-
1
-
-
0346193149
-
-
note
-
Farmer and Doms first computed the basic distribution of ground ice on the basis of subsurface temperatures being below the current mean atmospheric water vapor saturation temperature (40). Zent, Fanale, Savail, and Postawko (41) included treatment of subsurface gas diffusion and adsorption over obliquity cycles. Paige (42) found that the extent of stable ice was increased by consideration of likely layered soils. In a series of papers, Mellon has modeled the probable distribution (latitude, longitude, depth, and time) of ground ice over several million years (43-45).
-
-
-
-
11
-
-
0348084528
-
-
H. H. Kieffer et al., Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ), chap. 23
-
P. Thomas, S. Squyres, K. Herkenhoff, A. Howard, B. Murray, in Mars, H. H. Kieffer et al., Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, 1992), chap. 23.
-
(1992)
Mars
-
-
Thomas, P.1
Squyres, S.2
Herkenhoff, K.3
Howard, A.4
Murray, B.5
-
14
-
-
18444415740
-
-
W. V. Boynton et al., Science 297, 81 (2002).
-
(2002)
Science
, vol.297
, pp. 81
-
-
Boynton, W.V.1
-
15
-
-
0347454506
-
-
note
-
Reviews of martian conditions discuss polar caps (46), water in the atmosphere (47), and annual polar caps (48).
-
-
-
-
16
-
-
0346193146
-
-
note
-
TES albedo measurements were used because the THEMIS Visible Imaging Subsystem (VIS) images are not currently radiometrically calibrated.
-
-
-
-
17
-
-
0346193147
-
-
note
-
2 that lies between unit I and unit D narrows in size as summer progresses.
-
-
-
-
18
-
-
0346823726
-
-
note
-
2 at the surface elevation. The radiance levels for the entire THEMIS strip were adjusted to bring the brightness temperature of unit C to 144 K, as expected from extensive TES observations.
-
-
-
-
19
-
-
0348084524
-
-
note
-
Bolometer observations were used instead of the spectrometer observations because of better spatial and temporal coverage.
-
-
-
-
20
-
-
0347454502
-
-
note
-
2.
-
-
-
-
21
-
-
0347454503
-
-
note
-
A sol is one full martian day, 24.6 hours.
-
-
-
-
22
-
-
0348084525
-
-
note
-
-1/2.
-
-
-
-
23
-
-
0347454504
-
-
note
-
2 budget to disappear at the observed date for each area, then for another 80 martian days (sols) with 1-sol spacing.
-
-
-
-
24
-
-
0347454505
-
-
note
-
-1 mode, respectively.
-
-
-
-
25
-
-
0037992460
-
-
M. T. Mellon, B. M. Jakosky, H. H. Kieffer, P. R. Christensen, Icarus 148, 437 (2000).
-
(2000)
Icarus
, vol.148
, pp. 437
-
-
Mellon, M.T.1
Jakosky, B.M.2
Kieffer, H.H.3
Christensen, P.R.4
-
26
-
-
0346193104
-
-
note
-
1/2, respectively.
-
-
-
-
27
-
-
0346823674
-
-
note
-
-2, or about 0.2% of the average absorbed solar flux; the surface temperature is lowered by less than 0.2 K.
-
-
-
-
28
-
-
0348084466
-
-
note
-
-4 (34).
-
-
-
-
29
-
-
0346193145
-
-
See figure 17 in (30)
-
See figure 17 in (30).
-
-
-
-
30
-
-
0033773224
-
-
H. Kieffer, T. Titus, K. Mullins, P. Christensen, J. Geophys. Res. 105, 9653 (2000).
-
(2000)
J. Geophys. Res.
, vol.105
, pp. 9653
-
-
Kieffer, H.1
Titus, T.2
Mullins, K.3
Christensen, P.4
-
31
-
-
0347454501
-
-
See Mellon 1993 (43), 1995 (44), and 1997 (45) for a detailed discussion
-
See Mellon 1993 (43), 1995 (44), and 1997 (45) for a detailed discussion.
-
-
-
-
32
-
-
0346823725
-
-
note
-
d the dust grain radius, and f the dust fraction. Thus, assuming that the dust is captured atmospheric dust (with a radius of ∼2 μm), dust fractions of 0.1 and 0.0001 would imply ice grain radii of 8 to 80 μm.
-
-
-
-
34
-
-
0000432910
-
-
E. S. Barker, R. A. Schorn, A. Woszczyk, R. G. Tull, S. J. Little, Science 170, 1308 (1970).
-
(1970)
Science
, vol.170
, pp. 1308
-
-
Barker, E.S.1
Schorn, R.A.2
Woszczyk, A.3
Tull, R.G.4
Little, S.J.5
-
36
-
-
0348084522
-
-
paper presented, Birmingham, AL, 6 to 11 October
-
M. D. Smith, J. L. Bandfield, M. I. Richardson, P. R. Christensen, paper presented at the annual meeting of the Division of Planetary Scientists, Birmingham, AL, 6 to 11 October 2002.
-
(2002)
Annual Meeting of the Division of Planetary Scientists
-
-
Smith, M.D.1
Bandfield, J.L.2
Richardson, M.I.3
Christensen, P.R.4
-
39
-
-
0348084520
-
-
note
-
2.
-
-
-
-
41
-
-
0002552745
-
-
A. P. Zent, F. P. Fanale, J. R. Salvail, S. E. Postawko, Icarus 67, 19 (1986).
-
(1986)
Icarus
, vol.67
, pp. 19
-
-
Zent, A.P.1
Fanale, F.P.2
Salvail, J.R.3
Postawko, S.E.4
-
42
-
-
0003047962
-
-
D. A. Paige, Nature 356, 43 (1992).
-
(1992)
Nature
, vol.356
, pp. 43
-
-
Paige, D.A.1
-
44
-
-
0029519095
-
-
_, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 11781 (1995).
-
(1995)
J. Geophys. Res.
, vol.100
, pp. 11781
-
-
-
46
-
-
0346193099
-
-
B. Schmitt et al., Eds. (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, Netherlands)
-
F. Forget, in Solar System Ices, B. Schmitt et al., Eds. (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1998), pp. 447-510.
-
(1998)
Solar System Ices
, pp. 447-510
-
-
Forget, F.1
-
47
-
-
0348084464
-
-
H. H. Kieffer et al., Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ), chap. 28
-
B. M. Jakosky, R. M. Haberle, in Mars, H. H. Kieffer et al., Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, 1992), chap. 28.
-
(1992)
Mars
-
-
Jakosky, B.M.1
Haberle, R.M.2
-
48
-
-
0346823673
-
-
H. H. Kieffer et al., Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ,), chap. 27
-
P. B. James, H. H. Kieffer, D. A. Paige, in Mars, H. H. Kieffer et al., Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, 1992), chap. 27.
-
(1992)
Mars
-
-
James, P.B.1
Kieffer, H.H.2
Paige, D.A.3
-
49
-
-
0027868553
-
-
J.E. Tillman, N. C. Johnson, P. Gettorp, D. B. Percival, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 10963 (1993).
-
(1993)
J. Geophys. Res.
, vol.98
, pp. 10963
-
-
Tillman, J.E.1
Johnson, N.C.2
Gettorp, P.3
Percival, D.B.4
-
50
-
-
0348084463
-
-
note
-
We acknowledge the extensive effort by J. Bell III and T. McConnochie to achieve relative calibration of THEMIS VIS images, including V00910003.
-
-
-
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