Functional surfaces of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid protein

Journal of Virology

Volumn 77, Issue 9, 2003, Pages 5439-5450

  Von Schwedler, Uta K ^a   Stray, Kirsten M ^a   Garrus, Jennifer E ^a   Sundquist, Wesley I ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF UTAH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CAPSID PROTEIN; DIMER; GAG PROTEIN; VIRUS PROTEIN;

AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; ARTICLE; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; LIFE CYCLE; PHENOTYPE; POINT MUTATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN PROCESSING; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; VIRUS ASSEMBLY; VIRUS CAPSID; VIRUS INFECTIVITY; VIRUS PARTICLE;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; CAPSID; CAPSID PROTEINS; CELL LINE; GENE PRODUCTS, GAG; HELA CELLS; HIV-1; HUMANS; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON; MODELS, MOLECULAR; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; MUTAGENESIS, SITE-DIRECTED; VIRION; VIRUS ASSEMBLY;

EID: 0037404501     PISSN: 0022538X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.9.5439-5450.2003     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. Accola, M. A., S. Hoglund, and H. G. Göttlinger. 1998. A putative alphahelical structure which overlaps the capsid-p2 boundary in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag precursor is crucial for viral particle assembly. J. Virol. 72:2072-2078.
2. Accola, M. A., B. Strack, and H. G. Göttlinger. 2000. Efficient particle production by minimal Gag constructs which retain the carboxy-terminal domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid-p2 and a late assembly domain. J. Virol. 74:5395-5402.
3. Alin, K., and S. P. Goff. 1996. Amino acid substitutions in the CA protein of Moloney murine leukemia virus that block early events in infection. Virology 222:339-351.
4. Berthet-Colominas, C., S. Monaco, A. Novelli, G. Sibai, F. Mallet, and S. Cusack. 1999. Head-to-tail dimers and interdomain flexibility revealed by the crystal structure of HIV-1 capsid protein (p24) complexed with a monoclonal antibody Fab. EMBO J. 18:1124-1136.
5. Berthoux, L., C. Pechoux, M. Ottmann, G. Morel, and J. L. Darlix. 1997. Mutations in the N-terminal domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein affect virion core structure and proviral DNA synthesis. J. Virol. 71:6973-6981.
6. Bess, J. W., Jr., R. J. Gorelick, W. J. Bosche, L. E. Henderson, and L. O. Arthur. 1997. Microvesicles are a source of contaminating cellular proteins found in purified HIV-1 preparations. Virology 230:134-144.
7. Borsetti, A., A. Ohagen, and H. G. Göttlinger. 1998. The C-terminal half of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag precursor is sufficient for efficient particle assembly. J. Virol. 72:9313-9317.
8. Bowzard, J. B., J. W. Wills, and R. C. Craven. 2001. Second-site suppressors of Rous sarcoma virus Ca mutations: evidence for interdomain interactions. J. Virol. 75:6850-6856.
9. Braaten, D., C. Aberham, E. K. Franke, L. Yin, W. Phares, and J. Luban. 1996. Cyclosporine A-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutants demonstrate that Gag encodes the functional target of cyclophilin A. J. Virol. 70:5170-5176.
10. Burniston, M. T., A. Cimarelli, J. Colgan, S. P. Curtis, and J. Luban. 1999. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag polyprotein multimerization requires the nucleocapsid domain and RNA and is promoted by the capsiddimer interface and the basic region of matrix protein. J. Virol. 73:8527-8540.
11. Cairns, T. M., and R. C. Craven. 2001. Viral DNA synthesis defects in assembly-competent Rous sarcoma virus CA mutants. J. Virol. 75:242-250.
12. Campbell, S., and V. M. Vogt. 1995. Self-assembly in vitro of purified CA-NC proteins from Rous sarcoma virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol. 69:6487-6497.
13. Campos-Olivas, R., J. L. Newman, and M. F. Summers. 2000. Solution structure and dynamics of the Rous sarcoma virus capsid protein and comparison with capsid proteins of other retroviruses. J. Mol. Biol. 296:633-649.
