Cassini RADAR: Prospects for Titan surface investigations using the microwave radiometer

Planetary and Space Science

Volumn 51, Issue 4-5, 2003, Pages 353-364

  Lorenz, Ralph D ^a   Biolluz, Gilles ^b   Encrenaz, Pierre ^b   Janssen, Michael A ^c   West, Richard D ^c   Muhleman, Duane O ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^b DEMIRM   (France)

^c CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^d CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Microwave; Radiometry; Remote sensing; Titan

Indexed keywords

MICROWAVE DEVICES; PLANETS; RADAR; RADIOMETRY; REMOTE SENSING; SPACECRAFT;

ETHANE SEAS;

SPACE RESEARCH;

EID: 0037383365     PISSN: 00320633     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0032-0633(02)00148-4     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Birchley, P.N.W., Daniell, P.M., Zarnecki, J.C., Parker, D.J., 1992. Laboratory determination of the thermal conductivity of liquid methane and ethane, in ESA SP-338. Proceedings of the Symposium on Titan, Toulouse, September 1991, pp. 311-314.
2. Bolton S.J., Janssen M., Thorne R., Levin S., Klein M., Gulkis S., Bastian T., Sault R., Elachi C., Hofstadter M., Bunker A., Dulk G., Gudim E., Hamilton G., Johnson W.T.K., Leblanc Y., Liepack O., McLeod R., Roller J., Roth L., West R. Ultra-relativistic electrons in Jupiter's radiation belts. Nature. 415:2002;987-991.
3. Combes M., Vapillon L., Gendron E., Coustenis A., Lai O., Wittemberg R., Sirdey R. Spatially resolved images of Titan by means of adaptive optics. Icarus. 129:1998;482-497.
4. Courtin R.D., Kim S.J. Mapping of Titan's tropopause and surface temperatures from Voyager IRIS spectra. Planet. Space Sci. 50:2002;309-321.
5. Coustenis A., Gendron E., Lai O., Véran J.-P., Woillez J., Combes M., Vapillon L., Fusco T., Mugnier L., Rannou P. Images of Titan at 1.3 and 1.6. μ m with adaptive optics at the CFHT Icarus. 154:2001;501-515.
6. Elachi C., Im E., Roth L.E., Werner C.L. Cassini Titan radar mapper. Proc. IEEE. 79:1991;867-880.
7. Elachi, C. et al., in press. RADAR: The Cassini Titan radar mapper, Space Sci. Rev.
8. Eshleman V.R., Lindal G.F., Tyler G.L. Is Titan wet or dry? Science. 221:1983;53-55.
9. Ghafoor N.A.-L., Zarnecki J.C., Challenor P., Srokosz M.A. Wind-driven surface waves on Titan. J. Geophys. Res. 105:2000;12,077-12,091.
10. Gibbard S.G., Macintosh B., Gavel D., Max C.E., de Pater I., Ghez A.M., Young E.F., McKay C.P. Titan. high-resolution speckle images from the Keck Telescope Icarus. 139:1999;189-201.
11. Gough S.R. A low-temperature dielectric cell and the permittivity of hexagonal ice to 2 K. Canad. J. Chem. 50:1972;3046-3051.
12. Hagfors T. Remote probing of the moon by infrared and microwave emissions and by radar. Radio Sci. 5:1970;189-227.
13. Heiles C.E., Drake F.D. The polarization and intensity of thermal radiation from a planetary surface. Icarus. 2:1963;281-292.
14. Ivanov A.B., Muhleman D.O., Vasavada A.R. Icarus. 133:1998;163-178.
15. Jaffe W., Caldwell J., Owen T. Radius and brightness temperature observations of Titan at centimeter wavelengths by the very large array. Astrophys. J. 242:1980;806-811.
16. Janssen, M.A. (Ed.), 1993. Atmospheric Remote Sensing by Microwave Radiometry. Wiley, New York, 572pp.
17. Johnson J.R., Baker V.R. Surface property variations in Venusian fluidized ejecta blanket craters. Icarus. 110:1994;33-70.
18. Lamb J., Turney A. Electrical properties of ice at 1.25 cm wavelength. Proc. Phys. Soc. (London). B 62:1949;272-273.
19. Lindal G.F., Wood G.E., Hotz H.B., Sweetnam D.N., Eshleman V.R., Tyler G.L. The atmosphere of Titan - an analysis of the Voyager 1 radio occultation measurements. Icarus. 53:1983;348-363.
20. Lorenz R. Preliminary measurements of the cryogenic dielectric properties of water-ammonia ices. implications for radar observations of icy satellites Icarus. 136:1998;344-348.
21. Lorenz R.D. Thermodynamics of geysers. application to Titan Icarus. 156:2002;176-183.
