Simian virus 40 infection of humans

Journal of Virology

Volumn 77, Issue 9, 2003, Pages 5039-5045

  Garcea, Robert L ^a   Imperiale, Michael J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADENOVIRUS VACCINE; POLIOMYELITIS VACCINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VIRUS VACCINE;

ACUTE DISEASE; ALLELE; BIOTRANSFORMATION; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CELL CYCLE; CELL CYCLE S PHASE; CERCOPITHECIDAE; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID; CHOROID PLEXUS TUMOR; CHRONIC DISEASE; CONTAMINATION; CROSS REACTION; CYTOLYSIS; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; DNA REPLICATION; DNA SEQUENCE; DNA SYNTHESIS; EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS; FIBROBLAST; FOLLOW UP; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; HUMAN; IMMUNE STATUS; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; JC VIRUS; KIDNEY CELL CULTURE; KIDNEY DISEASE; KIDNEY TUBULE EPITHELIUM; LYMPHOMA; MESOTHELIOMA; MESOTHELIUM CELL; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; NONHUMAN; OSTEOSARCOMA; PAPILLOMA VIRUS; PATHOGENESIS; POLIOMYELITIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; POLYOMA VIRUS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SHORT SURVEY; SIMIAN VIRUS 40; STEADY STATE; TRANSGENIC MOUSE; VACCINATION; VIRAL GENETICS; VIRUS INFECTION; VIRUS ISOLATION; VIRUS REPLICATION;

ANIMALS; CELL LINE; HUMANS; POLYOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS; SIMIAN VIRUS 40; TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS; VIRULENCE;

EID: 0037405891     PISSN: 0022538X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.9.5039-5045.2003     Document Type: Short Survey

References (132)

1. Alwine, J. C., S. I. Reed, and G. R. Stark. 1977. Characterization of the autoregulation of simian virus 40 gene A. J. Virol. 24:22-27.
2. Bastian, G. O. 1971. Papova-like virus particles in a human brain tumor. Lab. Investig. 25:169-175.
3. Bergsagel, D. J., M. J. Finegold, J. S. Butel, W. J. Kupsky, and R. L. Garcea. 1992. DNA sequences similar to those of simian virus 40 in ependymomas and choroid plexus tumors of childhood. N. Engl. J. Med. 326:988-993.
4. Bocchetta, M., I. Di Resta, A. Powers, R. Fresco, A. Tosolini, J. R. Testa, H. I. Pass, P. Rizzo, and M. Carbone. 2000. Human mesothelial cells are unusually susceptible to simian virus 40-mediated transformation and asbestos cocarcinogenicity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:10214-10219.
5. Bright, R. K., E. T. Kimchi, M. H. Shearer, R. C. Kennedy, and H. I. Pass. 2002. SV40 Tag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes generated from the peripheral blood of malignant pleural mesothelioma patients. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 50:682-690.
6. Brinster, R. L., H. Y. Chen, A. Messing, T. van Dyke, A. J. Levine, and R. D. Palmiter. 1984. Transgenic mice harboring SV40 T-antigen genes develop characteristic brain tumors. Cell 37:367-379.
7. Brockman, W. W. 1978. Transformation of BALB/c-3T3 cells by tsA mutants of simian virus 40: temperature sensitivity of the transformed phenotype and retransformation by wild-type virus. J. Virol. 25:860-870.
8. Brown, F., and A. M. J. Lewis (ed.). 1997. Simian virus 40 (SV40): a possible human polyomavirus. Developments in biological standarization, vol. 94. Karger, Basel, Switzerland.
9. Butel, J. S. 2000. Viral carcinogenesis: revelation of molecular mechanisms and etiology of human disease. Carcinogenesis 21:405-426.
10. Butel, J. S., and J. A. Lednicky. 1999. Cell and molecular biology of simian virus 40: implications for human infections and disease. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 91:119-134.
