Pigs' gastrointestinal microflora provide them with essential amino acids

Journal of Nutrition

Volumn 133, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 1127-1131

  Torrallardona, David ^a   Harris, C Ian ^a   Fuller, Malcolm F ^a  

^a ROWETT RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Amino acid absorption; Amino acid requirements; Amino acid synthesis; Intestinal bacteria; Swine

Indexed keywords

CARBON 14; ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID; GLUCOSE POLYMER; ISOLEUCINE; LEUCINE; LYSINE; NITROGEN 15; PHENYLALANINE; VALINE;

AMINO ACID COMPOSITION; AMINO ACID SYNTHESIS; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; CECUM; CONFERENCE PAPER; FEMALE; ILEUM; INTESTINE ABSORPTION; INTESTINE FLORA; ISOTOPE LABELING; NONHUMAN; SWINE;

ANIMALIA; SUS SCROFA;

EID: 0037385898     PISSN: 00223166     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jn/133.4.1127     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (33)

1. Lang, J. (1981) The nutrition of the commercial rabbit. Part 1. Physiology, digestibility and nutrient requirements. Nutr. Abs. Rev. 51B: 197-302.
2. Frape, D. (1986) Equine nutrition and feeding. Longman, Harlow, Essex, UK.
3. 4Cl into lysine in the tissues of germ-free and conventional rats. Br. J. Nutr. 76:689-700.
4. Torrallardona, D., Harris, C. I. & Fuller, M. F. (1996) Microbial amino acid synthesis and utilization in rats: the role of coprophagy. Br. J. Nutr. 76: 701-709.
5. Foster, G. L., Schoenheimer, R. & Rittenberg, D. (1939) Studies on protein metabolism. V. The utilization of ammonia for amino acid and creatine formation in animals. J. Biol. Chem. 127: 319-327.
6. Åqvist, S.E.G. (1951) Metabolic interrelationships among amino acids studied with isotopic nitrogen. Acta Chem. Scand. 5: 1046-1064.
7. 15N-labelled glycine in regenerating rat liver. Acta Chem. Scand. 5: 1065-1073.
8. Tanaka, N. (1982) Urea utilization in protein deficient rats. J. Jpn. Soc. Nutr. Food Sci. 35: 175-180.
9. 15N-urea into amino acids of hydrolyzed liver and muscle protein. Jpn. J. Vet. Res. 26: 68-73.
10. 15N-diammonium citrate into amino acids of liver and muscle proteins in germfree and specific pathogen free neonatal pigs. Am. J. Vet. Res. 41: 212-214.
11. 15N in amino acids of patients with chronic renal failure on low nitrogen diet. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 21: 394-404.
12. Tanaka, N., Kubo, K., Shiraki, K., Koishi, H. & Yoshimura, H. (1980) A pilot study on protein metabolism in the papua new guinea highlanders. J. Nutr. Sci Vitaminol. 26: 247-259.
13. 15N enrichment in multiple amino acids and urea in a single analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Biol. Mass Spectrom. 22: 518-523.
14. Metges, C. C., El-Khoury, A. E., Henneman, L., Petzke, K. J., Grant, I., Bedri, S., Pereira, P. P., Ajami, A. M., Fuller, M. F. & Young, V. R. (1999) Availability of intestinal microbial lysine for whole body lysine homeostasis in human subjects. Am. J. Physiol. 277: E597-E607.
15. 15N from urea to lysine in the human infant. Br. J. Nutr. 83: 505-512.
16. White, J. S., Parsons, C. M. & Baker, D. H. (1988) An in vitro digestibility assay for prediction of the metabolizable energy of low-calorie dextrose polymeric bulking agents. J. Food Sci. 53: 1204-1207.
17. Rennhard, H. H., (1973) Polysaccharides and their preparation. U.S. Patent No. 3766165.
18. Torrallardona, D. & Harris, C. I. (1997) Preparative isolation of nine indispensable amino acids from a single sample. J. Chromatogr. A 778: 383-388.
19. Minitab Inc. (1989) MINITAB. State College, PA.
20. Olszewski, A. & Buraczewski, S. (1978) Absorption of amino acids in isolated pig caecum in situ. Effect of concentration of enzymatic casein hydrolysate on absorption of amino acids. Acta Physiol. Pol. 29: 67-77.
21. 15N labeled intestinal microbial amino acids in the venous blood of the pig colon. Am. J. Vet. Res. 40: 716-718.
22. Moretó, M. & Planas, J. M. (1989) Sugar and amino acid transport properties of the chicken ceca. J. Exp. Zool. (suppl. 3): 111-116.
23. Zebrowska, T. (1973) Digestion and absorption of nitrogenous compounds in the large intestine of pigs. Rocz. Nauk Roln. Ser. B. 95B: 85-90.
24. Zebrowska, T. (1975) The apparent digestibility of nitrogen and individual amino acids in the large intestine of pigs. Rocz. Nauk Roln. Ser. B. 97B: 117-123.
25. Just, A., Jørgensen, H. H. & Fernández, J. A. (1981) The digestive capacity of the caecum colon and the value of the nitrogen absorbed from the hindgut for protein synthesis in pigs. Br. J. Nutr. 46: 209-219.
26. Wünsche, J., Hennig, U., Meinl, M., Kreienbring, F. & Bock, H. D. (1982) Investigations of the absorption and utilization of amino acids infused into the caecum of growing pigs. 1. N-balance measuring with regard to the utilization of lysine and isoleucine and the isoleucine requirement of growing pigs. Arch. Tierernähr. 32: 337-348.
27. Schmitz, M., Ahrens, F., Schön, J. & Hagemeister, H. (1991) Amino acid absorption and its significance for protein supply in the pig. In: Digestive Physiology in Pigs (Verstegen, M.W.A., Huisman, J. & den Hartog, L. A., eds.), pp. 85-87. Pudoc, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
28. Torrallardona, D., Harris, C. I. & Fuller, M. F. (2003) Lysine synthesized by the gastrointestinal microflora of pigs is absorbed, mostly in the small intestine. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. (in press).
29. Agricultural Research Council (1981) The Nutrient Requirements of Pigs. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, UK.
30. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Organization (1987) Feeding Standards for Australian Livestock. Pigs. CSIRO, East Melbourne, Australia.
31. National Research Council (1998) Nutrient Requirements of Swine, 10th rev. ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
32. Baker, D. H., Becker, D. E., Norton, H. W., Jensen, A. H. & Harmon B. G. (1966) Quantitative evaluation of the tryptophan, methionine and lysine needs of adult swine for maintenance. J. Nutr. 89: 441-447.
33. Fuller, M. F. & Reeds, P. J. (1998) Nitrogen cycling in the gut. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 18: 385-411.