Helicobacter pylori, cyclooxygenase-2 and gastric cancer;Ciclooxigenasa 2 (COX-2), Helicobacter pylori y cáncer gástrico

Medicina Clinica

Volumn 120, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 189-193

  Gisbert, Javier P ^a   Pajares, José María ^a  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DE LA PRINCESA   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CELECOXIB; CYCLOOXYGENASE 1; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; ROFECOXIB;

APOPTOSIS; CARCINOGENESIS; CELL PROLIFERATION; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE; HELICOBACTER INFECTION; HELICOBACTER PYLORI; HUMAN; MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; STOMACH ADENOCARCINOMA; STOMACH CANCER; STOMACH MUCOSA;

EID: 0037442859     PISSN: 00257753     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1157/13043139     Document Type: Review

References (103)

1. Hendricks JC. Malignant tumors of the stomach. Surg Clin North Am 1986;66:683-93.
2. Wallach CB, Kurtz RC. Gastrointestinal cancer in the elderly. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1990;19:419-32.
3. Parkin DM, Laara E, Muir CS. Estimates of the worldwide frequency of sixteen major cancers in 1980. Int J Cancer 1988;41:184-97.
4. Gisbert JP, Boixeda D, Martín de Argila C. ¿Es el cáncer gástrico una enfermedad infecciosa? Rev Esp Enferm Dig 1996;88:555-62.
5. Gisbert JP. ¿Es el linfoma gástrico una enfermedad infecciosa? Med Clin (Barc) 1998;110:56-61.
6. International Agency for Research on Cancer Working Group. World Health Organization. Infection with Helicobacter pylori. En: Schistosomes, liver flukes and Helicobacter pylori. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Vol. 61 Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1994; p. 177-214.
7. Forman D, Newell DG, Fullerton F, Yarnell JW, Stacey AR, Wald N, et al. Association between infection with Helicobacter pylori and risk of gastric cancer: evidence from a prospective investigation. BMJ 1991; 302:1302-5.
8. Parsonnet J, Friedman GD, Vandersteen DP, Chang Y, Vogelman JH, Orentreich N, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of gastric carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1127-31.
9. Nomura A, Stemmermann GN, Chyou PH, Kato I, Pérez-Pérez GI, Blaster MJ. Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric carcinoma among Japanese Americans in Hawaii. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1132-6.
10. Forman D, Webb P, Parsonnet J. H. pylori and gastric cancer. Lancet 1994;343:243-4.
11. Wallace JL, Bell CJ. Gastroduodenal mucosal defence. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 1996;12:503-11.
12. Lanas A, Pique JM, Ponce J. Estrategia clínica para el paciente que precisa antiinflamatorios no esteroides: posición de los inhibidores de la COX-2. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001;1:1053-66.
13. Clement D, Goa KL. Celecoxib: a review of its use in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and acute pain. Drugs 2000;59:957-80.
14. Scott JL, Lamb HM. Rofecoxib. Drugs 1999;58:499-505 [discussion 506-71.
15. Hillson JL, Furst DE. Rofecoxib. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2000;1: 1053-66.
16. Matheson AL, Figgitt DP. Rofecoxib: a review of its use in the management of osteoarthritis, acute pain and rheumatoid arthritis. Drugs 2001;61:833-65.
17. Garner S, Fidan D, Frankish R, Judd M, Towheed T, Wells G, et al. Rofecoxib for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (Cochrane Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002:DC003685.
18. Langman MJ, Jensen DM, Watson DJ, Harper SE, Zhao PL, Quan H, et al. Adverse upper gastrointestinal effects of rofecoxib compared with NSAIDs. JAMA 1999;282:1929-33.
19. Schoenfeld P. Gastrointestinal safety profile of meloxicam: a metaanalysis and sustematic review of randomized controlled trials. Am J Med 1999;107:48S-54S.
20. Watson DJ, Harper SE, Zhao PL, Quan H, Bolognese JA, Simon TJ. Gastrointestinal tolerability of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor rofecoxib compared with nonselective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors in osteoarthritis. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:2998-3003.
21. Hawkey CJ, Jackson L, Harper SE, Simon TJ, Mortensen E, Lines CR. Review article: the gastrointestinal safety profile of rofecoxib, a highly selective inhibitor of cylooxygenase-2, in humans. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001;15:1-9.