11. Carbone, M., R. A. Kratzke, and J. R. Testa. 2002. The pathogenesis of mesothelioma. Semin. Oncol. 29:2-17.
12. Carbone, M., H. I. Pass, P. Rizzo, M. Marinetti, M. DiMuzio, D. J. Y. Mew, A. S. Levine, and A. Procopio. 1994. Simian virus 40-like DNA sequences in human pleural mesothelioma. Oncogene 9:1781-1790.
13. Carbone, M., P. Rizzo, P. M. Grimley, A. Procopio, D. J. A. Mew, V. Shridhar, A. de Bartolomeis, V. Esposito, M. T. Giuliano, S. M. Steinberg, A. S. Levine, A. Giordano, and H. I. Pass. 1997. Simian virus-40 large-T antigen binds p53 in human mesotheliomas. Nat. Med. 3:908-912.
14. Carbone, M., P. Rizzo, A. Procopio, M. Giuliano, H. I. Pass, M. C. Gebhardt, C. Mangham, M. Hansen, D. G. Malkin, G. Bushart, F. Pompetti, P. Picci, A. S. Levine, D. J. Bersagel, and R. L. Garcea. 1996. SV40-like sequences in human bone tumors. Oncogene 13:527-535.
15. Chen, J., G. J. Tobin, J. M. Pipas, and T. Van Dyke. 1992. T-antigen mutant activities in vivo: roles of p53 and pRB binding in tumorigenesis of the choroid plexus. Oncogene 7:1167-1175.
16. Chou, J. Y., J. Avila, and R. G. Martin. 1974. Viral DNA synthesis in cells infected by temperature-sensitive mutants of simian virus 40. J. Virol. 14:116-124.
17. Cicala, C., F. Pompetti, and M. Carbone. 1993. SV40 induces mesotheliomas in hamsters. Am. J. Pathol. 142:1524-1533.
18. Clayson, E. T., L. V. Brando, and R. W. Compans. 1989. Release of simian virus 40 virions from epithelial cells is polarized and occurs without cell lysis. J. Virol. 63:2278-2288.
19. Cole, C. N., and S. D. Conzen. 2001. Polyomaviridae: the viruses and their replication, p. 2141-2174. In D. M. Knipe and P. M. Howley (ed.), Fields virology. Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philadelphia, Pa.
20. Dalrymple, S. A., and K. L. Beemon. 1990. BK virus T antigens induce kidney carcinomas and thymoproliferative disorders in transgenic mice. J. Virol. 64:1182-1191.
21. Dean, F. B., P. Bullock, Y. Murakami, C. R. Wobbe, L. Weissbach, and J. Hurwitz. 1987. Simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication: SV40 large T antigen unwinds DNA containing the SV40 origin of replication. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:16-20.
22. DeCaprio, J. A., J. W. Ludlow, J. Figge, J.-Y. Shew, C.-M. Huang, W.-H. Lee, E. Marsilio, E. Paucha, and D. M. Livingston. 1988. SV40 large tumor antigen forms a specific complex with the product of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene. Cell 54:275-283.
23. De Luca, A., A. Baldi, V. Esposito, C. M. Howard, L. Bagella, P. Rizzo, M. Caputi, H. I. Pass, G. G. Giordano, F. Baldi, M. Carbone, and A. Giordano. 1997. The retinoblastoma gene family pRb/p105, p107, pRb2/p13O and simian virus-40 large T-antigen in human mesotheliomas. Nat. Med. 3:913-916.
24. Del Valle, L., J. Gordon, S. Enam, S. Delbue, S. Croul, S. Abraham, S. Radhakrishnan, M. Assimakopoulou, C. D. Katsetos, and K. Khalili. 2002. Expression of human neurotropic polyomavirus JCV late gene product agnoprotein in human medulloblastoma. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 94:267-273.
25. Diamandopoulos, G. T. 1973. Induction of lymphocytic leukemia, lymphosarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma, and osteogenic sarcoma in the Syrian golden hamster by oncogenic DNA simian virus 40. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 50:1347-1365.
