메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 265-272

Genetics and epidemiology of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLUBFOOT; GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY; HIP DYSPLASIA; HUMAN; MOLECULAR GENETICS; MULTIFACTORIAL INHERITANCE; PES EQUINOVARUS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 0037371158     PISSN: 02716798     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00004694-200303000-00025     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (80)

References (79)
  • 1
    • 0025739917 scopus 로고
    • Risk indicators for talipes equinovarus in Washington State, 1987-1989
    • Alderman BW, Takahashi ER, LeMier MK. Risk indicators for talipes equinovarus in Washington State, 1987-1989. Epidemiology 1991;2:289-292.
    • (1991) Epidemiology , vol.2 , pp. 289-292
    • Alderman, B.W.1    Takahashi, E.R.2    LeMier, M.K.3
  • 2
    • 0018869957 scopus 로고
    • Some new aspects in the pathology of clubfoot
    • Atlas S, Menacho LCS, et al. Some new aspects in the pathology of clubfoot. Clin Orthop 1980;149:224-228.
    • (1980) Clin Orthop , vol.149 , pp. 224-228
    • Atlas, S.1    Menacho, L.C.S.2
  • 3
    • 0036242621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal distribution of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus in Scotland
    • Barker SL, Macnicol MF. Seasonal distribution of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus in Scotland. J Pediatr Orthop B 2002; 11:129-133.
    • (2002) J Pediatr Orthop B , vol.11 , pp. 129-133
    • Barker, S.L.1    Macnicol, M.F.2
  • 4
    • 0018167406 scopus 로고
    • Clubfoot in the Maori: A genetic study of 50 kindreds
    • Beals RK. Clubfoot in the Maori: a genetic study of 50 kindreds. N Z Med J 1978;88:144-146.
    • (1978) N Z Med J , vol.88 , pp. 144-146
    • Beals, R.K.1
  • 5
    • 0020671659 scopus 로고
    • Higher incidence of congenital structural talipes equinovarus in Gipsies
    • Bellyei A, Czeizel A. Higher incidence of congenital structural talipes equinovarus in Gipsies. Hum Hered 1983;33:58-59.
    • (1983) Hum Hered , vol.33 , pp. 58-59
    • Bellyei, A.1    Czeizel, A.2
  • 6
    • 0013403850 scopus 로고
    • Surgical indications, incisions, and techniques: Indications for limited soft tissue release in congenital talipes equinovarus
    • Simons, ed. New York: Springer-Verlag
    • Bensahel H, Czukonyi Z. Surgical indications, incisions, and techniques: indications for limited soft tissue release in congenital talipes equinovarus. In: Simons, ed. The clubfoot: the present and a view of the future. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1994:196-233.
    • (1994) The Clubfoot: The Present and a View of the Future , pp. 196-233
    • Bensahel, H.1    Czukonyi, Z.2
  • 7
    • 0028900946 scopus 로고
    • The molecular response of bone to growth hormone during skeletal unloading: Regional differences
    • Bikle DD, Harris J, et al. The molecular response of bone to growth hormone during skeletal unloading: regional differences. Endocrinology 1995;136:2099-2109.
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 2099-2109
    • Bikle, D.D.1    Harris, J.2
  • 8
    • 0028191420 scopus 로고
    • Altered skeletal pattern of gene expression in response to spaceflight and hindlimb elevation
    • Bikle DD, Harris J, et al. Altered skeletal pattern of gene expression in response to spaceflight and hindlimb elevation. Am J Physiol 1994;267:E822-E827.
    • (1994) Am J Physiol , vol.267
    • Bikle, D.D.1    Harris, J.2
  • 9
    • 0001343108 scopus 로고
    • The embryological origin of club-foot
    • Böhm M. The embryological origin of club-foot. J Bone Joint Surg 1929;11:229.
    • (1929) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.11 , pp. 229
    • Böhm, M.1
  • 10
    • 0013354005 scopus 로고
    • A contribution to the genetics of congenital clubfoot
    • Böök JA. A contribution to the genetics of congenital clubfoot. Hereditas 1948;34:19-30.