22. Rostom A, Wells G, Tugwell P, Welch V, Dube C, McGowan J. Prevention of NSAID-induced gastroduodenal ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;CD002296.
23. Halter F, Tarnawski AS, Schmassmann A, Peskar BM. Cyclooxygenase 2-implications on maintenance of gastric mucosal integrity and ulcer healing: controversial issues and perspectives. Gut 2001;49:443-53.
24. Wallace JL. Distribution and expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) isoenzymes, their physiological roles, and the categorization of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Am J Med 1999;107:11S-6S [discussion 16S-7S].
25. Jackson LM, Wu KC, Mahida YR, Jenkins D, Hawkey CJ, Cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2 in normal, inflamed, and ulcerated human gastric mucosa. Gut 2000;47:762-70.
26. Tatsuguchi A, Sakamoto C, Wada K, Akamatsu T, Tsukui T, Miyake K, et al. Localisation of ciclooxygense 1 and cyclooxygenase 2 in Helicobacter pylori related gastritis and gastric ulcer tissues in humans. Gut 2000;46:782-9.
27. Kargman S, Charleson S, Cartwright M. Characterization of prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2 in rat, dog, monkey, and human gastrointestinal tracts. Gastroenterology 1996;111:445.
28. To KF, Chan FK, Leung WK, Sung JY. Expression of cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) and 2 (COX-2) in H. pylori associated gastritis. Gastroenterology 1998;114:G1270.
29. Franco L, Talamini G, Garra G, Doria D. Expression of COX-1, COX-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein in human gastric antrum with Helicobacter pylori infection. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 1999;58:9-17.
30. Takahashi S, Fujita T, Yamamoto A. Role of cyclooxygenase-2 in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis in Mongolian gerbils. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2000;279:G791-8.
31. Sung JJ, Ieung Wk, Go MY, To KF, Cheng AS, Ng EK, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in Helicobacter pylori-associated premalignant and malignant gastric lesions. Am J Pathol 2000;157:729-35.
32. Bhang CS, Lee HS, Kim SS, Song HJ, Sung YK, Kim JI, et al. Effects of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor and non-selective NSAIDs on Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis in Mongolian gerbils. Helicobacter 2002;7:14-21.
33. Donnelly MT, Bishop AE, McLaughlan J, Polak J, Hawkey C. Elevated inducible cyclooxigenase in H. pylori infected gastric mucosa and gastric cancer. Gastroenterology 1996;110:63.
34. Jackson LM, Wu KC, Mahida YR, Jenkins D, Donnelly MT, Hawkey C. COX-1 expression in human gastric mucosa infected with Helicobacter pylori: constitutive or induced? Gastroenterology 1998;114:A160.
35. Sawaoka H, Kawano S, Tsuji S, Tsuji M, Sun W, Gunawan ES, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human gastric mucosa. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1998; 59:313-6.
36. Zarrilli R, Tuccillo C, Santangelo M, Nardone G, Romano M. Increased COX-2, but not COX-1, mRNA expression in Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:3376-8.
37. Luo XL, Ramanujam S, Zhao HM, Hui-Min Z. Protective role of COX-2 in H. pylori gastritis: exacerbation of inflammation in COX-2 lnockout mice. Gastroenterology 1999;116:A767.
38. Fu S, Ramanujam KS, Wong A, Fantry T, Drachenberg CB, James SP, et al. Increased expression and cellular localization of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 in Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Gastroenterology 1999;116:1319-29.
39. Sawaoka H, Kawano S, Tsuji S, Tsuji M, Nakama A, Kakiuchi Y, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection associates with cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression in human gastric mucosa. A possible role of COX-2 in H. pylori-related gastric carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 1999;116:G1329.
40. McCarthy CJ, Crofford LJ, Greenson J, Scheiman JM. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in gastric antral mucosa before and after eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:1218-23.
41. Tatsuguchi A, Tsukui T, Wada K, Miyake K, Akamatsu T, Sakamoto C, et al. Localization of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxigenase-2 in gastric ulcer in human. Gastroenterology 1999;116:G1454.
42. Kakiuchi Y, Kawano S, Tsuji M, Tsujii M, Sawaoka H. Helicobacter pylori upregulates type 2 cyclooxigenase in gastric epthelial cells. Gastroenterology 1999;116:G1889.
43. Byrne MF, Fitzgerald DJ, Atherton CT, Murray FE. Helicobacter pylori induces cyclooxygenase-1 as well as cyclooxygenase-2 in endothelial cells. Gastroenterology 2000;118:3998.