14. Carter, C. A. 2002. Tsg101: HIV-1's ticket to ride. Trends Microbiol. 10:203-205.
15. Cartier, C., P. Sivard, C. Tranchat, D. Decimo, C. Desgranges, and V. Boyer. 1999. Identification of three major phosphorylation sites within HIV-1 capsid. Role of phosphorylation during the early steps of infection. J. Biol. Chem. 274:19434-19440.
16. Charneau, P., G. Mirambeau, P. Roux, S. Paulous, H. Buc, and F. Clavel. 1994. HIV-1 reverse transcription. A termination step at the center of the genome. J. Mol. Biol. 241:651-662.
17. Chen, C., and H. Okayama. 1987. High-efficiency transformation of mammalian cells by plasmid DNA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:2745-2752.
18. Cimarelli, A., S. Sandin, S. Hoglund, and J. Luban. 2000. Basic residues in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid promote virion assembly via interaction with RNA. J. Virol. 74:3046-3057.
19. Cimarelli, A., S. Sandin, S. Hoglund, and J. Luban. 2000. Rescue of multiple viral functions by a second-site suppressor of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid mutation. J. Virol. 74:4273-4283.
20. Cornilescu, C. C., F. Bouamr, X. Yao, C. Carter, and N. Tjandra. 2001. Structural analysis of the N-terminal domain of the human T-cell leukemia virus capsid protein. J. Mol. Biol. 306:783-797.
21. Craven, R. C., A. E. Leure-duPree, R. A. Weldon, Jr., and J. W. Wills. 1995. Genetic analysis of the major homology region of the Rous sarcoma virus Gag protein. J. Virol. 69:4213-4227.
22. Dawson, L., and X. F. Yu. 1998. The role of nucleocapsid of HIV-1 in virus assembly. Virology 251:141-157.
23. Dorfman, T., A. Bukovsky, A. Ohagen, S. Hoglund, and H. G. Göttlinger. 1994. Functional domains of the capsid protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol. 68:8180-8187.
24. Ebbesen, T. 1998. Cones and tubes: geometry in the chemistry of carbon. Acc. Chem. Res. 31:558-566.
25. Ehrlich, L. S., B. E. Agresta, and C. A. Carter. 1992. Assembly of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid protein in vitro. J. Virol. 66:4874-4883.
26. Facke, M., A. Janetzko, R. L. Shoeman, and H. G. Krausslich. 1993. A large deletion in the matrix domain of the human immunodeficiency virus gag gene redirects virus particle assembly from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum. J. Virol. 67:4972-4980.
27. Ferris, A. L., A. Hizi, S. D. Showalter, S. Pichuantes, L. Babe, C. S. Craik, and S. H. Hughes. 1990. Immunologic and proteolytic analysis of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase structure. Virology 175:456-464.
28. Fitzon, T., B. Leschonsky, K. Bieler, C. Paulus, J. Schroder, H. Wolf, and R. Wagner. 2000. Proline residues in the HIV-1 NH2-terminal capsid domain: structure determinants for proper core assembly and subsequent steps of early replication. Virology 268:294-307.
29. Forshey, B. M., U. von Schwedler, W. I. Sundquist, and C. Aiken. 2002. Formation of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 core of optimal stability is crucial for viral replication. J. Virol. 76:5667-5677.
30. Franke, E. K., H. E. Yuan, and J. Luban. 1994. Specific incorporation of cyclophilin A into HIV-1 virions. Nature 372:359-362.
31. Freed, E. O. 1998. HIV-1 gag proteins: diverse functions in the virus life cycle. Virology 251:1-15.
32. Freed, E. O. 2002. Viral late domains. J. Virol. 76:4679-4687.
33. Fuller, S. D., T. Wilk, B. E. Gowen, H. G. Kräusslich, and V. M. Vogt. 1997. Cryo-electron microscopy reveals ordered domains in the immature HIV-1 particle. Curr. Biol. 7:729-738.
