Environmental risk assessment of veterinary pharmaceuticals in the EU: Reply to Montforts and de Knecht

Toxicology Letters

Volumn 142, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 219-225

  Long, Carol ^a   Crane, Mark ^b  

^a Veterinary Medicines Directorate   (United Kingdom)

^b Crane Consultants   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Ecotoxicity; Guidance; Harmonisation; Veterinary medicinal products; VICH

Indexed keywords

FOOD ADDITIVE; VETERINARY DRUG;

ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ECOTOXICITY; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; MARKETING; NONHUMAN; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 0037447793     PISSN: 03784274     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0378-4274(03)00070-5     Document Type: Article

References (13)

1. 2001/82/EC. Directive 2001/82/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 November 2001 on the Community code relating to veterinary medicinal products.
2. 92/18/EC. Commission Directive 92/18/EC of 20 March 1992 modifying the Annex to Council Directive 81/852/EEC on the approximation of the laws of Member States relating to analytical, pharmatoxicological and clinical standards and protocols in respect of the testing of veterinary medicinal products (O.J. No L 97 of 10.4.92)
3. 81/852/EEC. Council Directive 81/852/EEC of 28 September 1981 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to analytical, pharmatoxicological and clinical standards and protocols in respect of the testing of veterinary medicinal products (O.J. No L 317 of 6.11.81)
4. 81/851/EEC. Council Directive 81/851/EEC of 28 September 1981 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to veterinary medicinal products (O.J. No L 317 of 6.11.81)
5. 80/778/EEC. Directive 80/778/EEC: Quality of water intended for human consumption.
6. 80/68/EEC. Directive 80/68/EEC: Protection of Groundwater against pollution caused by certain dangerous substances.
7. 75/440/EEC. Directive 75/440/EEC: Quality of Surface Water Intended for the Abstraction of Drinking Water in the Member States.
8. Boxall A.B.A., Fogg L., Blackwell P.A., Kay P., Pemberton E.J. Review of Veterinary Medicines in the Environment. R&D Technical Report P6-012/8/TR. 2002;Environment Agency, Bristol, UK.
9. Crane M., 2003. How acceptable is an 'Ecologically Acceptable Concentration' when assessing the environmental risks of pesticides under European Directive 91/411/EEC? Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, submitted.
10. Crane M., Sorokin N., Wheeler J., Grosso A., Whitehouse P., Morritt D. European approaches to coastal and estuarine risk assessment. Newman M. Coastal and Estuarine Risk Assessment. 2002;15-39 Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.
11. EMEA, 1997. Note for guidance: environmental risk assessment for veterinary medicinal products other than GMO-containing and immunological products. EMEA/CVMP/055/96.
12. Montforts M.H.M.M., de Knecht J.A. European medicines and feed additives regulation are not in compliance with environmental legislation and policy. Toxicol. Lett. 131:2002;125-136.
13. VICH, 2000. Environmental impact assessement (EIAs) for veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) - Phase I. CVMP/VICH/592/98-final.