Neuroimaging in developmental disorders

Current Opinion in Neurology

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 143-146

  Greicius, Michael D ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Autism; Brain volume; Fragile X syndrome; MRI

Indexed keywords

AUTISM; BEHAVIOR; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; BRAIN SIZE; CHILD GROWTH; DATA ANALYSIS; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; FRAGILE X SYNDROME; FRONTAL CORTEX; GROWTH ACCELERATION; GROWTH RATE; GROWTH RETARDATION; HUMAN; IN VIVO STUDY; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PARIETAL LOBE; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RELIABILITY; REVIEW; SAFETY; STRIATE CORTEX;

AUTISTIC DISORDER; BRAIN; CHILD; CORPUS STRIATUM; DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES; FRAGILE X SYNDROME; FRONTAL LOBE; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PARIETAL LOBE;

EID: 0037398374     PISSN: 13507540     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00019052-200304000-00004     Document Type: Review

References (21)

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5. Sparks BF, Friedman SD, Shaw DW, et al. Brain structural abnormalities in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Neurology 2002; 59:184-192. Here again the large sample size and young age of the subjects makes this a particularly valuable study. One drawback is that the autistic sample combines autistic disorder and PDD-NOS.
6. Aylward EH, Minshew NJ, Field K, et al. Effects of age on brain volume and head circumference in autism. Neurology 2002; 59:175-183. This was a large study with 67 autistic children and 83 controls. The autistic group was homogeneous in that PDD-NOS children were not included. It supports the early growth hypothesis from Ref. [4••] because only the youngest autism sub-group had increased brain volumes, but all sub-groups had increased head circumferences.
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19. Kwon H, Menon V, Eliez S, et al. Functional neuroanatomy of visuospatial working memory in fragile X syndrome: relation to behavioral and molecular measures. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158:1040-1051. This paper also demonstrates that parietal (and frontal) brain activation is related to fraX protein expression. Activity in these regions also tended to correlate with behavioral performance, but there was no correlation between fraX protein expression and behavioral performance.
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21. Krasuski JS, Alexander GE, Horwitz B, et al. Relation of medial temporal lobe volumes to age and memory function in nondemented adults with Down's syndrome: implications for the prodromal phase of Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159:74-81. This article provides an excellent example of how studying a homogeneous genetic disorder (Down syndrome) can shed light on a predominantly sporadic disorder (Alzheimer disease).