34. Gamble, T. R., F. F. Vajdos, S. Yoo, D. K. Worthylake, M. Houseweart, W. I. Sundquist, and C. P. Hill. 1996. Crystal structure of human cyclophilin A bound to the amino-terminal domain of HIV-1 capsid. Cell 87:1285-1294.
35. Gamble, T. R., S. Yoo, F. F. Vajdos, U. K. von Schwedler, D. K. Worthylake, H. Wang, J. P. McCutcheon, W. I. Sundquist, and C. P. Hill. 1997. Structure of the carboxyl-terminal dimerization domain of the HIV-1 capsid protein. Science 278:849-853.
36. Ganser, B. K., S. Li, V. Y. Klishko, J. T. Finch, and W. I. Sundquist. 1999. Assembly and analysis of conical models for the HIV-1 core. Science 283:80-83.
37. Gelderblom, H. R., E. H. Hausmann, M. Ozel, G. Pauli, and M. A. Koch. 1987. Fine structure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and immunolocalization of structural proteins. Virology 156:171-176.
38. Gitti, R. K., B. M. Lee, J. Walker, M. F. Summers, S. Yoo, and W. I. Sundquist. 1996. Structure of the amino-terminal core domain of the HIV-1 capsid protein. Science 273:231-235.
39. Gluschankof, P., I. Mondor, H. R. Gelderblom, and Q. J. Sattentau. 1997. Cell membrane vesicles are a major contaminant of gradient-enriched human immunodeficiency virus type-1 preparations. Virology 230:125-133.
40. Goff, S., P. Traktman, and D. Baltimore. 1981. Isolation and properties of Moloney murine leukemia virus mutants: use of a rapid assay for release of virion reverse transcriptase. J. Virol. 38:239-248.
41. Göttlinger, H. G. 2001. The HIV-1 assembly machine. AIDS 15:S13-S20.
42. Göttlinger, H. G., T. Dorfman, J. G. Sodroski, and W. A. Haseltine. 1991. Effect of mutations affecting the p6 gag protein on human immunodeficiency virus particle release. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:3195-3199.
43. Göttlinger, H. G., J. G. Sodroski, and W. A. Haseltine. 1989. Role of capsid precursor processing and myristoylation in morphogenesis and infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:5781-5785.
44. Gross, I., H. Hohenberg, C. Huckhagel, and H. G. Kräusslich. 1998. N-Terminal extension of human immunodeficiency virus capsid protein converts the in vitro assembly phenotype from tubular to spherical particles. J. Virol. 72:4798-4810.
45. Gross, I., H. Hohenberg, and H. G. Kräusslich. 1997. In vitro assembly properties of purified bacterially expressed capsid proteins of human immunodeficiency virus. Eur. J. Biochem. 249:592-600.
46. Hill, C. P., D. Worthylake, D. P. Bancroft, A. M. Christensen, and W. I. Sundquist. 1996. Crystal structures of the trimeric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix protein: implications for membrane association and assembly. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:3099-3104.
47. Jin, Z., L. Jin, D. L. Peterson, and C. L. Lawson. 1999. Model for lentivirus capsid core assembly based on crystal dimers of EIAV p26. J. Mol. Biol. 286:83-93.
48. Johnson, M. C., H. M. Scobie, Y. M. Ma, and V. M. Vogt. 2002. Nucleic acid-independent retrovirus assembly can be driven by dimerization. J. Virol. 76:11177-11185.
49. Khorasanizadeh, S., R. Campos-Olivas, and M. F. Summers. 1999. Solution structure of the capsid protein from the human T-cell leukemia virus type-1. J. Mol. Biol. 291:491-505.
50. Kimpton, J., and M. Emerman. 1992. Detection of replication-competent and pseudotyped human immunodeficiency virus with a sensitive cell line on the basis of activation of an integrated beta-galactosidase gene. J. Virol. 66:2232-2239.
