Analysing the ventricular fibrillation waveform

Resuscitation

Volumn 57, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 11-20

  Reed, Matthew J ^a   Clegg, Gareth R ^a   Robertson, Colin E ^a  

^a ROYAL INFIRMARY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cardiac arrest; Electrocardiography; Fast Fourier transformation; Ventricular fibrillation

Indexed keywords

CARDIOVERSION; CORONARY ARTERY BLOOD FLOW; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; FOURIER ANALYSIS; FOURIER TRANSFORMATION; FREQUENCY ANALYSIS; HEART ARREST; HEART MUSCLE; HEART MUSCLE CELL; HEART VENTRICLE FIBRILLATION; HUMAN; MATHEMATICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TECHNIQUE; WAVEFORM;

EID: 0037381988     PISSN: 03009572     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0300-9572(02)00441-0     Document Type: Review

References (73)

1. Wiggers C.J. The mechanism and nature of ventricular fibrillation. Am. Heart J. 1940;359-402.
2. Bayes de Luna A., Guindo J., Rivera I. Ambulatory sudden death in patients wearing Holter devices. J. Amb. Mon. 2:1989;3-13.
3. Julian D.G. The significance and management of ventricular arrhythmias. J. R. Coll. Phys. Lond. 14:1980;17-21.
4. Prevost J.L., Batelli F. Sur quelques effects des discharges electriques sur le coueur des mammiferes. C. R. Acad. Sci. [111]. 129:1899;1267-1268.
5. Beck C.S., Pritchard W.H., Feil H.S. Ventricular fibrillation of long duration abolished by electric shock. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 135:1947;985-986.
6. Zipes D.P., Fisher J., King R.M., et al. Terminalisation of ventricular fibrillation in dogs by depolarising a critical amount of myocardium. Am. J. Cardiol. 36:1975;37-44.
7. Shibata N., Chem P.S., Dixon E.G., et al. Epicardial activation after unsuccessful defibrillation shocks in dogs. Am. J. Physiol. 255:1988;H902-H909.
8. Jones J.L. Waveforms for implantable cardioverter defibrillators and transchest defibrillation. Tacker W.A. Defibrillation of the heart. 1994;46-81 Mosby-Year Book, St. Louis.
9. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1998.
10. Dichey R.V., Goto Y., Lindenfield J.A. Myocardial oxygen requirements during experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Cardiovasc. Res. 26:1992;791-797.
11. Pattern J.N., Allen J.D., Pantridge J.F. The effects of shock energy, propanolol and verapamil on cardiac damage caused by transthoracic countershock. Circulation. 69:1984;357-368.
12. Kohn R.M. Myocardial oxygen uptake during ventricular fibrillation and electromechanical dissociation. Am. J. Cardiol. 11:1963;483-486.
13. Kern K.B., Garewal H.S., Sanders A.B., et al. Depletion of myocardial adenosine tri-phosphate metabolism during ventricular fibrillation with total circulatory arrest. Resuscitation. 19:1990;199-226.
14. Jenning R.B., Reimar K.A., Hill M.L., et al. Total ischemia in dog hearts in vitro: comparison of high energy phosphate production, utilisation and depletion and adenine nucleotide catabolism in total ischemia in vitro vs. severe ischemia in vivo. Circ. Res. 49:1981;892-900.
15. Schafer J, Mulch J, Winkler B et al. Ultrastructural, functional and biochemical criteria for estimation of reversibility of ischemic injury, J Mol Cell Cardiol 1979;11:521-541.
16. Gazmuri R.J., Weil M.H., Bisera J., et al. Myocardial dysfunction after successful cardiac arrest. Crit. Care Med. 24:(6):1996;992-1000.
17. Weaver W.D., Cobb L.A., Dennis D., et al. Amplitude of ventricular fibrillation waveform and outcome after cardiac arrest. Ann. Intern. Med. 102:1985;53-55.
18. Ewy G.A., Taren D., Bangert J., et al. Comparison of myocardial damage from defibrillation discharges at various dosages. Med. Instrum. 14:1980;9-12.
19. Warner E.D., Dahl C., Ewy G.A. Myocardial injury from transthoracic defibrillator countershock. Arch. Pathol. 99:1975;55-59.
20. Knox M.A., Hughes H.C. Jr., Tyers G.F., et al. The induction of myocardial damage by open-chest low-energy countershock. Med. Instrum. 14:1980;63-66.
21. Niemaun J.T., Cairns C.B., Sharma J., et al. Treatment of prolonged ventricular fibrillation. Immediate counter shock versus high-dose epinephrine and CPR preceding countershock. Circulation. 85:1992;281-287.