    • (1948) Hereditas , vol.34 , pp. 19-30
    • Böök, J.A.1
  • 11
    • 0032231333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A chromosomal deletion map of human malformations
    • Brewer C, Holloway S, et al. A chromosomal deletion map of human malformations. Am J Hum Genet 1998;63:1153-1159.
    • (1998) Am J Hum Genet , vol.63 , pp. 1153-1159
    • Brewer, C.1    Holloway, S.2
  • 12
    • 0002817820 scopus 로고
    • Talipes equino-varus
    • Browne D. Talipes equino-varus. Lancet 1934;ii:969-974.
    • (1934) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 969-974
    • Browne, D.1
  • 13
  • 15
    • 0028216942 scopus 로고
    • The clinical features of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIIB resulting from a base substitution at the splice acceptor site of intron 5 of the COL1A2 gene
    • Carr AJ, Chiodo AA, et al. The clinical features of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIIB resulting from a base substitution at the splice acceptor site of intron 5 of the COL1A2 gene. J Med Genet 1994; 31:306-311.
    • (1994) J Med Genet , vol.31 , pp. 306-311
    • Carr, A.J.1    Chiodo, A.A.2
  • 16
  • 17
    • 0031012773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clubfoot: What have we learned in the last quarter century?
    • Carroll NC. Clubfoot: what have we learned in the last quarter century? J Pediatr Orthop 1997;17:1-2.
    • (1997) J Pediatr Orthop , vol.17 , pp. 1-2
    • Carroll, N.C.1
  • 18
    • 0000040964 scopus 로고
    • Familial joint laxity and recurrent dislocation of the patella
    • Carter CC, Sweetnam R. Familial joint laxity and recurrent dislocation of the patella. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 1958;40:664-667.
    • (1958) J Bone Joint Surg [Br] , vol.40 , pp. 664-667
    • Carter, C.C.1    Sweetnam, R.2
  • 19
    • 0021282012 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the epidemiology of club foot in Polynesian and Caucasian populations
    • Cartlidge IJ. Observations on the epidemiology of club foot in Polynesian and Caucasian populations. J Med Genet 1984;21:290- 292.
    • (1984) J Med Genet , vol.21 , pp. 290-292
    • Cartlidge, I.J.1
  • 20
    • 0020992072 scopus 로고
    • Club foot in the Polynesian: An epidemiological survey
    • Cartlidge IJ. Club foot in the Polynesian: an epidemiological survey. N Z Med J 1983;96:515-517.
    • (1983) N Z Med J , vol.96 , pp. 515-517
    • Cartlidge, I.J.1
  • 21
    • 0021282012 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the epidemiology of club foot in Polynesian and Caucasian populations
    • Cartlidge IJ. Observations on the epidemiology of club foot in Polynesian and Caucasian populations. J Med Genet 1984;21:290- 292.
    • (1984) J Med Genet , vol.21 , pp. 290-292
    • Cartlidge, I.J.1
  • 22
    • 0032534752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shaping limbs by apoptosis
    • Chen Y, Zhao X. Shaping limbs by apoptosis. Exp Zoology 1998; 282:691-702.
    • (1998) Exp Zoology , vol.282 , pp. 691-702
    • Chen, Y.1    Zhao, X.2
  • 23
    • 0014605151 scopus 로고
    • Genetic and epidemiological studies of clubfoot in Hawaii: Ascertainment and incidence
    • Ching GHS, Chung CS, et al. Genetic and epidemiological studies of clubfoot in Hawaii: ascertainment and incidence. Am J Hum Genet 1969;21:566-580.
    • (1969) Am J Hum Genet , vol.21 , pp. 566-580
    • Ching, G.H.S.1    Chung, C.S.2
  • 24
    • 0014621539 scopus 로고
    • Genetic and epidemiological studies of clubfoot in Hawaii: General and medical considerations
    • Chung CS, Nemechek RW, et al. Genetic and epidemiological studies of clubfoot in Hawaii: general and medical considerations. Hum Hered 1969;19:321-342.