26. Diamandopoulos, G. T. 1972. Leukemia, lymphoma, and osteosarcoma induced in the Syrian golden hamster by simian virus 40. Science 176:173-175.
27. Dyson, N., R. Bernards, S. H. Friend, L. R. Gooding, J. A. Hassell, E. O. Major, J. M. Pipas, T. Van Dyke, and E. Harlow. 1990. Large T antigens of many polyomaviruses are able to form complexes with the retinoblastoma protein. J. Virol. 64:1353-1356.
28. Eddy, B. E. 1962. Tumors produced in hamsters by SV40. Fed. Proc. 21:930-935.
29. Eddy, B. E., G. S. Borman, W. H. Berkeley, and R. D. Young. 1961. Tumors induced in hamsters by injection of rhesus monkey kidney cell extracts. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 107:191-197.
30. Emri, S., T. Kocagoz, A. Olut, Y. Gungen, L. Mutti, and Y. I. Baris. 2000. Simian virus 40 is not a cofactor in the pathogenesis of environmentally induced malignant pleural mesothelioma in Turkey. Anti-Cancer Res. 20:891-894.
31. Engels, E. A., C. Sarkar, R. W. Daniel, P. E. Gravitt, K. Verma, M. Quezado, and K. V. Shah. 2002. Absence of simian virus 40 in human brain tumors from northern India. Int. J. Cancer 101:348-352.
32. Flægstad, T., P. A. Andresen, J. I. Johnsen, S. K. Asomani, G.-E. Jørgensen, S. Vignarajan, A. Kjuul, P. Kogner, and T. Traavik. 1999. A possible contributory role of BK virus infection in neuroblastoma development. Cancer Res. 59:1160-1163.
33. Franks, R. R., A. Rencic, J. Gordon, P. W. Zoltick, M. Curtis, R. L. Knobler, and K. Khalili. 1996. Formation of undifferentiated mesenteric tumors in transgenic mice expressing human neurotropic polyomavirus early protein. Oncogene 12:2573-2578.
34. Fraumeni, J. F. J., F. Ederer, and R. W. Miller. 1963. An evaluation of the carcinogenicity of simian virus 40 in man. JAMA 185:713-718.
35. Fraumeni, J. F. J., C. R. Stark, E. Gold, and M. L. Lepow. 1970. Simian virus 40 in polio vaccine: follow-up of newborn recipients. Science 167:59-60.
36. Gaillard, S., K. M. Fahrbach, R. Parkati, and K. Rundell. 2001. Overexpression of simian virus 40 small-t antigen blocks centrosome function and mitotic progression in human fibroblasts. J. Virol. 75:9799-9807.
37. Gamberi, G., M. S. Benassi, F. Pompetti, C. Ferrari, P. Ragazzini, M. R. Sollazzo, L. Molendini, M. Meril, G. Magagnoli, F. Chiesa, A. G. Gobbi, A. Powers, and P. Picci. 2000. Presence and expression of the simian virus-40 genome in human giant cell tumors of bone. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 28:23-30.
38. Gardner, S. D. 1973. Prevalence in England of antibody to human polyomavirus (B.K.). Br. Med. J. 1:77-78.
39. Gardner, S. D., A. M. Field, D. V. Coleman, and B. Hume. 1971. New human papovavirus (B.K.) isolated from urine after renal transplantation. Lancet i:1253-1257.
40. Gerber, P., and R. L. Kirschstein. 1962. SV40-induced ependymomas in newborn hamsters. Virology 18:582-588.
41. Girardi, A. J., F. C. Jensen, and H. Koprowski. 1965. SV40-induced transformation of human diploid cells: crisis and recovery. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 65:69-84.
42. Girardi, A. J., B. H. Sweet, and M. R. Hilleman. 1963. Factors influencing tumor induction in hamsters by vacuolating virus, SV40. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 112:662-667.
43. Girardi, A. J., B. H. Sweet, V. B. Slotnick, and M. R. Hilleman. 1962. Development of tumors in hamsters inoculated in the neo-natal period with vacuolating virus, SV40. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 109:649-660.