51. Kingston, R. L., T. Fitzon-Ostendorp, E. Z. Eisenmesser, G. W. Schatz, V. M. Vogt, C. B. Post, and M. G. Rossmann. 2000. Structure and self-association of the rous sarcoma virus capsid protein. Structure Fold. Des. 8:617-628.
52. Kong, L. B., D. An, B. Ackerson, J. Canon, O. Rey, I. S. Chen, P. Krogstad, and P. L. Stewart. 1998. Cryoelectron microscopic examination of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions with mutations in the cyclophilin A binding loop. J. Virol. 72:4403-4407.
53. Kotov, A., J. Zhou, P. Flicker, and C. Aiken. 1999. Association of Nef with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 core. J. Virol. 73:8824-8830.
54. Kräusslich, H. G. (ed.). 1996. Morphogenesis and maturation of retroviruses. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
55. Kräusslich, H. G., M. Facke, A. M. Heuser, J. Konvalinka, and H. Zentgraf. 1995. The spacer peptide between human immunodeficiency virus capsid and nucleocapsid proteins is essential for ordered assembly and viral infectivity. J. Virol. 69:3407-3419.
56. Lanman, J., T. T. Lam, S. Barnes, M. Sakalian, M. R. Emmett, A. G. Marshall, and P. E. Prevelige. 2003. Identification of novel interactions in HIV-1 capsid protein assembly by high-resolution mass spectrometry. J. Mol. Biol. 325:759-772.
57. Li, S., C. P. Hill, W. I. Sundquist, and J. T. Finch. 2000. Image reconstructions of helical assemblies of the HIV-1 CA protein. Nature 407:409-413.
58. Liang, C., J. Hu, R. S. Russell, A. Roldan, L. Kleiman, and M. A. Wainberg. 2002. Characterization of a putative α-helix across the capsid-SP1 boundary that is critical for the multimerization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag. J. Virol. 76:11729-11737.
59. Liang, C., J. Hu, J. B. Whitney, L. Kleiman, and M. A. Wainberg. 2003. A structurally disordered region at the C terminus of capsid plays essential roles in multimerization and membrane binding of the Gag protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol. 77:1772-1783.
60. Luban, J. 2001. HIV-1 and Ebola virus: the getaway driver nabbed. Nat. Med. 7:1278-1280.
61. Mammano, F., A. Ohagen, S. Hoglund, and H. G. Göttlinger. 1994. Role of the major homology region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in virion morphogenesis. J. Virol. 68:4927-4936.
62. Mayo, K., D. Huseby, J. McDermott, B. Arvidson, L. Finlay, and E. Barklis. 2003. Retrovirus capsid protein assembly arrangements. J. Mol. Biol. 325:225-237.
63. McDermott, J., L. Farrell, R. Ross, and E. Barklis. 1996. Structural analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag protein interactions, using cysteine-specific reagents. J. Virol. 70:5106-5114.
64. Momany, C., L. C. Kovari, A. J. Prongay, W. Keller, R. K. Gitti, B. M. Lee, A. E. Gorbalenya, L. Tong, J. McClure, L. S. Ehrlich, M. F. Summers, C. Carter, and M. G. Rossmann. 1996. Crystal structure of dimeric HIV-1 capsid protein. Nat. Struct. Biol. 3:763-770.
65. Nakai, M., and T. Goto. 1996. Ultrastructure and morphogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus. J. Electron Microsc. (Tokyo) 45:247-257.
66. Nermut, M. V., P. Bron, D. Thomas, M. Rumlova, T. Ruml, and E. Hunter. 2002. Molecular organization of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus capsids assembled from Gag polyprotein in Escherichia coli. J. Virol. 76:4321-4330.
67. Ono, A., D. Demirov, and E. O. Freed. 2000. Relationship between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag multimerization and membrane binding. J. Virol. 74:5142-5150.
68. Ono, A., and E. O. Freed. 1999. Binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag to membrane: role of the matrix amino terminus. J. Virol. 73:4136-4144.