    • (1969) Hum Hered , vol.19 , pp. 321-342
    • Chung, C.S.1    Nemechek, R.W.2
  • 25
    • 0019482726 scopus 로고
    • Confirmation of the multifactorial threshold model for congenital structural talipes equinovarus
    • Czeizel A, Bellyei A, et al. Confirmation of the multifactorial threshold model for congenital structural talipes equinovarus. J Med Genet 1981;18:99-100.
    • (1981) J Med Genet , vol.18 , pp. 99-100
    • Czeizel, A.1    Bellyei, A.2
  • 26
    • 0026722724 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of congenital clubfoot in Sweden: 128 Cases in 138,000 infants 1946-1990 in Malmö
    • Danielsson LG. Incidence of congenital clubfoot in Sweden: 128 cases in 138,000 infants 1946-1990 in Malmö. Acta Orthop Scand 1992;63:424-426.
    • (1992) Acta Orthop Scand , vol.63 , pp. 424-426
    • Danielsson, L.G.1
  • 27
    • 0032168851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Segregation analysis of idiopathic talipes equinovarus in a Texan population
    • de Andrade M, Barnholtz JS, et al. Segregation analysis of idiopathic talipes equinovarus in a Texan population. Am J Med Genet 1998;79:97-102.
    • (1998) Am J Med Genet , vol.79 , pp. 97-102
    • De Andrade, M.1    Barnholtz, J.S.2
  • 28
    • 0030163475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital clubfoot: How I do it
    • Diepstraten AdF M. Congenital clubfoot: How I do it. Acta Orthop Scand 1996;67:312.
    • (1996) Acta Orthop Scand , vol.67 , pp. 312
    • Diepstraten AdF, M.1
  • 29
    • 0021922552 scopus 로고
    • On the pathogenesis of clubfoot
    • Dietz FR. On the pathogenesis of clubfoot. Lancet 1985;i:388-90.
    • (1985) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 388-390
    • Dietz, F.R.1
  • 30
    • 0000159316 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of congenital club-foot
    • Dittrich RJ. Pathogenesis of congenital club-foot. J Bone Joint Surg 1930;12:373.
    • (1930) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.12 , pp. 373
    • Dittrich, R.J.1
  • 31
    • 0024788839 scopus 로고
    • Coordinate expression of the murine Hox-5 complex homeobox-containing genes during limb pattern formation
    • Dollé P, Izpisúa Belmonte JC, et al. Coordinate expression of the murine Hox-5 complex homeobox-containing genes during limb pattern formation. Nature 1995;342:767-772.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.342 , pp. 767-772
    • Dollé, P.1    Izpisúa Belmonte, J.C.2
  • 32
    • 0002083281 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging in congenital talipes equinovarus
    • Simons, ed. New York: Springer-Verlag
    • Downey DJ, Drennan JC, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in congenital talipes equinovarus. In: Simons, ed. The clubfoot: the present and a view of the future. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1994:77-80.
    • (1994) The Clubfoot: The Present and a View of the Future , pp. 77-80
    • Downey, D.J.1    Drennan, J.C.2
  • 33
    • 0015004560 scopus 로고
    • The experimental production of clubfoot in guinea pigs by maternal hyperthermia during gestation
    • Edwards MJ. The experimental production of clubfoot in guinea pigs by maternal hyperthermia during gestation. J Pathol 1971; 103:49-53.
    • (1971) J Pathol , vol.103 , pp. 49-53
    • Edwards, M.J.1
  • 34
    • 0030019608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional cooperation between the non-paralogous genes Hoxa-10 and Hoxd-11 in the developing forelimb and axial skeleton
    • Favier B, Filippo M., et al. Functional cooperation between the non-paralogous genes Hoxa-10 and Hoxd-11 in the developing forelimb and axial skeleton. Development 1996;122:449-460.
    • (1996) Development , vol.122 , pp. 449-460
    • Favier, B.1    Filippo, M.2
  • 35
    • 0021993523 scopus 로고
    • A possible association between maternal drinking and fetal clubfoot
    • Halmesmaki E, Raivio K, et al. A possible association between maternal drinking and fetal clubfoot. N Engl J Med 1985;312:790.
