A numerical solution for laser heating of titanium and nitrogen diffusion in solid

Journal of Materials Processing Technology

Volumn 136, Issue 1-3, 2003, Pages 12-23

  Yilbas, B S ^a   Shuja, S Z ^a   Hashmi, M S J ^b  

^a KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND MINERALS   (Saudi Arabia)

^b DUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY   (Ireland)

Author keywords

Laser heating; Nitrogen diffusion; Transient conservation equationsb

Indexed keywords

COOLING; DIFFUSION; HEAT TRANSFER; HEATING; LASER BEAM EFFECTS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; NITROGEN; TITANIUM;

LASER HEATING;

SURFACE TREATMENT;

EID: 0037431457     PISSN: 09240136     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0924-0136(02)00812-9     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. I.J. Polmear, Light Alloys, The Metallurgy of the Light Metals, 2nd ed., Edward Arnold, 1989.
2. Jianglong L., Qiquan L., Zhirong Z. Laser gas alloying of titanium alloy with nitrogen. Surf. Coat. Technol. 5:1993;191-195.
3. Miller P.D., Holladay J.W. Friction and wear properties of titanium. Wear. 2:1958-1959;133-140.
4. Manca O., Morrone B., Vincenzo N. Quasi-steady-state-three-dimensional temperature distribution induced by a moving circular Gaussian heat source in a finite depth solid. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. 38(7):1995;1305-1315.
5. Wei P.S., Shian M.D. Three-dimensional analytical temperature field around the welding cavity produced by a moving distributed high-intensity beam. ASME J. Heat Transfer. 115:1993;848-856.
6. Chen J., Lee S. Transient temperature profiles in solids heated with scanning laser. J. Appl. Phys. 54:1983;1062-1066.
7. Kant R., Deckert K.L. Laser-induced heating of a multilayered medium resting on a half-space: part ii - moving source. ASME J. Heat Transfer. 113(1):1991;12-20.
8. Gratzke U., Kapadia P.D., Dowden J. Heat conduction in high-speed laser welding. J. Phys. D. 24:1991;2125-2134.
9. Amano R.S., Brandt H. Numerical study of turbulent axisymmetric jets impinging on a flat plate and flowing into an axisymmetric cavity. J. Fluids Eng. 106:1984;410-417.
10. Ashforth-Frost S., Jambunathan K. Numerical prediction of semi-confined jet impingement and comparisons with experimental data. Int. J. Num. Meth. Fluids. 23:1996;295-306.
11. Cooper D., Jackson D.C., Launder B.E., Liao G.X. Impinging jet studies for turbulence model assessment - i. flow-field experiments. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. 36(36):1993;2675-2684.
12. Gibson M.M., Launder B.E. Ground effects on pressure fluctuations in the atmospheric boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 86:1978;491-511.
13. Strahle W.C. Stagnation point flows with freestream turbulence - the matching condition. AIAA J. 23:1985;1822-1824.
14. Bizzak D.J., Chyu M.K. Use of a laser-induced fluorescence thermal imaging system for local jet impingement heat transfer measurement. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. 38(2):1995;267-274.
15. Huber A.M., Viskanta R. Effect of jet-jet spacing on convective heat transfer to confined, impinging arrays of axisymmetric air jets. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. 37(18):1994;2859-2869.
16. Shuja S.Z., Yilbas B.S., Budair M.O. Modeling of laser heating of solid substance including assisting gas impingement. Numer. Heat Transfer, Part A. 33:1998;315-339.
17. Wood F.W., Paasche O.G. Dubious details of nitrogen diffusion in nitrided titanium. Thin Solid Films. 40:1977;131-137.
18. W. Rodi, Turbulence Models and their Application in Hydraulics - A State of the Art Review, 2nd ed., International Association for Hydraulic Research, University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Federal Republic of Germany, 1984.
19. Craft T.J., Graham L.J.W., Launder B.E. Impinging jet studies for turbulence model assessment - ii. an examination of the performance of four turbulence models. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. 36(10):1993;2685-2697.
20. P. Bradshaw, T. Cebeci, J.H. Whitelaw, Engineering Calculation Methods for Turbulent Flow, Academic Press, New York, 1981, Chapter 3, p. 51.
21. Elkaim D., Reggio M., Camarero R. Simulating two-dimensional turbulent flow by using the k-ε model and the vorticity-stream function formulation. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids. 14:1992;961-980.
22. S.V. Patankar, Numerical Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1980.
23. Gicquel A., Laidani N., Saillard P., Amouroux J. Plasma and nitrides: application to the nitriding of titanium. Pure Appl. Chem. 62(9):1990;1743-1750.
24. Akgun O.V., Inal O.T. Laser surface modification of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. J. Mater. Sci. 29:1994;1159-1168.
25. F.W. Wood, A re-examination of the Ti-TiN phase system, Ph.D. Thesis, Oregon State University, Corvollis, 1974.