22. Lorenz R.D., Lunine J.I. Titan's surface reviewed. the nature of bright and dark terrain Planet. Space Sci. 45:1997;981-992.
23. Lorenz R.D., Lunine J.I. Titan's snowline. Icarus. 158:2002;557-559.
24. Lorenz R., Shandera S. Physical properties of ammonia-rich ice. application to Titan Geophys. Res. Lett. 28:2001;215-218.
25. Lorenz R.D., Elachi C., West R.D., Johnson W.T.K., Janssen M.A., Moghaddam M., Hamilton G., Liepack O., Bunker A., Roth L.E., Wall S.D., Dente L., Casarano D., Posa F. J. Geophys. Res. 106:2001;30,271-30,280.
26. Lorenz R., Lunine J.I., Withers P.G., McKay C.P. Titan, Mars and Earth. entropy production by latitudinal heat flow Geophs. Res. Lett. 28:2001;415-418.
27. Maetzler, C., 1998. Microwave properties of ice and snow, In: Schmitt, B., et al. (Eds.), Solar System Ices. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
28. McKay C.P., Martin S.C., Griffith C.A., Keller R.M. Temperature lapse rate and methane in Titan's troposphere. Icarus. 129:1997;498-505.
29. McKay C.P., Pollack J.B., Courtin R. The thermal structure of Titan's atmosphere. Icarus. 80:1989;23-53.
30. Melacci P.T., Orosei R., Picardi G., Seu R. Cassini radar: system concept and simulation results. Planetary and Space Science. 46:1998;1363-1374.
31. Muhleman D.O., Grossman A.W., Butler B.J., Slade M.A. Radar reflectivity of Titan. Science. 248:1990;975-980.
32. Pettengill G.H., Ford P.G., Wilt R.J. Venus surface radiothermal emission as observed by Magellan. J. Geophys. Res. 97:1992;13,091-13,102.
33. Pettengill G.H., Ford P.G., Simpson R.A. Electrical properties of the Venus surface from bistatic radar observations. Science. 272:1996;1628-1631.
34. Picardi G., Seu R., Coradini A., Zampolini E., Ciaffone A. The radar system for the exploration of Titan, II. Nuovo Cimento (C). 15:1992;1149-1161.
35. Ross, R.G., Kargel, J.S., 1998. Thermal conductivity of ices, In: Schmitt, B., et al. (Eds.), Solar System Ices. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
36. Samuelson R.E., Nath N.R., Borysow A. Gaseous abundances and methane supersaturation in Titan's troposphere. Planet. Space Sci. 45:1997;959-980.
37. Sen A.D., Anicich V.G., Arakelian T. Dielectric constant of liquid alkanes and hydrocarbon mixtures. J. Phys. D. 25:1992;516-521.
38. 2 J. Geophys. Res. 85:1980;5481-5484.
39. Skou, N., 1989. Microwave Radiometer Systems: Design and Analysis, Artech House, Norwood MA, 163pp.
40. Smith P.H., Lemmon M.T., Lorenz R.D., Caldwell J.J., Allison M.D., Sromovsky L.A. Titan's surface revealed by HST imaging. Icarus. 119:1996;336-349.
41. Soboleva N.S. Polarization measurement of the moon radio emission with the aid of a big Pulkovo radio telescope at a wavelength of 3.2 cm. Astron. Zh. 39:1962;1124-1126.
42. Stevenson, D.J., 1992. The interior of Titan, in ESA SP-338. Proceedings of the Symposium on Titan, Toulouse, September 1991, pp. 29-33.
43. Stevenson D.J., Potter A.E. Titan's latitudinal temperature distribution and seasonal cycle. Geophys. Res. Lett. 13:1986;93-96.
44. Strong A.E., Ruff I.S. Utilizing satellite-observed solar reflections from the sea surface as an indicator of surface wind speeds. Remote Sensing Environ. 1:1970;181-185.
45. Thompson W.R., Squyres S.W. Titan and other icy satellites - dielectric properties of consituent materials and implications for radar sounding. Icarus. 86:1990;336-354.
46. Troitsky V.S. To the theory of the moon radio emission. Astron. Zh. 31:1957;511-521.
47. Tyler G.L., Ford P.G., Campbell D.B., Elachi C., Pettengill G.H., Simpson R.A. Magellan - electrical and physical properties of Venus' surface. Science. 252:1991;265-270.
48. Ulaby, F.W., Moore, R.K., Fung, A.F. (Eds.), 1986. Microwave Remote Sensing, Vols. I & III. Artech House, Norwood, MA.
49. Ulamec, S., Badoz, J., Lebreton, J.-P., 1992. Dielectric constant measurements in simulated Titan ocean liquids, in ESA SP-338. Proceedings of the Symposium on Titan, Toulouse, September 1991, pp. 401-405.
50. White T.L., Cogdell J.R. Lunar polarization studies at 3.1-mm wavelength. Moon. 6:1973;235-249.