Germination and early survival of Eucalyptus blakelyi in grasslands of the New England Tablelands, NSW, Australia

Forest Ecology and Management

Volumn 173, Issue 1-3, 2003, Pages 319-334

  Li, J ^a   Duggin, J A ^a   Grant, C D ^a,c   Loneragan, W A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW ENGLAND   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^c ALCOA INC   (United States)

Author keywords

Frost tolerance; Herbaceous competition; Low temperature germination; Seedling establishment; Site preparation

Indexed keywords

CULTIVATION; ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEMS; ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING; LAND USE; SEED;

GERMINATION;

FORESTRY;

COLD TOLERANCE; GERMINATION; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; SEED PREDATION; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; SITE PREPARATION;

CULTIVATION; ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEMS; FORESTRY; GERMINATION; GRASS LANDS; LAND USE; REFORESTATION; SEEDS;

AUSTRALIA;

EUCALYPTUS; FORMICIDAE;

EID: 0037415992     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00013-0     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Alexander, M.E., 1982. Calculating and interpreting forest fire intensities. Can. J. Bot. 60, 349-357.
2. An, M., Pratley, J.E., Haig, T., 1997a. Phytotoxicity of vulpia residues. 1. Investigation of aqueous extracts. J. Chem. Ecol. 23, 1979-1995.
3. An, M., Pratley, J.E., Haig, T., Jellett, P., 1997b. Genotypic variation of plant species to the allelopathic effects of vulpia residues. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 37, 647-660.
4. Andersen, A.N., Ashton, D.H., 1985. Rates of seed removal by ants at heath and woodland sites in southeastern Australia. Aust. J. Ecol. 10, 381-390.
5. Battaglia, M., Wilson, L.P., 1990. Effect of shelterwoods on stocking and growth of regeneration in dry high altitude Eucalyptus delegatensis forest. Aust. For. 53, 259-265.
6. Bell, D.T., 1994. Interaction of fire, temperature and light in the germination response of 16 species from the Eucalyptus marginata forest of south-western Western Australia. Aust. J. Bot. 42, 501-509.
7. Bell, D.T., Bellairs, S.M., 1992. Effects of temperature on the germination of selected Australian native species used in the rehabilitation of bauxite mining disturbance in Western Australia. Seed Sci. Technol. 20, 47-55.
8. Bell, D.T., Williams, J.E., 1997. Eucalypt ecophysiology. In: Williams, J.E., Woinarski, J.C.Z. (Eds.), Eucalypt Ecology: Individuals to Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 168-196.
9. Bennett, L.T., Weston, C.J., Judd, T.S., Attiwill, P.M., Whiteman, P.H., 1996. The effects of fertilizers on early growth and foliar nutrient concentrations of three plantation eucalypts on high quality sites in Gippsland, southeastern Australia. For. Ecol. Manage. 89, 213-226.
10. Boland, D.J., Brooker, M.I.H., Turnbull, J.W., Kleinig, D.A., 1980. Eucalyptus Seed. CSIRO, Sydney.
11. Brown, J.H., Reichman, O.J., Davidson, D.W., 1979. Granivory in desert ecosystems. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 10, 102-110.
12. Bulinski, J., McArthur, C., 1999. An experimental field study of the effects of mammalian herbivore damage on Eucalyptus nitens seedlings. For. Ecol. Manage. 113, 241-249.
13. Bureau of Meteorology, 2000 (accessed 10/03/2000). Climate Averages. Commonwealth of Australia 2000, Bureau of Meteorology. www.bom.gov.au.
14. Burr, E.J., 1980. NEVA Users Manual: Analysis of Variance for Complete Factorial Experiments. University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
15. Burr, P., 1996. Newling Weather Station East Armidale NSW. University of New England, Armidade, NSW, Australia.
16. Byram, G.M., 1959. Combustion of forest fuels. In: Davis, K.P. (Ed.), Forest Fire: Control and Use. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 61-89.
