Temporal variables of four-beat, stepping gaits of gaited horses

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

Volumn 80, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 133-142

  Nicodemus, Molly C ^a   Clayton, Hilary M ^b  

^a MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Four beat stepping gaits; Gait analysis; Gaited horse; Locomotion; Temporal kinematics

Indexed keywords

LOCOMOTION;

CANIDAE; EQUIDAE; EQUUS CABALLUS;

EID: 0037413901     PISSN: 01681591     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00219-8     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Anon, 2000. Rules for Icelandic Horse Events. International Federation of Icelandic Horse Association.
2. Clayton, H.M., 1994a. Comparison of the stride kinematics of the collected, working, medium and extended trot in horses. Equine Vet. J. 26, 230-234.
3. Clayton, H.M., 1994b. Comparison of the collected, working, medium and extended canters. Equine Vet. J. Suppl. 17, 16-19.
4. Clayton, H.M., 1995. Comparison of the stride kinematics of the collected, medium, and extended walks in horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 56 (7), 849-852.
5. Clayton, H.M., Bradbury, J.W., 1995. Temporal characteristics of the fox trot, a symmetrical equine gait. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 42, 153-159.
6. Crawford, W.H., Leach, D.H., 1984. The effect of racetrack design on gait symmetry of the pacer. Can. J. Comp. Med. 48, 374-380.
7. Deuel, N.R., Lawrence, L.M., 1986. Gallop velocity and limb contact variables of quarter horses. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 6, 143-147.
8. Deuel, N.R., Park, J.J., 1990. The gait patterns of Olympic dressage horses. Int. J. Sport Biomech. 6, 198-226.
9. Drevemo, S., Dalin, D., Fredricson, I., 1980. Equine locomotion. Part 1. The analysis of linear and temporal stride characteristics of trotting standardbreds. Equine Vet. J. 12 (2), 60-65.
10. Hildebrand, M., 1965. Symmetrical gaits of horses. Science 150, 701-708.
11. Hildebrand, M., 1978. The adaptive significance of tetrapod gait selection. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Zoologists, Richmond, VA, December 1978, pp. 255-267.
12. Hodson, E.F., Clayton, H.M., Lanovaz, J.L., 1998. Temporal analysis of walk movements in the Grand Prix dressage test at the 1996 Olympic games. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 62, 89-97.
13. Hodson, E.F., Clayton, H.M., Lanovaz, J.L., 2000. The forelimb in the walking horse. Part 1. Kinematics and ground reaction forces. Equine Vet. J. 32, 287-294.
14. Hodson, E.F., Clayton, H.M., Lanovaz, J.L., 2001. The hind limb in the walking horse. Part 1. Kinematics and ground reaction forces. Equine Vet. J. 33, 38-43.
15. Holmström, M., Fredricson, I., Drevemo, S., 1995. Biokinematic effects of collection on the trotting gaits in the elite dressage horse. Equine Vet. J. 27, 281-287.
16. Imus, B., 1995. Heavenly Gaits: The Complete Guide to Gaited Riding Horses. CrossOver Publications, New York, pp. 11-24.
17. Leach, D.H., Sprigings, E.J., Laverty, W.H., 1987. Multivariate statistical analysis of stride-timing measurements of nonfatigued racing thoroughbreds. Am. J. Vet. Res. 48, 880-888.
18. Linford, R.I., 1994. Camera speeds for optoelectronic measurement of stride timing characteristics in horses at the trot. Am. J. Vet. Res. 55, 1189-1195.
19. Nicodemus, M.C., Lanovaz, J.L., Clayton, H.M., 2000. Temporal stride variables of 4-beat square gaits. In: Proceedings of the Association of Equine Sports Medicine Meetings: Equine Fitness - The Olympic Way, 329, v.
20. Wilson, B.D., Neal, R.J., Howard, A., 1988. The gait of pacers. Part 1. Kinematics of the racing stride. Equine Vet. J. 20, 341-346.
21. Zips, S., Peham, C., Scheidl, M., Licka, T., Girtler, D., 2001. Motion pattern of toelt of Icelandic horses at different speeds. Equine Vet. J. Suppl. 33, 109-111.