of the received radar backscatter at VHF: Preliminary observations using Indian MST radar, Radio Sci., 32, 1249-1260, 1997.
14. Jain, A. R., Y. Jaya Rao, and N. S. Mydhili, Height-time-structure of VHF backscatter from stable and turbulently mixed atmosphere layers at tropical latitudes, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 63, 1455-1463, 2001.
15. Jaya Rao, Y., A. R. Jain, V. K. Anandan, P. B. Rao, G. Viswanathan, and R. Arvindan, Some observations of tropical tropopause using ST made of the Indian MST radar: Multiple stable layer structure, Indian J. Radio Space Phys., 23, 75-85, 1994.
16. Rao, P. B., A. R. Jain, P. Kishore, P. Balamuralidhar, S. H. Damle, and G. Viswanathan, Indian MST radar, 1, System description and sample vector wind measurements in ST mode, Radio Sci., 30, 1125-1138, 1995.
17. Reiter, E. R., and P. F. Lester, Richardson number in free atmosphere, Arch. Meteorol. Geophys. Bioklimatol., Ser. A, 17, 1-7, 1969.
18. Rottger, J., and G. Schmidt, High-resolution VHF radar sounding of the troposphere and stratosphere, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electron., 17, 182-189, 1979.
19. Ruster, R., G. D. Nastrom, and G. Schmidt, High-resolution VHF measurements in the troposphere with a vertical pointing beam, J. Appl. Meteorol., 37, 1522-1529, 1998.
20. Sato, T., and R. F. Woodman, Fine altitude observation of stratospheric turbulent layers by the Arecibo 430 MHz radar, J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 2546-2552, 1982.
21. Tsuda, T., K. Hirose, and S. Kato, Some finding on correlation between the stratospheric echo power and the wind shear observed by the Arecibo UHF radar, Radio Sci., 20, 1503-1508, 1985.
22. Tsuda, T., T. Sato, K. Hirose, S. Fukao, and S. Kato, MU radar observations aspect sensitivity of backscattered VHF echo power in troposphere and lower stratosphere, Radio Sci., 21, 971-980, 1986.
23. Tsuda, T., P. T. May, T. Sato, S. Kato, and S. Fukao, Simultaneous observations of reflection echoes and refractive index gradient in the troposphere and lower stratosphere, Radio Sci., 23, 655-665, 1988.
24. Tsuda, T., T. E. Van Zandt, and H. Saito, Zenith angle dependence of VHF specular reflection echoes in lower atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 59, 761-765, 1997.
25. Van Zandt, T. E., J. L. Green, K. S. Gage and W. L. Clark, Vertical profiles of reflectivity turbulence structure constant. Comparison of observations by Sun set radar with a new theoretical model, Radio Sci., 13, 819-829, 1978.
26. Worthington, R. M., R. D. Palmer, and S. Fukao, Complete maps of the aspect sensitivity of VHF atmospheric radar echoes, Ann. Geophys., 17, 1116-1119, 1999.