Potential cost-effectiveness of C-reactive protein screening followed by targeted statin therapy for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease among patients without overt hyperlipidemia

American Journal of Medicine

Volumn 114, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 485-494

  Blake, Gavin J ^a,b   Ridker, Paul M ^a,b   Kuntz, Karen M ^c,d  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^d HARVARD CENTER FOR RISK ANALYSIS   (United States)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Inflammation; Risk factor

Indexed keywords

C REACTIVE PROTEIN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DIETARY INTAKE; DRUG COST; DRUG EFFICACY; FEMALE; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PATIENT COUNSELING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROBABILITY; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVASCULARIZATION; SCREENING TEST; SEX DIFFERENCE; SMOKING HABIT;

EID: 0037447408     PISSN: 00029343     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9343(03)00074-3     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Shepherd J., Cobbe S.M., Ford I., et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med. 333:1995;1301-1307.
2. Downs J.R., Clearfield M., Weis S., et al. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS . JAMA. 279:1998;1615-1622.
3. Garber A.M. Using cost-effectiveness analysis to target cholesterol reduction. Ann Intern Med. 132:2000;833-835.
4. Kuller L.H., Tracy R.P., Shaten J., Meilahn E.N. Relation of C-reactive protein and coronary heart disease in the MRFIT nested case-control study. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Epidemiol. 144:1996;537-547.
5. Ridker P.M., Cushman M., Stampfer M.J., et al. Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. N Engl J Med. 336:1997;973-979.
6. Tracy R.P., Lemaitre R.N., Psaty B.M., et al. Relationship of C-reactive protein to risk of cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Results from the Cardiovascular Health Study and the Rural Health Promotion Project. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 17:1997;1121-1127.
7. Ridker P.M., Hennekens C.H., Buring J.E., Rifai N. C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. N Engl J Med. 342:2000;836-843.
8. Koenig W., Sund M., Frohlich M., et al. C-reactive protein, a sensitive marker of inflammation, predicts future risk of coronary heart disease in initially healthy middle-aged men: results from the MONICA (Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) Augsburg Cohort Study, 1984 to 1992. Circulation. 99:1999;237-242.
9. Danesh J., Whincup P., Walker M., et al. Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease prospective study and updated meta-analyses . BMJ. 321:2000;199-204.
10. Ridker P.M., Glynn R.J., Hennekens C.H. C-reactive protein adds to the predictive value of total and HDL cholesterol in determining risk of first myocardial infarction. Circulation. 97:1998;2007-2011.
11. Ridker P.M., Rifai N., Clearfield M., et al. C-reactive protein for targeting statin therapy in the primary prevention of acute coronary events. N Engl J Med. 344:2001;159-165.
12. Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 285:2001;2486-2497.
13. Ridker P.M. Should statin therapy be considered for patients with elevated C-reactive protein? The need for a definitive clinical trial. Eur Heart J. 22:2001;2135-2137.
14. Sonnenberg F.A., Beck J.R. Markov models in medical decision making a practical guide . Med Decis Making. 13:1993;322-338.
15. 2002 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update. 2001;American Heart Association, Dallas, Texas.
16. Anderson K.M., Odell P.M., Wilson P.W., Kannel W.B. Cardiovascular disease risk profiles. Am Heart J. 121:1990;293-298.
17. Goldberg R.J., McCormick D., Gurwitz J.H., et al. Age-related trends in short- and long-term survival after acute myocardial infarction a 20-year population-based perspective (1975-1995) . Am J Cardiol. 82:1998;1311-1317.
18. Brown R.D., Whisnant J.P., Sicks J.D., et al. Stroke incidence, prevalence, and survival secular trends in Rochester, Minnesota, through 1989 . Stroke. 27:1996;373-380.
19. Oster G., Huse D.M., Lacey M.J., Epstein A.M. Cost-effectiveness of ticlopidine in preventing stroke in high-risk patients. Stroke. 25:1994;1149-1156.
