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Volumn 299, Issue 5609, 2003, Pages 1048-1051

Exposed water ice discovered near the south pole of Mars

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; ICE; SOILS; THERMAL EFFECTS; WATER;

EID: 0037436183     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1080497     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (195)

References (50)
  • 1
    • 0346193149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Farmer and Doms first computed the basic distribution of ground ice on the basis of subsurface temperatures being below the current mean atmospheric water vapor saturation temperature (40). Zent, Fanale, Savail, and Postawko (41) included treatment of subsurface gas diffusion and adsorption over obliquity cycles. Paige (42) found that the extent of stable ice was increased by consideration of likely layered soils. In a series of papers, Mellon has modeled the probable distribution (latitude, longitude, depth, and time) of ground ice over several million years (43-45).
  • 11
    • 0348084528 scopus 로고
    • H. H. Kieffer et al., Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ), chap. 23
    • P. Thomas, S. Squyres, K. Herkenhoff, A. Howard, B. Murray, in Mars, H. H. Kieffer et al., Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, 1992), chap. 23.
    • (1992) Mars
    • Thomas, P.1    Squyres, S.2    Herkenhoff, K.3    Howard, A.4    Murray, B.5
  • 14
  • 15
    • 0347454506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Reviews of martian conditions discuss polar caps (46), water in the atmosphere (47), and annual polar caps (48).
  • 16
    • 0346193146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • TES albedo measurements were used because the THEMIS Visible Imaging Subsystem (VIS) images are not currently radiometrically calibrated.
  • 17
    • 0346193147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2 that lies between unit I and unit D narrows in size as summer progresses.
  • 18
    • 0346823726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2 at the surface elevation. The radiance levels for the entire THEMIS strip were adjusted to bring the brightness temperature of unit C to 144 K, as expected from extensive TES observations.
  • 19
    • 0348084524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Bolometer observations were used instead of the spectrometer observations because of better spatial and temporal coverage.
  • 20
    • 0347454502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2.
  • 21
    • 0347454503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • A sol is one full martian day, 24.6 hours.
  • 22
    • 0348084525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • -1/2.
  • 23
    • 0347454504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2 budget to disappear at the observed date for each area, then for another 80 martian days (sols) with 1-sol spacing.
  • 24
    • 0347454505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • -1 mode, respectively.
  • 26
    • 0346193104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 1/2, respectively.
  • 27
    • 0346823674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • -2, or about 0.2% of the average absorbed solar flux; the surface temperature is lowered by less than 0.2 K.
  • 28
    • 0348084466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • -4 (34).
  • 29
    • 0346193145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See figure 17 in (30)
    • See figure 17 in (30).
  • 31
    • 0347454501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See Mellon 1993 (43), 1995 (44), and 1997 (45) for a detailed discussion
    • See Mellon 1993 (43), 1995 (44), and 1997 (45) for a detailed discussion.
  • 32
    • 0346823725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • d the dust grain radius, and f the dust fraction. Thus, assuming that the dust is captured atmospheric dust (with a radius of ∼2 μm), dust fractions of 0.1 and 0.0001 would imply ice grain radii of 8 to 80 μm.
  • 39
    • 0348084520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2.
  • 42
  • 44
    • 0029519095 scopus 로고
    • _, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 11781 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 11781
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    • 0346193099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B. Schmitt et al., Eds. (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, Netherlands)
    • F. Forget, in Solar System Ices, B. Schmitt et al., Eds. (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1998), pp. 447-510.
    • (1998) Solar System Ices , pp. 447-510
    • Forget, F.1
  • 47
    • 0348084464 scopus 로고
    • H. H. Kieffer et al., Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ), chap. 28
    • B. M. Jakosky, R. M. Haberle, in Mars, H. H. Kieffer et al., Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, 1992), chap. 28.
    • (1992) Mars
    • Jakosky, B.M.1    Haberle, R.M.2
  • 48
    • 0346823673 scopus 로고
    • H. H. Kieffer et al., Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ,), chap. 27
    • P. B. James, H. H. Kieffer, D. A. Paige, in Mars, H. H. Kieffer et al., Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, 1992), chap. 27.
    • (1992) Mars
    • James, P.B.1    Kieffer, H.H.2    Paige, D.A.3
  • 50
    • 0348084463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • We acknowledge the extensive effort by J. Bell III and T. McConnochie to achieve relative calibration of THEMIS VIS images, including V00910003.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.