44. Futagami S, Hiratsuka T, Wada K, Tatsuguchi A, Tsukui T, Kazumasa M, et al. COX-2 protects gastric mucosa against damage caused by NSAID in Helicobacter pylori-infected mongolian gerbils. Gastroenterology 2000; 118:4796.
45. Chan FK, To KF, Ng YP, Lee TL, Cheng AS, Leung WK, et al. Expression and cellular localization of COX-1 and -2 in Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001;15:187-93.
46. Kim TI, Lee YC, Lee KH, Han JH, Chon CY, Moon YM, et al. Effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric mucosae of mice: apoptosis, cell proliferation, and inflammatory activity. Infect Immun 2001;69:5056-63.
47. Kim JS, Kim JM, Jung HC, Song IS. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human neutrophils activated by Helicobacter pylori water-soluble proteins: possible involvement of NF-KappaB and MAP kinase signaling pathway. Dig Dis Sci 2001;46:2277-84.
48. Akhtar M, Cheng Y, Magno Rm, Ashktorab H, Smoot DT, Meltzer SJ, et al. Promoter methylation regulates Helicobacter pylori-stimulated cyclooxygenase-2 expression in gastric epithelial cells. Cancer Res 2001;61: 2399-403.
49. Loogna P, Franzen L, Sipponen P, Domellof L. Cyclooxygenase-2 and Bcl-2 expression in the stomach mucosa of Wistar rats exposed to Helicobacter pylori, N'-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and bile. Virchows Arch 2002;441:77-84.
50. Wambura C, Aoyama N, Shirasaka D, Sakai T, Ikemura T, Sakashita M, et al. Effect of Helicobacter pylori-induce cyclooxygenase-2 on gastric epithelial cell kinetis: implication for gastric carcinogenesis. Helicobacter 2002;7:129-38.
51. Hudson N, Balsitis M, Filipowicz F, Hawkey CJ. Effect of Helicobacter pylori colonisation on gastric mucosal eicosanoid synthesis in patients taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Gut 1993;34:748-51.
52. Reuter BK, Asfaha S, Buret A, Sharkey KA, Wallace JL. Exacerbation of inflammation-associated colonic injury in rat through inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2. J Clin Invest 1996;98:2076-85.
53. Tsujii M, DuBois RN. Alterations in cellular adhesio and apoptosis in epithelial cells overexpressing prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2. Cell 1995;83:493-501.
54. Sawaoka H, Kawano S, Tsuji S, Tsujii M, Murata H, Hori M. Effects of NSAIDS on proliferation of gastric cancer cells in vitro: possible implication of cyclooxygenase-2 in cancer development. J Clin Gastroenterol 1998;27(Suppl 1):47-52.
55. DuBois RN, Abramson SB, Crofford L, Gupta RA, Simon LS, Van de Putte LB, et al. Cyclooxygenase in biolody and disease. Faseb J 1998; 12:1063-73.
56. Wilson KT, Ramanujam KS, Shirin H, Delohery T, Moss SF. Prostaglandin E2 inhibits Helicobacter pylori-induced apoptosis. Gastroenterology 1999;116:G2327.
57. Kim JM, Jung HC, Kim JS, Ko EJ, Song IS, Kim CY. Cyclooxigenase-2 is upregulated in human gastric epithelial cells infected with H. pylori. Gastroenterology 1999;116:G937.
58. Konturek PC, Hartwich A, Zuchowicz M, Labza H, Pierzchalski P, Karczewska E, et al. Helicobacter pylori, gastrin and cyclooxygenases in gastric cancer. J Physiol Pharmacol 2000;51:737-49.
59. Kim JM, Kim JS, Jung HC, Song IS, Kim CY. Upregulated cycloooxygenase2-inhibits apoptosis of human gastric epithelial cells infected with Helicobacter pylori. Dig Dis Sci 2000;45:2436-43.
60. Hahm K, Im H, Sohn S, Lee J, Surh Y, Kim Y, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection-induced COX-2 contribute to either anti-inflammation or gastric carcinogenesis. Gut 2000;49(Suppl 2):24.
61. Eberhart CE, Coffey RJ, Radhika A, Giardiello FM, Ferrenbach S, DuBois RN. Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase 2 gene expression in human colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Gastroenterology 1994; 107:1183-8.
