Selective attention to stressful distracters: Effects of neuroticism and gender

Personality and Individual Differences

Volumn 34, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 831-844

  Osorio, Lisette C ^a   Cohen, Meredyth ^a   Escobar, Sandra E ^a   Salkowski Bartlett, Anya ^a   Compton, Rebecca J ^a  

^a HAVERFORD COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Attention; Dichotic listening; Gender differences; Neuroticism; Stress

Indexed keywords

EID: 0037395280     PISSN: 01918869     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00074-0     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Bolger, N., & Zuckerman, A. (1995). A framework for studying personality in the stress process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(5), 890-902.
2. Bradley, B., Mogg, K., Galbraith, M., & Perrett, A. (1993). Negative recall bias and neuroticism: state versus trait effects. Behavioural Research and Therapy, 31(1), 125-127.
3. Butler, L. D., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1994). Gender differences in responses to depressed mood in a college samples. Sex Roles, 30(5/6), 331-346.
4. Clark, D. C., Salazar-Grueso, E., Grabler, P., & Fawcett, J. (1984). Predictors of depression during the first 6 months of internship. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141(9), 1095-1098.
5. Clark, L. A., Watson, D. W., & Mineka, S. (1994). Temperament, personality, and the mood and anxiety disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103(1), 103-116.
6. Cohen, J. D., MacWhinney, B., Flatt, M., & Provost, J. (1993). PsyScope: a newgraphic interactive environment for designing psychology experiments. Behavioral Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 25(2), 257-271.
7. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992a). Four ways five factors are basic. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 653-665.
8. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). The NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
9. Fox, E. (1993). Attentional bias in anxiety: selective or not? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31(5), 487-493.
10. Fox, E. (1994). Attentional bias in anxiety: a defective inhibition hypothesis. Cognition and Emotion, 8(2), 165-195.
11. Gray, J. A. (1976). The behavioural inhibition system: a possible substrate for anxiety. In M. P. Feldman, & A. M. Broadhurst (Eds.), Theoretical and Experimental Bases of Behaviour Modification (pp. 3-41). London: Wiley.
12. Gray, J. A. (1991). Neural systems of motivation, emotion, and affect. In J. Madden (Ed.), Neurobiology of learning, emotion and affect (pp. 273-306). NewYork: Raven Press.
13. Kirk, R. E. (1992). Experimental design: procedures for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
14. MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A. (1988). Anxiety and the allocation of attention to threat. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 40A(4), 653-670.
15. MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A. (1991). Biased cognitive operations in anxiety: accessibility of information or assignment of processing priorities? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 29(6), 599-610.
16. MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. (1986). Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95(1), 15-20.
17. MacLeod, C., & Rutherford, E. M. (1992). Anxiety and the selective processing of emotional information: mediating roles of awareness, trait and state variables, and personal relevance of stimulus materials. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 30(5), 479-491.
18. Magnus, K., Diener, E., Fujita, F., & Pavot, W. (1993). Extraversion and neuroticism as predictors of objective life events: a longitudinal analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(5), 1046-1053.
19. Martin, M., & Clark, D. M. (1985). Cognitive mediation of depressed mood and neuroticism. IRCS Medical Science, 13, 352-353.
20. Martin, M., Ward, J. C., & Clark, D. M. (1983). Neuroticism and the recall of positive and negative personality information. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 21(5), 495-503.
21. Martin, M., Williams, R. M., & Clark, D. M. (1991). Does anxiety lead to selective processing of threat-related information? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 29(2), 147-160.
22. Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1985). Selective processing of threat cues in anxiety states. Behavioural Research and Therapy, 23(5), 563-569.
23. Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1986). Discrimination of threat cues without awareness in anxiety states. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95(2), 131-138.
24. Mathews, A., May, J., Mogg, K., & Eysenck, M. (1990). Attentional bias in anxiety: selective search or defective filtering? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99(2), 166-173.
25. Mayo, P. R. (1983). Personality traits and the retrieval of positive and negative memories. Personality and Individual Differences, 4(5), 465-471.
26. Mayo, P. R. (1989). A further study of the personality-congruent recall effect. Personality and Individual Differences, 10(2), 247-252.
27. Miller, S. M., & Kirsch, N. (1987). Sex differences in cognitive coping with stress. In R. C. Barnett, L. Biener, & G. K. Baruch (Eds.), Gender and stress (pp. 278-307). NY: Free Press.
28. Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., Williams, R., & Mathews, A. (1993). Subliminal processing of emotional information in anxiety and depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102(2), 304-311.
29. Mogg, K., Mathews, A., Bird, C., & Macgregor-Morris, R. (1990). Effects of stress and anxiety on the processing of threat stimuli. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(6), 1230-1237.
30. Mogg, K., Mathews, A., & Weinman, J. (1989). Selective processing of threat cues in anxiety states: a replication. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 27(4), 317-323.
31. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Larson, J., & Grayson, C. (1999). Explaining the gender differences in depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(5), 1061-1072.
32. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Morrow, J., & Fredrickson, B. L. (1993). Response styles and the duration of episodes of depressed mood. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102(1), 20-28.
33. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Parker, L. E., & Larson, J. (1994). Ruminative coping with depressed mood following loss. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(1), 92-104.
34. Okun, M. A., Stock, W. A., Snead, L., & Wierimaa, R. (1987). Neuroticism and autobiographical memory for positive and negative events. Personality and Individual Differences, 8(6), 965-967.
35. Petras, K., Petras, R., & Petras, G. (1997). Jobs '98. NY: Simon & Schuster.
36. Richards, A., & Millwood, B. (1989). Colour-identification of differentially valenced words in anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 3(2), 171-176.
37. Rogers, G. M., & Revelle, W. (1998). Personality, mood, and the evaluation of affective and neutral word pairs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(6), 1592-1605.
38. Ruiz-Caballero, J. A., & Bermudez, J. (1995). Neuroticism, mood, and retrieval of negative personal memories. Journal of General Psychology, 122, 29-35.
39. Rusting, C. L. (1999). Interactive effects of personality and mood on emotion-congruent memory and judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(5), 1073-1086.
40. Strauss, J., Muday, T., McNall, K., & Wong, M. (1997). Response style theory revisited: gender differences and stereotypes in rumination and distraction. Sex Roles, 36, 771-792.
41. Suls, J., Green, P., & Hillis, S. (1998). Emotional reactivity to everyday problems, affective inertia, and neuroticism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24(2), 127-136.
42. Taylor, S. E., Klein, L. C., Lewis, B. P., Gruenewald, T. L., Gurung, R. A. R., & Updegra., J. A. (2000). Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight. Psychological Review, 107(3), 411-429.
43. Trull, T. J., & Sher, K. J. (1994). Relationship between the five-factor model of personality and Axis I disorders in a nonclinical sample. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103(2), 350-360.
44. Waring, E. M., Patton, D., & Wister, A. V. (1990). The etiology of nonpsychotic emotional illness. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 35(1), 50-57.
45. Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1984). Negative affectivity: the disposition to experience aversive emotional states. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 465-490.
46. Williams, J. M. G., Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1996). The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology. Psychological Bulletin, 120(1), 3-24.
47. Young, G. C. D., & Martin, M. (1981). Processing of information about self by neurotics. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 20, 205-212.