44. Goudsmit, J., P. Wertheim-van Dillen, A. vanStrien, and J. van der Noordaa. 1982. The role of BK virus in acute respiratory tract disease and the presence of BKV DNA in tonsils. J. Med. Virol. 10:91-99.
45. Hannon, G. J., D. Demetrick, and D. Beach. 1993. Isolation of the Rb-related p130 through its interaction with CDK2 and cyclins. Genes Dev. 7:2378-2391.
46. Hirvonen, A., K. Mattson, A. Karjalainen, T. Ollikainen, L. Tammilehto, T. Hovi, H. Vainio, H. I. Pass, I. Di Resta, M. Carbone, and K. Linnainmaa. 1999. SV40-like DNA sequences not detectable in Finnish mesothelioma patients not exposed to SV40 contaminated poliovaccines. Mol. Carcinog. 26:93-99.
47. Horváth, B. L., and F. Fornosi. 1964. Excretion of SV40 virus after oral administration of contaminated polio vaccine. Acta Microbiol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 11:271-275.
48. Horvath, C. J., M. A. Simon, D. J. Bergsagel, D. R. Pauley, N. W. King, R. L. Garcea, and D. J. Ringler. 1992. Simian virus 40 (SV40)-induced disease in rhesus monkeys with simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am. J. Pathol. 140:1431-1440.
49. Huang, H., R. Reis, Y. Yonekawa, J. M. Lopes, P. Kleihues, and H. Ohgaki. 1999. Identification in human brain tumors of DNA sequences specific for SV40 large T antigen. Brain Pathol. 9:33-44.
50. Ilyinskii, P. O., M. D. Daniel, C. J. Horvath, and R. C. Desrosiers. 1992. Genetic analysis of simian virus 40 from brains and kidneys of macaque monkeys. J. Virol. 66:6353-6360.
51. International SV40 Working Group. 2001. A multicenter evaluation of assays for detection of SV40 DNA and results in masked mesothelioma specimens. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 10:523-532.
52. Jasani, B., A. Cristaudo, S. A. Emri, A. F. Gazdar, A. Gibbs, B. Krynska, C. Miller, L. Mutti, C. Radu, M. Tognon, and A. Procopio. 2001. Association of SV40 with human tumors. Semin. Cancer Biol. 11:49-61.
53. Jha, K. K., S. Banga, V. Palejawala, and H. L. Ozer. 1998. SV40-mediated immortalization. Exp. Cell Res. 245:1-7.
54. Khoury, G., and E. May. 1977. Regulation of early and late simian virus 40 transcription: overproduction of early viral RNA in the absence of a functional T-antigen. J. Virol. 23:167-176.
55. Kim, J. Y., I. J. Koralnik, M. LeFave, R. A. Segal, L. A. Pfister, and S. L. Pomeroy. 2002. Medulloblastomas and primitive neuroectodermal tumors rarely contain polyomavirus DNA sequences. Neuro-Oncol. 4:165-170.
56. Kirschstein, R. L., and P. Gerber. 1962. Ependymomas produced after intracerebral inoculation of SV40 into new-born hamsters. Nature 195:299-300.
57. Klein, G., A. Powers, and C. Croce. 2002. Association of SV40 with human tumors. Oncogene 21:1141-1149.
58. Koprowski, H., J. A. Ponten, F. Jensen, R. G. Ravdin, P. Moorhead, and E. Saksela. 1962. Transformation of cultures of human tissue infected with simian virus 40. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 59:281-292.
59. Kouhata, T., K. Fukuyama, N. Hagihara, and K. Tabuchi. 2001. Detection of simian virus 40 DNA sequence in human primary glioblastomas multiforme. J. Neurosurg. 95:96-101.
60. Krainer, M., T. Schenk, C. C. Zielinski, and C. Muller. 1995. Failure to confirm presence of SV40 sequences in human tumors. Eur. J. Cancer 31:1893.