69. Orlinsky, K. J., J. Gu, M. Hoyt, S. Sandmeyer, and T. M. Menees. 1996. Mutations in the Ty3 major homology region affect multiple steps in Ty3 retrotransposition. J. Virol. 70:3440-3448.
70. Paillart, J. C., and H. G. Göttlinger. 1999. Opposing effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix mutations support a myristyl switch model of Gag membrane targeting. J. Virol. 73:2604-2612.
71. Pear, W. S., G. P. Nolan, M. L. Scott, and D. Baltimore. 1993. Production of high-titer helper-free retroviruses by transient transfection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:8392-8396.
72. Perez, O. D., and G. P. Nolan. 2001. Resistance is futile. Assimilation of cellular machinery by HIV-1. Immunity 15:687-690.
73. Purtscher, M., A. Trkola, G. Gruber, A. Buchacher, R. Predl, F. Steindl, C. Tauer, R. Berger, N. Barrett, A. Jungbauer, et al. 1994. A broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody against gp41 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir. 10:1651-1658.
74. Rao, Z., A. S. Belyaev, E. Fry, P. Roy, I. M. Jones, and D. I. Stuart. 1995. Crystal structure of SIV matrix antigen and implications for virus assembly. Nature 378:743-747.
75. Reicin, A. S., A. Ohagen, L. Yin, S. Hoglund, and S. P. Goff. 1996. The role of Gag in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virion morphogenesis and early steps of the viral life cycle. J. Virol. 70:8645-8652.
76. Reicin, A. S., S. Paik, R. D. Berkowitz, J. Luban, I. Lowy, and S. P. Goff. 1995. Linker insertion mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag gene: effects on virion particle assembly, release, and infectivity. J. Virol. 69:642-650.
77. Reil, H., A. A. Bukovsky, H. R. Gelderblom, and H. G. Göttlinger. 1998. Efficient HIV-1 replication can occur in the absence of the viral matrix protein. EMBO J. 17:2699-2708.
78. Rose, S., P. Hensley, D. J. O'Shannessy, J. Culp, C. Debouck, and I. Chaiken. 1992. Characterization of HIV-1 p24 self-association using analytical affinity chromatography. Proteins 13:112-119.
79. Sakalian, M., and E. Hunter. 1998. Molecular events in the assembly of retrovirus particles. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 440:329-339.
80. Spearman, P., R. Horton, L. Ratner, and I. Kuli-Zade. 1997. Membrane binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix protein in vivo supports a conformational myristyl switch mechanism. J. Virol. 71:6582-6592.
81. Srinivasakumar, N., M. L. Hammarskjold, and D. Rekosh. 1995. Characterization of deletion mutations in the capsid region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 that affect particle formation and Gag-Pol precursor incorporation. J. Virol. 69:6106-6114.
82. Strambio-de-Castillia, C., and E. Hunter. 1992. Mutational analysis of the major homology region of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus by use of saturation mutagenesis. J. Virol. 66:7021-7032.
83. Strop, P., and S. L. Mayo. 2000. Contribution of surface salt bridges to protein stability. Biochemistry 39:1251-1255.
84. Sun, D. P., U. Sauer, H. Nicholson, and B. W. Matthews. 1991. Contributions of engineered surface salt bridges to the stability of T4 lysozyme determined by directed mutagenesis. Biochemistry 30:7142-7153.
85. Swanstrom, R., and J. W. Wills. 1997. Synthesis, assembly, and processing of viral proteins. In J. M. Coffin, S. H. Hughes, and H. E. Varmus (ed.), Retroviruses. Cold Spring Harbor Press, Plainview, N.Y.
86. Swingler, S., P. Gallay, D. Camaur, J. Song, A. Abo, and D. Trono. 1997. The Nef protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhances serine phosphorylation of the viral matrix. J. Virol. 71:4372-4377.