    • (1985) N Engl J Med , vol.312 , pp. 790
    • Halmesmaki, E.1    Raivio, K.2
  • 36
    • 0029063926 scopus 로고
    • Failed mifepristone termination of pregnancy and talipes equinovares: Coincidence?
    • Heydanus R, Ledward RS. Failed mifepristone termination of pregnancy and talipes equinovares: Coincidence? J Obstet Gynaecol 1995;15:211.
    • (1995) J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.15 , pp. 211
    • Heydanus, R.1    Ledward, R.S.2
  • 37
    • 0013456449 scopus 로고
    • Translated by Withington ET. London & New York: Heinemann & Putnam
    • Hippocrates. Loeb Classical. Translated by Withington ET. London & New York: Heinemann & Putnam; 1927.
    • (1927) Hippocrates. Loeb Classical
  • 38
    • 0034307648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking during pregnancy "enormously" increases familial risk of clubfoot
    • Honein M. Smoking during pregnancy "enormously" increases familial risk of clubfoot. Am J Epidemiol 2000;152:658-665.
    • (2000) Am J Epidemiol , vol.152 , pp. 658-665
    • Honein, M.1
  • 41
    • 0031913417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clubfoot in offspring of servicemen in the Royal Norwegian Navy
    • Irgens LM, Baste V, et al. Clubfoot in offspring of servicemen in the Royal Norwegian Navy. Teratology 1998;57:34.
    • (1998) Teratology , vol.57 , pp. 34
    • Irgens, L.M.1    Baste, V.2
  • 42
    • 0031607695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Human Genome Project: Implications for the treatment of musculoskeletal disease
    • Jaffurs D, Evans CH. The Human Genome Project: Implications for the treatment of musculoskeletal disease. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 1998;6:1-14.
    • (1998) J Am Acad Orthop Surg , vol.6 , pp. 1-14
    • Jaffurs, D.1    Evans, C.H.2
  • 43
    • 0027717206 scopus 로고
    • Maps of birth defects occurrence in the U.S., Birth Defects Monitoring Program (BDMP)/CPHA, 1970-1987
    • James LM. Maps of birth defects occurrence in the U.S., Birth Defects Monitoring Program (BDMP)/CPHA, 1970-1987. Teratology 1993;48:551-646.
    • (1993) Teratology , vol.48 , pp. 551-646
    • James, L.M.1
  • 44
    • 0013354426 scopus 로고
    • Radiographs: Arthrography of congenital clubfoot
    • Simons, ed. New York: Springer-Verlag
    • Kitada C, Takakura Y, et al. Radiographs: arthrography of congenital clubfoot. In: Simons, ed. The clubfoot: the present and a view of the future. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1994:159-166.
    • (1994) The Clubfoot: The Present and a View of the Future , pp. 159-166
    • Kitada, C.1    Takakura, Y.2
  • 45
    • 0000623028 scopus 로고
    • Non-operative treatment of congenital clubfeet: A review of one hundred cases
    • Kite JH. Non-operative treatment of congenital clubfeet: a review of one hundred cases. South Med J 1930;23:337-345.
    • (1930) South Med J , vol.23 , pp. 337-345
    • Kite, J.H.1
  • 46
    • 0032168715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic epidemiology study of idiopathic talipes equinovarus
    • Lochmiller CL, Johnston D., et al. Genetic epidemiology study of idiopathic talipes equinovarus. Am J Med Genet 1998;79:90-96.
    • (1998) Am J Med Genet , vol.79 , pp. 90-96
    • Lochmiller, C.L.1    Johnston, D.2
  • 47
    • 0028952248 scopus 로고
    • Differential allelic expression of the type II collagen gene (COL2A1) in osteoarthritic cartilage
    • Loughlin J, Irven C, et al. Differential allelic expression of the type II collagen gene (COL2A1) in osteoarthritic cartilage. Am J Hum Genet 1995;56:1186-1193.