61. Krieg, P., E. Antmann, D. Jonas, H. Fischer, K. Zang, and G. Sauer. 1981. Episomal simian virus 40 genomes in human brain tumors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:6446-6450.
62. Krieg, P., and G. Scherer. 1984. Cloning of SV40 genomes from human brain tumors. Virology 138:336-340.
63. Krynska, B., L. D. Valle, S. Croul, J. Gordon, C. D. Katsetos, M. Carbone, A. Giordano, and K. Khalili. 1999. Detection of human neurotropic JC virus DNA sequence and expression of the viral oncogenic protein in pediatric medulloblastomas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:11519-11524.
64. Laghi, L., A. E. Randolph, D. P. Chauhan, G. Marra, E. O. Major, J. V. Neel, and C. R. Boland. 1999. JC virus DNA is present in the mucosa of the human colon and in colorectal cancers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:7484-7489.
65. Lane, D. P., and L. V. Crawford. 1979. T antigen is bound to a host protein in SV40-transformed cells. Nature 278:261-263.
66. Lednicky, J. A., and R. L. Garcea. 2000. Detection of SV40 DNA sequences in human tissue, p. 257-267. In L. Raptis (ed.), Methods in molecular biology, vol. 165. Humana Press, Totowa, N.J.
67. Lednicky, J. A., R. L. Garcea, D. J. Bergsagel, and J. S. Butel. 1995. Natural simian virus 40 strains are present in human choroid plexus and ependymoma tumors. Virology 212:710-717.
68. Lednicky, J. A., A. R. Stewart, J. J. Jenkins, M. J. Finegold, and J. S. Butel. 1997. SV40 DNA in human osteosarcomas shows sequence variation among T-antigen genes. Int. J. Cancer 72:791-800.
69. Levine, A. J. 1993. The tumor suppressor genes. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 62:623-651.
70. Li, R. M., M. H. Branton, S. Tanawattanacharoen, R. A. Falk, J. C. Jennette, and J. B. Kopp. 2002. Molecular identification of SV40 infection in human subjects and possible association with kidney disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 13:2320-2330.
71. Linzer, D. I., and A. J. Levine. 1979. Characterization of a 54K dalton cellular SV40 tumor antigen present in SV40-transformed cells and uninfected embryonal carcinoma cells. Cell 17:43-52.
72. Malkin, D., S. Chilton-MacNeill, L. A. Meister, E. Sexsmith, L. Diller, and R. L. Garcea. 2001. Tissue-specific expression of SV40 in tumors associated with the Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Oncogene 20:4441-4449.
73. Martinelli, M., F. Martini, E. Rinaldi, L. Caramanico, E. Magri, E. Grandi, F. Carinci, A. Pastore, and M. Tognon. 2002. Simian virus 40 sequences and expression of the viral large T antigen oncoprotein in human pleomorphic adenomas of parotid glands. Am. J. Pathol. 161:1127-1133.
74. Martini, F., L. Iaccheri, L. Lazzarin, P. Carinci, A. Corallini, M. Gerosa, P. Iuzzolino, G. Barbanti-Brodano, and M. Tognon. 1996. SV40 early region and large T antigen in human brain tumors, peripheral blood cells, and sperm fluids from healthy individuals. Cancer Res. 56:4820-4825.
75. McCormick, F., and E. Harlow. 1980. Association of a murine 53,000-dalton phosphoprotein with simian virus 40 large-T antigen in transformed cells. J. Virol. 34:213-224.
76. Meinke, W., D. A. Goldstein, and R. A. Smith. 1979. Simian virus 40-related DNA sequences in a human brain tumor. Neurology 29:1590-1594.
77. Melnick, J. L., and S. Stinebaugh. 1962. Excretion of vacuolating SV-40 virus (papova virus group) after ingestion as a contaminant of oral polio-vaccine. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 109:965-968.
78. Mendoza, S. M., T. Konishi, and C. W. Miller. 1998. Integration of SV40 in human osteosarcoma DNA. Oncogene 17:2457-2462.
