A comprehensive review of risk factors related to the development of pressure ulcers

Journal of Orthopaedic Nursing

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 94-102

  Smith, Mike ^a  

^a NONE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGE; ARTICLE; BODY WEIGHT; DECUBITUS; DISEASE COURSE; FLUID BALANCE; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; IMMOBILIZATION; INCONTINENCE; MENTAL HEALTH; NURSING EDUCATION; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SCORING SYSTEM; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; ULCEROGENESIS; UNITED KINGDOM; VALIDATION PROCESS;

EID: 0037404777     PISSN: 13613111     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1361-3111(03)00028-1     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Agency for Health care policy and Prevention (AHCPR) (1992) Pressure ulcers in adults: prediction and prevention. Clinical practice Guideline no. 3. Maryland US Department of Health and Human Sciences
2. Allman RM, Goode PS, Patrick MM, Burst N, Bartolucci AA (1995) Pressure ulcer risk factors among Hospitalized patients with activity limitation. JAMA 273(11): 865-870
3. Allman RM, Laparade CA, Noel LB, et al. (1986) Pressure sores among hospitalized patients. Ann. Int. Med. 105: 337-342
4. Barton AA, Barton M (1982) Pressure sores: the healing processes, helping healing. Community Outlook 10: 63-66
5. Batson S, Adam S, Hall G, et al. (1999) The development of a pressure area scoring system for critically ill patients: a pilot study. Intens./Crit. Care Nurs. 9(3): 146-151
6. Bennet L, Kavner D, Lee BY, Trainor FS (1979) Shear Vs Pressure as causative factors in skin blood-flow occlusion. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 60: 309-314
7. Bergquist S, Frantz R (1999) Pressure ulcers in community based older adults receiving home health care. Prevalence incidence and associated risk factors. Adv. Wound care 12: 339-351
8. Bergstrom N, Braden B, Kemp M, et al. (1998) Predicting Pressure Ulcer Risk. Nurs. Res. 47: 261-269
9. Bergstrom N, Braden B, Boynton P, Bruch S (1995) Using a research-based assessment scale in clinical practice. Nurs. Clin. North. Am. 30(3): 539-551
10. Bergstrom N, Demuth PJ, Braden BJ (1987) A clinical trial of the Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk. Nurs. Clin. North Am. 22(2): 417-428
11. Berlowitz DR, Wilking SVB (1989) Risk factors for pressure sores, a comparison of cross-sectional and cohort-derived data. JAGS 37(11): 1043-1050
12. Bliss M (1993) Aetiology of pressure sores. Rev. Clin. Gerontol. 3: 379-397
13. Carlson EV, Kemp MG, Shott S (1999) Predicting the risk of pressure ulcers in critically ill patients. Am. J. Crit. Care 8: 262-269
14. Cullum N, Nelson EA, Nixon J (2000) Pressure sores. Clinical Evidence: 979-986
15. Daniel RK, Priest DL, Wheatley DC (1981) Etiologic factors in pressure sores, an experimental model. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 62: 492-498
16. Deeks JJ (1996) Pressure sore prevention: using and evaluating risk assessment tools. BJN 5(5): 313-320
17. Fuhrer MJ, Garber SL, Rintala DH, et al. (1993) Pressure ulcers in community-resident persons with spinal cord injury. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 74: 1172-1177
18. Goossens RH, Zegers R, Hoek van Dijke GA, Snijders CJ (1994) Influence of shear on skin oxygen tension. Clin. Physiol. 14(1): 111-118
19. Hagisawa S, Toyosawa E, Machida T, Fujikawa Y, Ando M, Nishiyama T (1997) The incidence of pressure ulcers in hospital patients monitored for one year. J. Tissue Viability 7(2): 56-61
20. Hitch S (1995) NHS Executive Nursing Directorate - strategy for major clinical guidelines - prevention and management of pressure sores, A literature review. J. Tissue Viability 5(1): 3-24
21. Hussain T (1953) An experimental study of some pressure effects on tissues with reference to the pressure sore problem. J. Path. Bact. 66: 347-358
22. Kosiak M (1959) Etiology and pathophysiology of decubitus ulcers. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 40: 62-69
23. Krouskop TA, Reddy NP, Spencer WA, Secor JW (1978) Mechanisms of decubitus ulcers formation - an hypothesis. Med. Hypothesis 4(1): 37-39