    • (1995) Am J Hum Genet , vol.56 , pp. 1186-1193
    • Loughlin, J.1    Irven, C.2
  • 48
    • 0032946881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paired-related homeobox genes cooperate in handplate and hindlimb zeugopod morphogenesis
    • Lu MF, Cheng H-T, et al. Paired-related homeobox genes cooperate in handplate and hindlimb zeugopod morphogenesis. Dev Biol 1999;205:145-157.
    • (1999) Dev Biol , vol.205 , pp. 145-157
    • Lu, M.F.1    Cheng, H.-T.2
  • 49
    • 0026561570 scopus 로고
    • Histochemistry of the triceps surae muscle in idiopathic congenital clubfoot
    • Maffulli N, Capasso G, et al. Histochemistry of the triceps surae muscle in idiopathic congenital clubfoot. Foot Ankle 1992;13:84.
    • (1992) Foot Ankle , vol.13 , pp. 84
    • Maffulli, N.1    Capasso, G.2
  • 50
    • 0027416457 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of congenital orthopaedic anomalies in a rural community
    • Mittal RL, Sekhon AS, et al. The prevalence of congenital orthopaedic anomalies in a rural community. Int Orthop 1993;17:12.
    • (1993) Int Orthop , vol.17 , pp. 12
    • Mittal, R.L.1    Sekhon, A.S.2
  • 51
    • 0024259282 scopus 로고
    • Prime factors in the etiology of congenital dislocation of the hip and talipes equinovarus in Riyadh
    • Mufti MH. Prime factors in the etiology of congenital dislocation of the hip and talipes equinovarus in Riyadh. Ann Saudi Med 1988;8:34.
    • (1988) Ann Saudi Med , vol.8 , pp. 34
    • Mufti, M.H.1
  • 52
    • 0021203763 scopus 로고
    • A supernumerary microchromosome in amniotic cell cultures and talipes equinovarus in a live born female
    • Muneer RS, Himes JR., et al. A supernumerary microchromosome in amniotic cell cultures and talipes equinovarus in a live born female. Clin Genet 1984;26:480.
    • (1984) Clin Genet , vol.26 , pp. 480
    • Muneer, R.S.1    Himes, J.R.2
  • 53
    • 0030023214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antenatal sonographic diagnosis of clubfoot: A 6-year experience
    • Pagnotta G, Maffulli N, et al. Antenatal sonographic diagnosis of clubfoot: a 6-year experience. J Foot Ankle Surg 1996;35:67-71.
    • (1996) J Foot Ankle Surg , vol.35 , pp. 67-71
    • Pagnotta, G.1    Maffulli, N.2
  • 54
    • 0013769533 scopus 로고
    • Hereditary Clubfoot
    • Palmer RM. Hereditary Clubfoot. Clin Orthop 1964;33:138-146.
    • (1964) Clin Orthop , vol.33 , pp. 138-146
    • Palmer, R.M.1
  • 55
    • 0001169136 scopus 로고
    • The genetics of talipes equinovarus
    • Palmer RM. The genetics of talipes equinovarus. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 1964;46:542-556.
    • (1964) J Bone Joint Surg [Br] , vol.46 , pp. 542-556
    • Palmer, R.M.1
  • 56
    • 0015945265 scopus 로고
    • Studies of the inheritance of idiopathic talipes equinovarus
    • Palmer RM, Conneally PM, et al. Studies of the inheritance of idiopathic talipes equinovarus. Orthop Clin North Am 1974;5:99-108.
    • (1974) Orthop Clin North Am , vol.5 , pp. 99-108
    • Palmer, R.M.1    Conneally, P.M.2
  • 57
    • 0016995572 scopus 로고
    • Club foot: Classification, etiology and pathogenesis
    • Peretti G, Surace A. Club foot: classification, etiology and pathogenesis. Ital J Orthop Traumatol 1976;2:11-37.
    • (1976) Ital J Orthop Traumatol , vol.2 , pp. 11-37
    • Peretti, G.1    Surace, A.2
  • 58
    • 0026539172 scopus 로고
    • Congenital talipes equinovarus
    • Porter RW. Congenital talipes equinovarus. Curr Orthop 1992;6: 77-80.