79. Monaco, M. C., P. N. Jensen, J. Hou, L. C. Durham, and E. O. Major. 1998. Detection of JC virus DNA in human tonsil tissue: evidence for site of initial viral infection. J. Virol. 72:9918-9923.
80. Monaco, M. C., J. Shin, and E. O. Major. 1998. JC virus infection in cells from lymphoid tissue. Dev. Biol. Stand. 94:115-122.
81. Monini, P., A. Rotola, D. Di Luca, L. De Lellis, E. Chiari, A. Corallini, and E. Cassai. 1995. DNA rearrangements impairing BK virus productive infection in urinary tract tumors. Virology 214:273-279.
82. Morris, J. A., K. M. Johnson, C. G. Aulisio, R. M. Chanock, and V. Knight. 1961. Clinical and serological responses in volunteers given vacuolating virus (SV40) by respiratory route. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 108:56-59.
83. Mortimer, E. A., M. L. Lepow, E. Gold, F. C. Robbins, G. J. Burton, and J. F. Fraumeni. 1981. Long-term follow-up of persons inadvertently inoculated with SV40 as neonates. N. Engl. J. Med. 305:1517-1518.
84. Murakami, Y., C. R. Wobbe, L. Weissbach, F. B. Dean, and J. Hurwitz. 1986. Role of DNA polymerase alpha and DNA primase in simian virus 40 DNA replication in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:2869-2873.
85. Pacini, F., A. Vivaldi, M. Santoro, M. Fedele, A. Fusco, C. Romei, F. Basolo, and A. Pinchera. 1998. Simian virus 40-like DNA sequences in human papillary thyroid carcinomas. Oncogene 16:665-669.
86. Padgett, B. L., and D. L. Walker. 1976. New human papovaviruses. Prog. Med. Virol. 22:1-35.
87. Padgett, B. L., and D. L. Walker. 1973. Prevalence of antibody in human sera against JC virus, an isolate from a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J. Infect. Dis. 127:467-470.
88. Padgett, B. L., D. L. Walker, G. M. ZuRhein, R. I. Eckroade, and B. H. Dessel. 1971. Cultivation of a papova-like virus from human brain with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Lancet i:1257-1260.
89. Pagano, J. S. 2002. Viruses and lymphoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 347:89-94.
90. Pallas, D. C., L. K. Shahrik, B. L. Martin, S. Jaspers, T. B. Miller, D. L. Brautigan, and T. M. Roberts. 1990. Polyoma small and middle T antigens and SV40 small t antigen form stable complexes with protein phosphatase 2A. Cell 60:167-176.
91. Ponten, J., F. C. Jensen, and H. Koprowski. 1963. Morphoiogical and virological investigation of human tissue cultures transformed with SV40. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 61:145-163.
92. Porcu, P., A. Ferber, Z. Pietrzkowski, C. T. Roberts, M. Adamo, D. LeRoith, and R. Baserga. 1992. The growth-stimulatory effect of simian virus 40 T antigen requires the interaction of insulin-like growth factor 1 with its receptor. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:5069-5077.
93. Porras, A., S. Gaillard, and K. Rundell. 1999. The simian virus 40 small-t and large T antigens jointly regulate cell cycle reentry in human fibroblasts. J. Virol. 73:3102-3107.
94. Portolani, M., M. Borgatti, A. Corallini, E. Cassai, M. P. Grossi, and G. Barbanti-Brodano. 1978. Stable transformation of mouse, rabbit, and monkey cells and abortive transformation of human cells by BK virus, a human papovavirus. J. Gen. Virol. 38:369-374.
95. Rabson, A. S., G. T. O'Connor, L. Kirschstein, and W. L. Branigan. 1962. Papillary ependymomas produced in Rattus (mastomys) natalensis inoculated with vacuolating virus (SV40). J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 29:765-787.
96. Ray, G. A., D. S. Peabody, J. L. Cooper, L. S. Cram, and P. M. Kraemer. 1990. SV40 T antigen alone drives karyotype instability that precedes neoplastic transformation of human diploid fibroblasts. J. Cell. Biochem. 42:13-31.
