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5
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0002367796
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G. M. Shepherd, Ed. (Oxford Univ. Press, New York)
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E. D. Young, in The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, G. M. Shepherd, Ed. (Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1998), pp. 121-157.
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(1998)
The Synaptic Organization of the Brain
, pp. 121-157
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Young, E.D.1
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7
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0003155254
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G. M. Edelman, W. E. Gall, W. M. Cowan, Eds. (Wiley & Sons, New York)
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N. Suga, in Auditory Function: Neurobiological Bases of Hearing, G. M. Edelman, W. E. Gall, W. M. Cowan, Eds. (Wiley & Sons, New York, 1988), pp. 679-720.
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(1988)
Auditory Function: Neurobiological Bases of Hearing
, pp. 679-720
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Suga, N.1
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8
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0001874917
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M. S. Gazzaniga, Ed. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, Cambridge, MA)
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_, in The Cognitive Neurosciences, M. S. Gazzaniga, Ed. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, Cambridge, MA, 1994), pp. 295-313.
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(1994)
The Cognitive Neurosciences
, pp. 295-313
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14
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0346193089
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note
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RSS were similar to stimuli originally developed by E. D. Young for studying subcortical auditory neurons. Stimuli consisted of logarithmically spaced tones with amplitudes randomly distributed around a mean value. The tones were grouped into frequency bins such that all tones within a bin shared the same amplitude.
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15
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0346193088
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note
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Tr, where α represents the single unique eigenvalue of the frequency autocorrelation matrix of Λ. This estimate represents a rate-weighted average wideband stimulus (the optimal linear stimulus) scaled by overall rate.
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17
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0023926436
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_, Brain Res. 472, 139 (1988).
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(1988)
Brain Res.
, vol.472
, pp. 139
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18
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0013286836
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A. R. Palmer, A. Rees, A. Q. Summerfield, R. Meddis, Eds. (Whurr Publishers, London)
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B. M. Calhoun, R. L. Miller, J. C. Wong, E. D. Young, in Psychophysical and Physiological Advances in Hearing, A. R. Palmer, A. Rees, A. Q. Summerfield, R. Meddis, Eds. (Whurr Publishers, London, 1998), pp. 170-177.
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(1998)
Psychophysical and Physiological Advances in Hearing
, pp. 170-177
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Calhoun, B.M.1
Miller, R.L.2
Wong, J.C.3
Young, E.D.4
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20
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0346823649
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note
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Extracellular recording methods have been described previously (29). Neurons were isolated from all cortical layers and were sampled on the superior temporal gyrus from the lateral sulcus medially to nonauditory areas laterally. This region comprises A1 and the lateral belt. OLS have spectral profiles matching a neuron's WF.
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21
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0347454435
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note
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WF similarity curves compared WFs computed from spikes in each 20-ms interval of stimulus duration with a WF computed from spikes throughout the stimulus interval. Similarity measures between each pair of WF vectors were normalized inner products, which could take on values in the range [-1, 1] (perfect match was 1, chance value was 0). All 90 neurons were studied with stimuli at least 100 ms in duration; 22 neurons were studied with longer stimuli.
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22
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0346823650
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note
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Rate-level curves were constructed by varying the mean level of the OLS at a fixed contrast and measuring the corresponding rate. Rate-contrast curves were constructed by taking the peak of the rate-level curve at each contrast value.
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23
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0023007954
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L. M. Aitkin, M. M. Merzenich, D. R. Irvine, J. C. Clarey, J. E. Nelson, J. Comp. Neurol. 252, 175 (1986).
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(1986)
J. Comp. Neurol.
, vol.252
, pp. 175
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Aitkin, L.M.1
Merzenich, M.M.2
Irvine, D.R.3
Clarey, J.C.4
Nelson, J.E.5
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24
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0348084450
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thesis, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
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H. R. Seiden, thesis, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ (1957).
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(1957)
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Seiden, H.R.1
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30
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0346193085
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note
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We thank E. D. Young for generously sharing the theory behind RSS, E. Bartlett for comments on a previous version of this manuscript, and A. Pistorio for assistance in animal training and graphic design. Supported by NIH grant DC-03180 and a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (X.W.).
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