62. Sano H, Kawahito Y, Wilder RL, Hashiramoto A, Mukai S, Asai K, et al. Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in human colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 1995;55:3785-9.
63. Wilson KT, Fu S, Ramanujam KS, Meltzer SJ. Increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in Barrett's esophagus and associated adenocarcinomas. Cancer Res 1998;58:2929-34.
64. Yabuki N, Sasano H, Tobita M, Imatani A, Hoshi T, Kato K, et al. Analysis of cell damage and proliferation in Helicobacter pylori-infected human gastric mucosa from patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Am J Pathol 1997;151:821-9.
65. Gerdes H. Surveillance after colon cancer: is it worthwhile? Gastroenterology 1990;99:1849-51.
66. Yamamoto H, Itoh F, Fukushima H, Hinoda Y, Imai K. Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 protein is less frequent in gastric cancers with microsatellite instability. Int J Cancer 1999;84:400-3.
67. Sung JJY, Go MYY, Chan FKL, Leung WK, Cheng ASL, Ng YP, et al. COX-2 expression in H. pylori-associated premalignant and malignant gastric lesions. Gastroenterology 1999;116:G1404.
68. Das KK, Sun JH, Amenta PS, Yokota K, Watari J, Sato T, et al. Colonic epithelial phenotype and cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) expression in gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) are highly associated with Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. Gastroenterology 2001;120(Suppl 1):3558.
69. Xiao F, Furuta T, Takashima M, Shirai N, Hanai H. Involvement of cyclooxygenase-2 in hyperplastic gastritis induced by Helicobacter pylori infection in C57BL/6 mice. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001;15:875-86.
70. Yamagata R, Shimoyama T, Fukuda S, Yoshimura T, Tanaka M, Munakata A. Cyclooxigenase-2 expression is increased in early intestinal-type gastric cancer and gastric mucosa with intestinal metaplasia. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002;14:359-63.
71. Yamagata R, Shimoyama T, Tanaka M, Fukuda S, Munakata A. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in increased in early stage gastric cancer in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut 2000;47(Suppl 1):73.
72. Nishiya D, Shimoyama T, Yamagata R, Hatada Y, Fukuda S, Munakata A. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in increased in gastric mucosal with intestinal metaplasia in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut 2000;47(Suppl 1):54.
73. Ristimaki A. Honkanen N, Jankala H, Sipponen P, Harkonen M. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human gastric carcinoma. Cancer Res 1997;57:1276-80.
74. Uefuji K, Ichikura T, Mochizuki H, Shinomiya N. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 protein in gastric adenocarcinoma. J Surg Oncol 1998;69: 168-72.
75. Miehlke S, Szokodi D, Yu J, Wündisch T, Ebert M, Malfertheiner P, et al. Increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in gastric carcinoma, in the gastric mucosa of healthy first-degree relatives, and in relation to Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut 2000;47(Suppl 1):72.
76. Konturek PC, Konturek SJ, Meixner H, Bielanski W, Hartwich A, Zuchowicz M, et al. Coexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and gastrin in gastric cancer before and after eradication of Helicobacter pylori (HP). Gastroenterology 2001;120 (Suppl 1):3997.
77. Chen CN, Sung CT, Lin MT, Lee PH, Chang KJ. Clinicopathologic association of cyclooxygenase 1 and cyclooxygenase 2 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma. Ann Sung 2001;233:183-8.
78. Ramanujam KS, Wilson KT. Helicobacter pylori induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human gastric epithelial cells by a tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent mechanism. Gastroenterology 1998;114:A666.
79. Romano M, Ricci B, Memoli A, Tuccillo C, Di Popolo A, Sommi P, et al. Helicobacter pylori up-regulates cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression and prostaglandin E2 synthesis in MKN 28 gastric mucosal cells in vitro. J Biol Chem 1998;273:28560-3.
80. Kim H, Lim JW, Seo JY, Kim KH. Oxidant-sensitive transcription factor and cyclooxygenase-2 by Helicobacter pylori stimulation in human gastric cancer cells. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2002;21:121-9.
81. Treiber GG, Siegle I, Fritz P. COX-2 expressions is upregulated in intestinal type gastric cancer and preceeding neoplastic changes linked to H. pylori infection. Gastroenterology 2001;120(Suppl 1):4002.
82. Correa P, Haenszel W, Cuello C, Tannenbaum S, Archer M. A model for gastric cancer epidemiology. Lancet 1975;2:58-60.