97. Reed, S. I., J. Ferguson, R. W. Davis, and C. R. Stark. 1975. T antigen binds to simian virus 40 DNA at the origin of replication. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:1605-1609.
98. Reed, S. I., C. R. Stark, and J. C. Alwine. 1976. Autoregulation of simian virus 40 gene A by T antigen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73:3083-3087.
99. Rizzo, P., M. Carbone, S. Fisher, C. Matker, L. J. Swinnen, A. Powers, I. Di Resta, S. Alkan, H. I. Pass, and R. I. Fisher. 1999. Simian virus 40 is present in most United States human mesotheliomas, but it is rarely present in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Chest 166:470S-473S.
100. Rundell, K., and R. Parakati. 2001. The role of the SV40 ST antigen in cell growth promotion and transformation. Semin. Cancer Biol. 11:5-13.
101. Saenz-Robles, M. T., C. S. Sullivan, and J. M. Pipas. 2001. Transforming functions of simian virus 40. Oncogene 20:7899-7907.
102. Schell, T. D., and S. S. Tevethia. 2001. Control of advanced choroid plexus tumors in SV40 T antigen transgenic mice following priming of donor CD8(+) T lymphocytes by the endogenous tumor antigen. J. Immunol. 167:6947-6956.
103. Schell, T. D., and S. S. Tevethia. 2001. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes in SV40 infections. Methods Mol. Biol. 165:243-256.
104. Scherneck, S., M. Rudolph, E. Geissler, F. Vogel, L. Lubbe, H. Wahlte, G. Nisch, F. Weickman, and W. Zimmerman. 1979. Isolation of an SV-40 like papovavirus from human gliobtastoma. Int. J. Cancer 24:523-531.
105. Sepulveda, A. R., M. J. Finegold, B. Smith, B. L. Slagle, J. L. DeMayo, R.-F. Shen, S. L. C. Woo, and J. S. Butel. 1989. Development of a transgenic mouse system for the analysis of stages in liver carcinogenesis using tissue-specific expression of SV40 large T-antigen controlled by regulatory elements of the human α-1-antitrypsin gene. Cancer Res. 49:6108-6117.
106. Shah, K., and N. Nathanson. 1976. Human exposure to SV40: review and comment. Am. J. Epidemiol. 103:1-12.
107. Shah, K. V. 2000. Does SV40 infection contribute to the development of human cancers? Rev. Med. Virol. 10:31-43.
108. Shein, H. M., and J. F. Enders. 1962. Multiplication and cytopathogenicity of simian vacuolating virus 40 in cultures of human tissues. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 109:495-500.
109. Shein, H. M., J. F. Enders, and J. D. Levinthal. 1962. Transformation induced by simian virus 40 in human renal cell cultures. II. Cell-virus relationships. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 48:1350-1357.
110. Shivapurkar, N., K. Harada, J. Reddy, R. H. Scheuermann, Y. Xu, R. W. McKenna, S. Milchgrub, S. H. Kroft, Z. Feng, and A. F. Gazdar. 2002. Presence of simian virus 40 DNA sequence in human lymphomas. Lancet 359:851-852.
111. Shivapurkar, N., T. Wiethege, I. I. Wishuba, E. Salomon, S. Milchgrub, K. M. Muller, A. Churg, H. I. Pass, and A. F. Gazdar. 1999. Presence of simian virus 40 sequences in malignant mesotheliomas and mesothelial cell proliferations. J. Cell. Biochem. 76:181-188.
112. Smale, S. T., and R. Tjian. 1986. T-antigen-DNA polymerase alpha complex implicated in simian virus 40 DNA replication. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:4077-4087.
113. Small, J. A., G. Khoury, G. Jay, P. M. Howley, and G. A. Scangos. 1986. Early regions of JC virus and BK virus induce distinct and tissue-specific tumors in transgenic mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:8288-8292.