22. Cobb L.A., Fahrenbruch C.E., Walsh T.R., et al. Influence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation prior to defibrillation in patients with out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 281:1999;1182-1188.
23. Sato Y., Weil M.H., Sun S., et al. Adverse effects of interrupting precordial compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit. Care Med. 25:1997;733-736.
24. Yu T., Weil M.H., Tang W., et al. Adverse outcomes of interrupted precordial compression during automated defibrillation. Circulation. 106:2002;368-372.
25. Callaham M., Braun O., Valentine W., et al. Pre-hospital cardiac arrest treated by urban first-responders: profile of patient response and prediction of outcome by ventricular fibrillation waveform. Ann. Emerg. Med. 22:1993;1664-1677.
26. Hargarten K.M., Stueven H.A., Waite E.M., et al. Pre-hospital experience with defibrillation of coarse ventricular fibrillation: a ten-year review. Ann. Emerg. Med. 19:(2):1990;157-162. February.
27. Dalzell G.W.N., Adgey A.A.J. Determinants of successful transthoracic defibrillation and outcome in ventricular defibrillation. Br. Heart J. 65:1991;311-316.
28. Strohmenger H.-U., Linder K.H., Brown C.G. Analysis of the ventricular fibrillation ECG signal amplitude and frequency parameters as predictors of countershock success in humans. Chest. 111:(3):1997;584-589. March.
29. Ewy G.A., Dahl C.F., Zimmerman M., et al. VF masquerading as ventricular standstill. Crit. Care Med. 9:1981;392.
30. Noc M., Weil M.H., Tang W., et al. Electrocardiographic prediction of the success of cardiac resuscitation. Crit. Care Med. 27:1999;708-714.
31. Brown C.G., Dzwonczyk R., Werman H.A., et al. Estimating the duration of ventricular fibrillation. Ann. Emerg. Med. 18:1989;1181-1185.
32. Dzwonczyk R., Brown C.G., Werman H.A. The median frequency of the ECG during ventricular fibrillation: it's use in an algorithm for estimating the duration of cardiac arrest. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 37:1990;640-646.
33. Brown C.G., Dzwonczyk R., Jenkins R., et al. The median frequency of ventricular fibrillation - a useful guide to therapeutic intervention during CPR (abstract). Ann. Emerg. Med. 17:1998;436-437.
34. Brown C.G., Griffith R.F., Van Ligten P. Median frequency - a new parameter for predicting defibrillation success rate. Ann. Emerg. Med. 20:1991;787-789.
35. Strohmenger H.U., Lindner K.H., Keller A., et al. Spectral analysis of ventricular fibrillation and closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation. 33:(2):1996;155-161. December.
36. Achleitner U., Wenzel V., Strohmenger H.U., et al. The beneficial effect of basic life support on ventricular fibrillation mean frequency and coronary perfusion pressure. Resuscitation. 51:(2):2001;151-158. November.
37. Brown C.G., Dzwonczyk R., Martin D. Physiologic measurement of the ventricular fibrillation ECG signal. Estimating the duration of ventricular fibrillation. Ann. Emerg. Med. 22:1993;70-74.
38. Strohmenger H.U., Lindner K.H., Lurie K.G., et al. Frequency of ventricular fibrillation as a predictor of defibrillation success during cardiac surgery. Anaesth. Analg. 79:(3):1994;434-438. September.
39. Nygards M.-E., Hulting J. Recognition of ventricular fibrillation utilising the power spectrum of the ECG. Comput. Cardiol. 4:1977;393-397.
40. Stewart A.J., Allen J.D., Adgey A.A.J. Frequency analysis of ventricular fibrillation and resuscitation success. Q. J. Med. 85:(306):1992;761-769. October.
41. Clayton R.H., Murray A., Campbell R.W.F. Changes in the surface electrocardiogram during the onset of spontaneous ventricular fibrillation in man. Eur. Heart J. 15:1994;184-188.
42. Martin G., Cosin J., Such M., et al. Relation between power spectrum time course during ventricular fibrillation and electromechanical dissociation. Effects of coronary perfusion and nifedipine. Eur. Heart J. 7:1986;560-569.
43. Carlisle E.J.F., Allen J.D., Kernohan W.G., et al. Pharmacological analysis of established ventricular fibrillation. Br. J. Pharmacol. 100:1990;530-534.
44. Carlisle E.J.F., Allen J.D., Kernohan W.G., et al. Fourier analysis of ventricular fibrillation of varied aetiology. Eur. Heart J. 11:1990;173-181.
45. Povoas H.P., Weil M.H., Tang W., et al. Predicting the success of defibrillation by electrocardiographic analysis. Resuscitation. 53:2002;77-82.
