A different view of smallpox and vaccination

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 348, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 460-463

  Mack, Thomas ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN; SMALLPOX VACCINE;

ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; CAREGIVER; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DRUG MARKETING; ERADICATION THERAPY; GENETIC ENGINEERING; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HOSPITAL PERSONNEL; IMMUNITY; LEGAL LIABILITY; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPHYLAXIS; SMALLPOX; SMALLPOX VIRUS; TERRORISM; VACCINATION; VIRUS RESISTANCE; VIRUS SHEDDING; VIRUS STRAIN; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; VIRUS VIRULENCE; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 0037472878     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMsb022994     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Broad WJ. U.S. to vaccinate 500,000 workers against smallpox. New York Times. July 7, 2002(section 1):1.
2. Bicknell W. The case for voluntary smallpox vaccination policy. N Engl J Med 2002;346:1323-5.
3. de Rugy V, Peña CV. Responding to the threat of smallpox bioterrorism: an ounce of prevention is best approach. Cato policy analysis. No. 434. Washington, D.C.: Cato Institute, April 18, 2002: 1-16.
4. Alibek K. Biohazard: the chilling true story of the largest covert biological weapons program in the world, told from the inside by the man who ran it. New York: Random House, 1999.
5. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Summary of October 2002 ACIP Smallpox Vaccination Recommendations. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2002. (Also available at http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/vaccination/acip-recs-oct2002.asp.)
6. Cowley G. The plan to fight smallpox. Newsweek. October 14, 2002.
7. Downie AW, St Vincent L, Meiklejohn G, et al. Studies on the virus content of mouth washings in the acute phase of smallpox. Bull World Health Organ 1961;25:49-53.
8. Mack TM, Thomas DB, Muzaffar Khan M. Epidemiology of smallpox in West Pakistan. II. Determinants of intravillage spread other than acquired immunity. Am J Epidemiol 1972;95:169-77.
9. Fenner F, Henderson DA, Arita I, Jezek Z, Ladnyi ID. Smallpox and its eradication. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1988.
10. Rao AR. Smallpox. Bombay, India: Kothari Book Depot, 1972.
11. Mack TM, Thomas DB, Khan MM. Variola major in West Pakistan. J Infect Dis 1970;122:479-88.
12. Downie A, Meiklejohn G, St Vincent L, Rao AR, Sundara Babu BV, Kempe CH. The recovery of smallpox virus from patients and their environment in a smallpox hospital. Bull World Health Organ 1965;33:615-22.
13. Meiklejohn G, Kempe CH, Downie AW, Berge TO, St Vincent L, Rao AR. Air sampling to recover variola virus in the environment of a smallpox hospital. Bull World Health Organ 1961;25:63-7.
14. Mayhew C, Hahon N. Assessment of aerosol mixtures of different viruses. Appl Microbiol 1970;20:313-6.
15. Thomas DB, Mack TM, Ali A, Muzaffar Khan M. Epidemiology of smallpox in West Pakistan. 3. Outbreak detection and interlocality transmission. Am J Epidemiol 1972;95:178-89.
16. Thomas DB, McCormack WM, Arita I, Khan MM, Islam S, Mack TM. Endemic smallpox in rural East Pakistan. I. Methodology, clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of cases, and intervillage transmission. Am J Epidemiol 1971;93:361-72.
17. Mack T. Smallpox in Europe, 1950-1971. J Infect Dis 1972;125: 161-9.
18. Gelfand H, Posch J. The recent outbreak of smallpox in Meschede, West Germany. Am J Epidemiol 1971;93:234-7.
19. Lane J. Smallpox in Yugoslavia: September 22, 1972. CDC Epidemiology Program Report. Atlanta: Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1972.
20. Meltzer MI, Damon I, LeDuc JW, Millar JD. Modeling potential responses to smallpox as a bioterrorist weapon. Emerg Infect Dis 2001;7:959-69.
21. Dark Winter: bioterrorism exercise. Washington, D.C.: Andrews Air Force Base, 2001.
22. Dixon CW. Smallpox. London: J. & A. Churchill, 1962.
23. Arita I, Shafa E, Kader A. Role of hospital in smallpox outbreak in Kuwait. Am J Public Health 1970;60:1960-6.
24. Palmquist EE. The 1946 smallpox experience in Seattle. Can J Public Health 1947;38:213-8.
25. Weinstein I. An outbreak of smallpox in New York City. Am J Public Health 1947;37:1376-84.
26. Irons JV, Sullivan TD, Cook EBM, Cox GW, Hale RA. Outbreak of smallpox in the lower Rio Grande valley of Texas in 1949. Am J Public Health 1953;43:25-9.
27. Heiner GG, Fatima-N, Russell PK, et al. Field trials of methisazone as a prophylactic agent against smallpox. Am J Epidemiol 1971;94:435-49.
28. Kempe CH. Studies on smallpox and complications of smallpox vaccination: E. Mead Johnson Award address. Pediatrics 1960;26:176-89.
29. Marennikova SS. The use of hyperimmune antivaccinia gammaglobulin for the prevention and treatment of smallpox. Bull World Health Organ 1962;27:325-30.
30. Kempe CH, Bowles C, Meiklejohn G, et al. The use of vaccinia hyperimmune gamma-globulin in the prophylaxis of smallpox. Bull World Health Organ 1961;25:41-8.
31. Jackson RJ, Ramsay AJ, Christensen CD, Beaton S, Hall DF, Ramshaw IA. Expression of mouse interleukin-4 by a recombinant ectromelia virus suppresses cytolytic lymphocyte responses and overcomes genetic resistance to mousepox. J Virol 2001;75:1205-10.
32. Neff JM, Lane JM, Fulginiti VA, Henderson DA. Contact vaccinia - transmission of vaccinia from smallpox vaccination. JAMA 2002;288:1901-5.
33. Lane JM, Ruben FL, Abrutyn E, Millar JD. Deaths attributable to smallpox vaccination, 1959 to 1966, and 1968. JAMA 1970;212:441-4.
34. Redfield RR, Wright DC, James WD, Jones TS, Brown C, Burke DS. Disseminated vaccinia in a military recruit with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. N Engl J Med 1987;316:673-6.
35. 2000 National industry-specific occupational employment and wage estimates: SIC 806 - hospitals. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, 2002. (Also available at http: //www.bls.gov/oes/2000/oesi3_806.htm.)