83. Konturek JW, Konturek PC, Starzynska T, Marlicz K, Pierzchalski P, Hahn EG. Gastrin, cyclooxygenases in gastri MALT-lymphoma before and after eradication of Helicobacter pylori (HP). Gastroenterology 2001; 120(Suppl 1):4011.
84. Konturek PC, Konturek SJ, Pierzchalski P, Starzynska T, Marlicz K, Hartwich A, et al. Gastric MALT-lymphoma, gastrin and cyclooxygenases. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2002;65:17-23.
85. Konturek PC, Konturek SJ, Pierzchalski P, Bielanski W, Duda A, Marlicz K, et al. Cancerogenesis in Helicobacter pylori infected stomach-role of growth factors, apoptosis and cyclooxygenases. Med Sci Monit 2001;7:1092-107.
86. Konturek SJ, Konturek PC, Hartwich A, Hahn EG. Helicobacter pylori infection and gastrin and cyclooxygenase expression in gastric and colorectal malignancies. Regul Pept 2000;93:13-9.
87. Treiber GG, Siegle I, Fritz P, Malfertheiner P. Cyclooxygenase 2 expression in the corpus but not in the antrum is upregulated in H. pylori infection with cagA negative strains. Gut 2000;47(Suppl 1):30.
88. Guo X, Wang L, Yuan Y. [Association between Helicobacter pylori cagA strain infection and expression of cyclooxygenase 2 in gastric carcinoma]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2002;82:868-71.
89. Gisbert J, Pajares J. ¿Son todos los H. pylori malos? Rev Esp Enferm Dig 1999;91:508-15.
90. Byrne MF, Corcoran PA, Sheehan KM, Atherton CT, Fitzgerald DJ, Murray FE. Effect of different strains of Helicobacter pylori on cyclooxygenase-2 promoter activity - vacA and cagA not involved. Gastroenterology 2001;120(Suppl 1):3628.
91. El-Omar EM, Oien K, Murray LS, El-Nujumi A, Wirz A, Gillen D, et al. Increased prevalence of precancerous changes in relatives of gastric cancer patients: critica role of H. pylori. Gastroenterology 2000;118:22-30.
92. Brenner H, Bode G, Boeing H. Helicobacter pylori infection among offspring of patients with stomach cancer. Gastroenterology 2000;118: 31-5.
93. Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Zauber AG, Warshauer ME, Stolley PD, Shapiro S. A hypothesis nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduce the incidence of large-bowel cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1991;83:355-8.
94. Smalley W, Ray WA, Daugherty J, Griffin MR. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and incidence of colorectal cancer: a population-based study. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:161-6.
95. Thum MJ. Aspirin NSAIDs, and digestive tract cancers. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1994;13:269-77.
96. Wong A, Fu S, Varanasi RV, Ramanujam KS, Fantry GT, Wilson KT. Expression of iducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 and modulation by omeprazole in Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Gastroenterology 1997;112:A332.
97. Nakamura M, Matsui H, Suzuki H, Ishiii I, Tsuchimoto K. HP-induced altered distribution of mesenchymal cells in human gastric mucosa: expression of cyclooxygenase-2. Gut 2000;47(Suppl 1):56.
98. Kimura A, Tsuji S, Tsujii M, Sawaoka H, Iijima H, Kawai N, et al. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and nitrotyrosine in human gastric mucosa before and after Helicobacter pylori eradication. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2000;63:315-22.
99. Wambura C, Aoyama N, Shirasaka D, Kuroda K, Maekawa S, Ebara S, et al. Influence of gastritis on cyclooxygenase-2 expression before and after eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. Gastroenterology 2002; 122:M882.
100. Genta RM. Atrophy, metaplasia and dysplasia: are they reversible? Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998;30(Suppl 3):324-5.
101. Valle J, Gisbert JP. Helicobacter pylori infection and precancerous lesions of the stomach. Hepatogastroenterology 2001;48:1548-51.
102. Kimura A, Tsuji S, Tsujii M, Kawai N, Yasumaru M, Kakiuchi Y, et al. Cure of H. pylori infection does not reduce COX-2 and nitrotyrosine expression in gastric mucosa with intestinal metaplasia. Gastroenterology 2001;120(Suppl 1):2990.
103. Walker MM. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in early gastric cancer, intestinal metaplasia and Helicobacter pylori infection. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002;14:347-9.