20. Sacks F.M., Pfeffer M.A., Moye L.A., et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators. N Engl J Med. 335:1996;1001-1009.
21. Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med. 339:1998;1349-1357.
22. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet. 348:1996;1329-1339.
23. Atkins D., Psaty B.M., Koepsell T.D., et al. Cholesterol reduction and the risk for stroke in men. A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med. 119:1993;136-145.
24. Bucher H.C., Griffith L.E., Guyatt G.H. Effect of HMGcoA reductase inhibitors on stroke. A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med. 128:1998;89-95.
25. Fryback D.G., Dasbach E.J., Klein R., et al. The Beaver Dam Health Outcomes Study initial catalog of health-state quality factors . Med Decis Making. 13:1993;89-102.
26. Mark D.B., Hlatky M.A., Califf R.M., et al. Cost effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator as compared with streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 332:1995;1418-1424.
27. Gage B.F., Cardinalli A.B., Albers G.W., Owens D.K. Cost-effectiveness of warfarin and aspirin for prophylaxis of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. JAMA. 274:1995;1839-1845.
28. Drug Topics Red Book. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics; 2000.
29. Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Fee Schedule. Health care finance administration public use files . Accessed May 2001.
30. National Physician Fee Schedule Relative Value File. Health care finance administration public use files . Accessed May 2001.
31. Stinnett A.A., Mittleman M.A., Weinstein M.C., et al. The cost-effectiveness of dietary and pharmacologic therapy for cholesterol reduction in adults. Gold M.R., Siegel J.E., Russel J.E., Weinstein M.C. Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. 1996;349-391 Oxford University Press, New York, New York.
32. Gold M.R., Siegel J.E., Russel L.B., Weinstein M.C. Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. 1996;Oxford University Press, New York, New York.
33. AWP overstates actual pharmacy invoice cost for brand name drugs by average of 18.3% nationwide, HHS IG concludes; generic AWP overstates cost by 42.5%. In: The Pink Sheet. Chevy Chase, MD: F-D-C Reports; January 13, 1997: 7.
34. Ridker P.M., Rifai N., Pfeffer M.A., et al. Inflammation, pravastatin, and the risk of coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) Investigators. Circulation. 98:1998;839-844.
35. Tsevat J., Duke D., Goldman L., et al. Cost-effectiveness of captopril therapy after myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 26:1995;914-919.
36. Gotto A.M. Jr, Boccuzzi S.J., Cook J.R., et al. Effect of lovastatin on cardiovascular resource utilization and costs in the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS). AFCAPS/TexCAPS Research Group. Am J Cardiol. 86:2000;1176-1181.
37. Hamilton V.H., Racicot F.E., Zowall H., et al. The cost-effectiveness of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors to prevent coronary heart disease. Estimating the benefits of increasing HDL-C. JAMA. 273:1995;1032-1038.
38. Huse D.M., Russell M.W., Miller J.D., et al. Cost-effectiveness of statins. Am J Cardiol. 82:1998;1357-1363.
39. Goldman L., Weinstein M.C., Goldman P.A., Williams L.W. Cost-effectiveness of HMG-CoA reductase inhibition for primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. JAMA. 265:1991;1145-1151.
40. Caro J., Klittich W., McGuire A., et al. The West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study economic benefit analysis of primary prevention with pravastatin . BMJ. 315:1997;1577-1582.
41. Prosser L.A., Stinnett A.A., Goldman P.A., et al. Cost-effectiveness of cholesterol-lowering therapies according to selected patient characteristics. Ann Intern Med. 132:2000;769-779.
42. Salzmann P., Kerlikowske K., Phillips K. Cost-effectiveness of extending screening mammography guidelines to include women 40 to 49 years of age. Ann Intern Med. 127:1997;955-965.
43. Frazier A.L., Colditz G.A., Fuchs C.S., Kuntz K.M. Cost-effectiveness of screening for colorectal cancer in the general population. JAMA. 284:2000;1954-1961.
44. Jones P., Kafonek S., Laurora I., Hunninghake D. Comparative dose efficacy study of atorvastatin versus simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin, and fluvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia (the CURVES study). Am J Cardiol. 81:1998;582-587.