114. Stahl, H., P. Droge, and R. Knippers. 1986. DNA helicase activity of SV40 large tumor antigen. EMBO J. 5:1939-1944.
115. Stratton, K., D. A. Almario, and M. C. McCormick (ed.). 2002. Immunization safety review: SV40 contamination of polio vaccine and cancer. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
116. Strickler, H. D., J. J. Goedert, M. Fleming, W. D. Travis, A. E. Williams, C. S. Rabkin, R. W. Daniel, and K. V. Shah. 1996. Simian virus 40 and pleural mesothelioma in humans. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 5:473-475.
117. Sweet, B. H., and M. R. Hilleman. 1960. The vacuolating virus, SV40. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 105:420-427.
118. Tabuchi, K., W. M. Kirsch, and M. Low. 1978. Screening of human brain tumors for SV40 related T antigen. Int. J. Cancer 21:12-17.
119. Taguchi, F., J. Kajioka, and T. Miyamura. 1982. Prevalence rate and age of acquisition of antibodies against JC virus and BK virus in human sera. Microbiol. Immunol. 26:1057-1064.
120. Tegtmeyer, P. 1972. Simian virus 40 deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis: the viral replicon. J. Virol. 10:591-598.
121. Tegtmeyer, P., M. Schwartz, J. K. Collins, and K. Rundell. 1975. Regulation of tumor antigen synthesis by simian virus 40 gene A. J. Virol. 16:168-178.
122. Testa, J. R., M. Carbone, A. Hirvonen, K. Khalili, B. Krynska, K. Linnainmaa, F. D. Poley, P. Rizzo, V. Rusch, and G.-H. Xiao. 1998. A multi-institutional study confirms the presence and expression of simian virus 40 in human malignant mesotheliomas. Cancer Res. 58:4505-4509.
123. Tjian, R. 1978. The binding site on SV40 DNA for a T antigen-related protein. Cell 13:165-179.
124. Van Dyke, T. A., C. Finalay, D. Miller, J. Marks, G. Lozano, and A. J. Levine. 1987. Relationship between simian virus 40 large tumor antigen expression and tumor formation in transgenic mice. J. Virol. 61:2029-2032.
125. Vilchez, R. A., C. R. Madden, C. A. Kozinetz, S. J. Halvorson, Z. S. White, J. L. Jorgensen, C. J. Finch, and J. S. Butel. 2002. Association between simian virus 40 and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Lancet 359:817-823.
126. Waheed, I., Z. S. Guo, G. A. Chen, T. S. Weiser, D. M. Nguyen, and D. S. Schrump. 1999. Antisense to SV40 early gene region induces growth arrest and apoptosis in T-antigen-positive human pleural mesothelioma cells. Cancer Res. 59:6068-6073.
127. Walker, D. L., B. L. Padgett, G. M. ZuRhein, A. E. Albert, and R. F. Marsh. 1973. Induction of brain tumors in hamsters. Science 181:674-676.
128. Weggen, S., T. A. Bayer, A. von Deimling, G. Reifenberger, D. von Schweinitz, O. D. Wiestler, and T. Pietsch. 2000. Low frequency of SV40, JC and BK polyomavirus sequences in human medulloblastomas, meningiomas, and ependymomas. Brain Pathol. 10:85-92.
129. Yamamoto, H., T. Nakayama, H. Murakami, T. Hosaka, T. Nakamata, T. Tsuboyama, M. Oka, T. Nakamura, and J. Toguchida. 2000. High incidence of SV40-like sequence detection in tumour and peripheral blood cells of Japanese osteosarcoma patients. Br. J. Cancer 82:1677-1681.
130. Yu, J., A. Boyapati, and K. Rundell. 2001. Critical role for SV40 small-t antigen in human cell transformation. Virology 290:192-198.
131. zur Hausen, H. 1987. Papillomaviruses in human cancer. Cancer 59:1692-1696.
132. Zu Rhein, G. 1983. Studies of JC virus-induced nervous system tumors in the Syrian hamster: a review. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 105:205-221.