87. Tang, S., T. Murakami, B. E. Agresta, S. Campbell, E. O. Freed, and J. G. Levin. 2001. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 N-terminal capsid mutants that exhibit aberrant core morphology and are blocked in initiation of reverse transcription in infected cells. J. Virol. 75:9357-9366.
88. Thali, M., A. Bukovsky, E. Kondo, B. Rosenwirth, C. T. Walsh, J. Sodroski, and H. G. Gottlinger. 1994. Functional association of cyclophilin A with HIV-1 virions. Nature 372:363-365.
89. Turner, B. G., and M. F. Summers. 1999. Structural biology of HIV. J. Mol. Biol. 285:1-32.
90. Vogt, V. M. 1997. Retroviral virions and genomes, p. 27-70. In J. M. Coffin, S. H. Hughes, and H. E. Varmus (ed.), Retroviruses. Cold Spring Harbor Press, Plainview, N.Y.
91. von Schwedler, U., J. Song, C. Aiken, and D. Trono. 1993. Vif is crucial for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proviral DNA synthesis in infected cells. J. Virol. 67:4945-4955.
92. von Schwedler, U. K., T. L. Stemmler, V. Y. Klishko, S. Li, K. H. Albertine, D. R. Davis, and W. I. Sundquist. 1998. Proteolytic refolding of the HIV-1 capsid protein amino-terminus facilitates viral core assembly. EMBO J. 17:1555-1568.
93. Welker, R., H. Hohenberg, U. Tessmer, C. Huckhagel, and H. G. Kräusslich. 2000. Biochemical and structural analysis of isolated mature cores of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol. 74:1168-1177.
94. Wiegers, K., G. Rutter, H. Kottler, U. Tessmer, H. Hohenberg, and H. G. Kräusslich. 1998. Sequential steps in human immunodeficiency virus particle maturation revealed by alterations of individual Gag polyprotein cleavage sites. J. Virol. 72:2846-2854.
95. Wiegers, K., G. Rutter, U. Schubert, M. Grattinger, and H. G. Kräusslich. 1999. Cyclophilin A incorporation is not required for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 particle maturation and does not destabilize the mature capsid. Virology 257:261-274.
96. Wilk, T., I. Gross, B. E. Gowen, T. Rutten, F. de Haas, R. Welker, H. G. Kräusslich, P. Boulanger, and S. D. Fuller. 2001. Organization of immature human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol. 75:759-771.
97. Wills, J. W., and R. C. Craven. 1991. Form, function, and use of retroviral gag proteins. AIDS 5:639-654.
98. Worthylake, D. K., H. Wang, S. Yoo, W. I. Sundquist, and C. P. Hill. 1999. Structures of the HIV-1 capsid protein dimerization domain at 2.6 A resolution. Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. 55:85-92.
99. Yeager, M., E. M. Wilson-Kubalek, S. G. Weiner, P. O. Brown, and A. Rein. 1998. Supramolecular organization of immature and mature murine leukemia virus revealed by electron cryo-microscopy: implications for retroviral assembly mechanisms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:7299-7304.
100. Yoo, S., D. G. Myszka, C. Yeh, M. McMurray, C. P. Hill, and W. I. Sundquist. 1997. Molecular recognition in the HIV-1 capsid/cyclophilin A complex. J. Mol. Biol. 269:780-795.
101. Yu, F., S. M. Joshi, Y. M. Ma, R. L. Kingston, M. N. Simon, and V. M. Vogt. 2001. Characterization of Rous sarcoma virus Gag particles assembled in vitro. J. Virol. 75:2753-2764.
102. Zabransky, A., E. Hunter, and M. Sakalian. 2002. Identification of a minimal HIV-1 gag domain sufficient for self-association. Virology 294:141-150.
103. Zhang, Y., H. Qian, Z. Love, and E. Barklis. 1998. Analysis of the assembly function of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag protein nucleocapsid domain. J. Virol. 72:1782-1789.
104. Zhou, W., and M. D. Resh. 1996. Differential membrane binding of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix protein. J. Virol. 70:8540-8548.