24. Lindan O (1961) Etiology of decubitus ulcers, an experimental study. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 42: 774-783
25. Maklebust J, Magnan MA (1994) Risk factors associated with having a pressure ulcer: a secondary data analysis. Adv. Wound Care 7(6): 27-41
26. Maklebust J (1987) Pressure ulcers: aetiology and prevention. Nurs. Clin. N. Am. 22: 359-375
27. McGough AJ (1999) A systematic review of the effectiveness of risk assessment scales used in the prevention and management of pressure sores. MSc thesis. University of York
28. Meijer JH, Germs PH, Schneider H, Ribbe MW (1994) Susceptibility to decubitus ulcer formation. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 75(3): 318-323
29. Neumark DW (1981) Deformation, not pressure, is the prime cause of pressure sores. Care Sci. Pract. 1: 41-43
30. NHS Centre for Reviews and dissemination 1995 Prevention and treatment of pressure sores. Effective Health Care Bull. 2(1)
31. Nixon J, McGough A (2000) Principles of patient assessment: screening for pressure ulcers and potential risk. In: Morison MJ (ed.) Ch6 The Prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers. Mosby
32. Pieper B, Sugrue M, Weiland M, Sprague K, Heimann C (1997) Presence of pressure ulcer prevention methods used among patients considered at risk versus those not considered at risk. JWOCN 24(4): 191-199
33. Piloian BB (1992) Defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis high risk for impaired skin integrity. Decubitus 5(5): 32-47
34. Reddy NP (1990) Effects of mechanical stresses on lymph and interstitial fluid flows. In: Bader DL (ed) Pressure sores - clinical practice and scientific approach. McMillan press, London, Chapter 16
35. Rochon PA, Beaudet MP, McGlinchey-Berroth R, et al. (1993) Risk assessment for pressure ulcers? J. Am. Parapleg. Sec. 16(3): 169-177
36. Royal College of Nursing (2000) Pressure sore risk assessment and prevention. Clinical practice guidelines. RCN London
37. Salzberg AC, Bryne WD, Kabir R, et al. (1999) Predicting pressure ulcer risk. Wounds 11(2): 45-57
38. Salzberg AC, Bryne WD, Gene Cayten C, et al. (1998) Predicting and preventing pressure ulcers in adults with paralysis. Adv. Wound care 11: 237-246
39. Salzberg AC, Bryne WD, Cayten Gene C, et al. (1996) A new pressure ulcer risk assessment scale for individuals with spinal cord injury. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 4: 96-103
40. Sanada H, Nagakawa T, Yamamoto M, Higashidani K, Tsuru H, Sugama J (1997) The role of skin blood flow in pressure ulcer development during surgery. Adv. Wound Care 10(6): 29-34
41. Sangeorzan BJ, Harrington RM, Wyss CR, Cerniecki JM, Matsen III FA (1989) Circulatory and mechanical response of skin to loading. J. Orthop. Res. 7: 425-431
42. Scales JT (1990) Pathogenesis of pressure sores. In: Bader DL (ed) Pressure sores: clinical practice and scientific approach. Macmillan, Basingstoke
43. Stotts NA, Deosaransingh K, Roll FJ, Newman J (1998) Under-utilisation of pressure ulcer risk assessment in hip fracture patients. Adv. Wound Care 11: 32-38
44. Stotts NA, Paul SM (1988) Pressure ulcer development in surgical patients. Decubitus 1(3): 24-30
45. Theaker C, Mannan M, Ives N, Soni N (2000) Risk factors for pressure sores in the critically ill. Anaesthesia 55(3): 221-224
46. Vidal J, Sarrias M (1991) An analysis of the diverse factors concerned with the development of pressure sores in spinal cord injured patients. Paraplegia 29: 261-267
47. Wang J, Brienza DM, Yuan Y, Karg P, Xue Q (2000) A compound sensor for biomechanical analyses of buttock soft tissue in vivo. J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. 37(4): 433-443
48. Whitfield MD, Kaltenthaler EC, Akehurst RL, Walters SJ, Paisley S (2000) How effective are prevention strategies in reducing the prevalence of pressure ulcers? J. Wound Care 9(6): 261-266
49. Zulkowski K (1998) MDS + RAP items associated with pressure ulcer prevalence in newly institutionalized elderly: study I. Ostomy/Wound 44(11): 40-53
50. Zulkowski K (1999) MDS + items not contained in the pressure ulcer RAP associated with pressure ulcer prevalence in newly institutionalized elderly. Ostomy/Wound 45(1): 24-32