17. Chilcott, C.R., 1998. The initial impacts of reforestation and deforestation on herbaceous species, litter decomposition, soil biota, and nutrients in native temperate pastures on the Northern Tablelands, NSW. Ph.D. Thesis. University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
18. Clarke, P.J., 2000. Plant population processes in temperate woodlands of eastern Australia - premises for management. In: Hobbs, R.J., Yates, C.J. (Eds.), Temperate Eucalypt Woodlands in Australia: Biology, Conservation, Management and Restoration. Surrey Beatty & Sons, Chipping Norton, pp. 248-270.
19. Clifford, H.T., 1953. A note on the germination of Eucalyptus seed. Aust. For. 17, 17-20.
20. Conacher, A., Conacher, J., 1995. Rural Land Degradation in Australia. Oxford University Press, Melbourne, Australia.
21. Crawley, M.J., 2000. Seed predators and plant population dynamics. In: Fenner, M. (Ed.), Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities. CAB International, Oxon., pp. 167-182.
22. Curtis, D., 1989. Eucalypt re-establishment on the northern tablelands of New South Wales. M.Sc. Thesis. The University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
23. Davidson, B., Davidson, S., 1992. Bushland on Farms: Do You Have a Choice? Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, Australia.
24. Davidson, N.J., Reid, J.B., 1985. Frost as a factor influencing the growth and distribution of subalpine eucalypts. Aust. J. Bot. 33, 657-667.
25. Duggin, J.A., 1981. The use of ecological provinces and land systems in the study of Eucalyptus dieback on the New England Tablelands. In: Old, K.M., Kile, G.A., Ohmart, C.P. (Eds.), Eucalypt Dieback in Forests and Woodlands. CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 245-260.
26. Facelli, J.M., Williams, R., Fricker, S., Ladd, B., 1999. Establishment and growth of seedlings of Eucalyptus obliqua: interactive effects of litter, water, and pathogens. Aust. J. Ecol. 24, 484-494.
27. Fenner, M., 1985. Seed Ecology. Chapman & Hall, London.
28. Fowler, N.L., 1988. What is a safe site? Neighbor, litter, germination date, and patch effects. Ecology 69, 947-961.
29. Geiger, R., Aron, R.H., Todhunter, P., 1995. The Climate Near the Ground. Vieweg, Braunschweig.
30. Gill, A.M., 1997. Eucalypts and fires: interdependent or independent? In: Williams, J.E., Woinarski, J.C.Z. (Eds.), Eucalypt Ecology: Individuals to Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 151-167.
31. Grant, C.D., 1997. Fire ecology in rehabilitated bauxite mines in the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest of South-western Australia. Ph.D. Thesis. The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
32. Grose, R.J., 1962. Germination responses of seeds of Victorian eucalypts. In: Proceedings of the ANZAAS Conference on Section K, Sydney.
33. Haines, P.J., Bell, A.B., Thatcher, L.P., 1994. Evaluation of some factors involved in reducing browsing damage to eucalypt trees by sheep. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 34, 601-607.
34. Harwood, C.E., 1980. Frost resistance of subalpine Eucalyptus species. I. Experiments using a radiation frost room. Aust. J. Bot. 28, 587-599.
35. Heatwole, H., Lowman, M., 1986. Dieback, Death of An Australian Landscape. Reed Books Pry. Ltd., Frenchs Forest.
36. Hobbs, R.J., Yates, C.J. (Eds.), 2000. Temperate Eucalypt Woodlands in Australia: Biology, Conservation, Management and Restoration. Surrey Beatty & Sons, Chipping Norton.
37. Jacobs, M.R., 1955. Growth Habits of the Eucalypts, Forestry and Timber Bureau, Canberra, Australia.
38. Keith, H., 1997. Nutrient cycling in eucalypt ecosystem. In: Williams, J.E., Woinarski, J.C.Z. (Eds.), Eucalypt Ecology: Individuals to Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 197-226.
39. Kile, G.A., 1981. An overview of eucalypt dieback in rural Australia. In: Old, K.M., Kile, G.A., Ohmart, C.P. (Eds.), Eucalypt Dieback in Forests and Woodlands. CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 13-26.
40. Lamont, B., 1985. Gradient and zonal analysis of understorey suppression by Eucalyptus wandoo. Vegetatio 63, 49-66.