46. Eftestol T., Sunde K., Aase S.O., et al. 'Probability of successful defibrillation' as a monitor during CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrested patients. Resuscitation. 48:(3):2001;245-254. March.
47. Amann A., Achleitner U., Antretter H., et al. Analysing ventricular fibrillation ECG-signals and predicting defibrillation success during cardiopulmonary resuscitation employing N(alpha)-histograms. Resuscitation. 50:(1):2001;77-85. July.
48. Callaway C.W., Sherman L.D., Mosesso V.N. Jr., et al. Scaling exponent predicts defibrillation success for out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest. Circulation. 103:(12):2001;1656-1661. March 27.
49. Jalife J., Gray R. Drifting vortices of electrical waves underlie ventricular fibrillation in the rabbit heart. Acta Physiol. Scand. 157:1996;123-131.
50. Winfree A.T. Evolving perspectives during 12 years of electrical turbulence. Chaos. 8:1998;1-19. Focus issue: fibrillation in normal ventricular myocardium.
51. Witkowski F.Y., Leon L.J., Penkoske P.A. Spatio temporal evolution of VF. Nature (London). 392:1998;78-82.
52. Fenton F., Karma A. Vortex dynamics in three-dimensional continuous myocardium with fiber rotation: filament instability and rotation. Chaos. 8:1998;20-47. Focus issue: fibrillation in normal ventricular myocardium.
53. Biktashev V.N., Holden A.V. Re-entrant waves and their elimination in a model of mammalian ventricular tissue. Chaos. 8:1998;48-56. Focus issue: fibrillation in normal ventricular myocardium.
54. Panfilov A.V. Spiral break up as a model of ventricular fibrillation. Chaos. 8:1998;57-64. Focus issue: fibrillation in normal ventricular myocardium.
55. Lorenz EN. Predictability: Does the flap of a butterfly's wings in Brazil set off a tornado in Texas? Title of December 1972 talk to the American Association for the Advancement of Science, as quoted in 'Chaos and Non linear dynamics' by R.C. Hilbourn (OUP 1994).
56. Wiggers C.J. The Mechanism and nature of ventricular fibrillation. Am. Heart J. 20:1940;399-412.
57. Surawicz B. Ventricular fibrillation. Am. J. Cardiol. 28:(3):1971;268-287. September.
58. Cranefield P.F. Ventricular fibrillation. N. Engl. J. Med. 289:(14):1973;732-736. October 4.
59. WHO/ISFC Task force, Eur. J. Cardiol. 1978;8:127.
60. Ritzenburg A.L., Adam D.R., Cohen R.J. Period multupling-evidence for non linear behaviour of the canine heart. Nature. 307:1984;159-161.
61. Guevera M.R., Glass L., Strier A. Phase locking, period doubling bifurcations, and irregular dynamics in periodically stimulated cardiac cells. Science. 214:1981;1350-1353.
62. Goldberger A.L., Bhargava A., West B.L., et al. Physica D. 17:1985;207.
63. Smith J.M., Cohen R.J. Simple finite-element model accounts for wide range of cardiac dysrhythmias. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Biol. Sci. 81:1984;233-237.
64. Goldberger A.L., Bhargava V., West B.J. Some observations on the question is ventricular fibrillation 'chaos'. Physica D. 19:1986;282-289.
65. Kaplan D.T., Cohen R.J. Is fibrillation chaos? Circ. Res. 67:(4):1990;886-892.
66. Small M., Yu D., Harrison R.G. Deterministic non-linearity in ventricular fibrillation. Chaos. 10:(1):2000;268-277.
67. Yu D., Small M., Harrison R.G., et al. Measuring temporal complexity of ventricular fibrillation. Phys. Lett. A. 265:2000;68-75.
68. Garfinkel A., Spara M.L., Ditto W.L., et al. Controlling cardiac chaos. Science. 257:1992;1230-1234.
69. Jones J., Noe W., Tovar O., et al. Can shocks timed to action potentials in low-gradient regions improve both internal and out-of-hospital defibrillation? J. Electrocardiol. 31 Suppl. 1998;41-44.
70. Janse M.J. Chaos in the prediction of sudden death. Eur. Heart J. 16:1995;299-301.
71. Watson J.N., Addison P.S., Clegg G.R., et al. A novel wavelet transform based analysis reveals hidden structure in ventricular fibrillation. Resuscitation. 43:(2):2000;121-127. January.
72. Addison P.S., Watson J.N., Clegg G.R., et al. Finding coordinated atrial activity during ventricular fibrillation using wavelet decomposition. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. 21:2002;58-61.
73. Addison P.S., Watson J.N., Clegg G.R., et al. Evaluating arrhythmias in ECG signals using wavelet transforms. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. 19:2000;104-109.