41. Li, J., 2001. Disturbance ecology in temperate pastures on the New England Tablelands of NSW, Australia: herbaceous vegetation, Eucalyptus blakelyi and the environment in relation to anthropogenic influences. Ph.D. Thesis. University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
42. McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A., 1999. Generalised Linear Models. Chapman & Hall, Boca Raton, FL.
43. McIntyre, S., Barrett, G.W., 1992. Habitat variegation: an alternative to fragmentation. Conserv. Biol. 6, 146-147.
44. Murray, B.R., 1998. Density-dependent germination and the role of seed leachate. Aust. J. Ecol. 23, 411-418.
45. Norton, B.E., 1971. Grasslands of the New England Tablelands in the 19th century. J. Proc. Armidale District Hist. Soc. 15, 1-13.
46. O'Dowd, D.J., Gill, A.M., 1984. Predator satiation and site alteration following fire: mass reproduction of alpine ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis) in south east Australia. Ecology 65, 1052-1066.
47. Paton, D.M., 1981. Eucalyptus physiology. III. Frost resistance. Aust. J. Bot. 29, 675-688.
48. Probert, R.J., 1992. The role of temperature in germination ecophysiology. In: Fenner, M.M. (Ed.), Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities. CAB International, Oxon., pp. 285-326.
49. Reid, N., Landsberg, J., 2000. Tree decline in agricultural landscapes: what we stand to lose. In: Hobbs, R.J., Yates, C.J. (Eds.), Temperate Eucalypt Woodlands in Australia: Biology, Conservation, Management and Restoration. Surrey Beatty & Sons, Chipping Norton, pp. 127-166.
50. Roberts, E.H., 1988. Temperature and seed germination. In: Long, S.P., Woodward, F.I. (Eds.), Plants and Temperature. Society for Experimental Biology, Cambridge, pp. 109-132.
51. S-PLUS, 1999. Data Analysis Products Division. MathSoft, Inc., Seattle, WA.
52. Statistix, 1996. Statisfix® for Windows. Analytical Software, Tallahassee.
53. Stoneman, G.L., 1994. Ecology and physiology of establishment of eucalypt seedlings from seed: a review. Aust. For. 57, 11-30.
54. Stoneman, G.L., Dell, B., Turner, N.C., 1994. Mortality of Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah) seedlings in Mediterranean-climate forest in response to overstorey, site, seedbed, fertilizer application and grazing. Aust. J. Ecol. 19, 103-109.
55. Turnbull, J., Doran, J., 1987. Seed development and germination in the Myrtaceae. In: Langkamp, P.J. (Ed.), Germination of Australian Native Plant Seed. Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 46-57.
56. Venables, W.N., Ripley, B.D., 1999. Modern Applied Statistics with S-Plus, 3rd Edition. Springer, New York.
57. Wellington, A.B., Noble, I.R., 1985. Seed dynamics and factors limiting recruitment of the mallee Eucalyptus incrassata in semi-arid, south-eastern Australia. J. Ecol. 73, 657-666.
58. Whalley, R.D.B., Robinson, G.G., Taylor, J.A., 1978. General effects of management and grazing by domestic livestock on the rangelands of the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. Aust. Rangeland J. 1, 174-190.
59. Wilkinson, G.R., Neilsen, W.A., 1995. Implications of early browsing damage on the long term productivity of eucalypt forests. Forest Ecol. Manage. 74, 117-124.
60. Williams, J.B., Nadolny, C., 1981. A survey of eucalypt species involved in New England dieback. In: Old, K.M., Kile, G.A., Ohmart, C.P. (Eds.), Eucalypt Dieback in Forests and Woodlands. CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 74-86.
61. Windsor, D.M., Clements, A., Nolan, M.B., Sandercock, H., 2000. Recreating eucalypt woodland with a grassy understorey on a gold mine in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales. In: Hobbs, R.J., Yates, C.J. (Eds.), Temperate Eucalypt Woodlands in Australia: Biology, Conservation, Management and Restoration. Surrey Beatty & Sons, Chipping Norton, pp. 298-317.
62. Yates, C.J., Taplin, R., Hobbs, R.J., Bell, R.W., 1995. Factors limiting the recruitment of Eucalyptus salmonophloia in remnant woodlands. II. Post-dispersal seed predation and soil reserves. Aust. J. Bot. 43, 145-155.