    • (1992) Curr Orthop , vol.6 , pp. 77-80
    • Porter, R.W.1
  • 59
    • 0028969664 scopus 로고
    • Clubfoot: Congenital talipes equinovarus
    • Porter RW. Clubfoot: Congenital talipes equinovarus. J R Coll Surg Edinb 1995;40:71.
    • (1995) J R Coll Surg Edinb , vol.40 , pp. 71
    • Porter, R.W.1
  • 60
    • 0030051902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An anomalous muscle in children with congenital talipes
    • Porter RW. An anomalous muscle in children with congenital talipes. Clin Anat 1996;9:25-27.
    • (1996) Clin Anat , vol.9 , pp. 25-27
    • Porter, R.W.1
  • 61
    • 0025883103 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation in the incidence of congenital talipes equinovarus
    • Pryor GA, Villar RN, et al. Seasonal variation in the incidence of congenital talipes equinovarus. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 1991;73: 632-634.
    • (1991) J Bone Joint Surg [Br] , vol.73 , pp. 632-634
    • Pryor, G.A.1    Villar, R.N.2
  • 62
    • 0028437517 scopus 로고
    • Absent posterior tibial artery associated with clubfoot deformity: An unusual variant
    • Quillin SP, Hicks ME. Absent posterior tibial artery associated with clubfoot deformity: an unusual variant. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1994;5:497-499.
    • (1994) J Vasc Interv Radiol , vol.5 , pp. 497-499
    • Quillin, S.P.1    Hicks, M.E.2
  • 63
    • 0027423980 scopus 로고
    • A single gene explanation for the probability of having idiopathic talipes equinovarus
    • Rebbeck TR, Dietz FR, et al. A single gene explanation for the probability of having idiopathic talipes equinovarus. Am J Hum Genet 1993;53:1051-1063.
    • (1993) Am J Hum Genet , vol.53 , pp. 1051-1063
    • Rebbeck, T.R.1    Dietz, F.R.2
  • 64
    • 0014621540 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of two analytic procedures for estimating twin zygosity
    • Schoenfeldt LF. A comparison of two analytic procedures for estimating twin zygosity. Hunt Hered 1969;19:343-353.
    • (1969) Hunt Hered , vol.19 , pp. 343-353
    • Schoenfeldt, L.F.1
  • 65
    • 85011293485 scopus 로고
    • The anatomy of congenital talipes equin varus
    • Settle GW. The anatomy of congenital talipes equin varus. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1963;45:45.
    • (1963) J Bone Joint Surg [Am] , vol.45 , pp. 45
    • Settle, G.W.1
  • 66
    • 0014821016 scopus 로고
    • Heritability of liability and concordance in monozygous twins
    • Smith C. Heritability of liability and concordance in monozygous twins. Ann Hum Genet 1970;34:85.
    • (1970) Ann Hum Genet , vol.34 , pp. 85
    • Smith, C.1
  • 67
    • 85047502877 scopus 로고
    • Clubfoot; its incidence, cause and treatment. An anatomical-physiological study
    • Stewart SF. Clubfoot; its incidence, cause and treatment. An anatomical-physiological study. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1951;33:557.
    • (1951) J Bone Joint Surg [Am] , vol.33 , pp. 557
    • Stewart, S.F.1
  • 69
    • 0025285163 scopus 로고
    • A case-control study of maternal smoking and congenital malformations
    • Van DE, Karagas MR, et al. A case-control study of maternal smoking and congenital malformations. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1990;4:155.
    • (1990) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol , vol.4 , pp. 155
    • Van, D.E.1    Karagas, M.R.2
  • 70
    • 0023913895 scopus 로고
    • The role of major gene in clubfoot
    • Wang J, Palmer RM, et al. The role of major gene in clubfoot. Am J Hum Genet 1988;42:772-776.
    • (1988) Am J Hum Genet , vol.42 , pp. 772-776
    • Wang, J.1    Palmer, R.M.2
  • 71
    • 0000924731 scopus 로고
    • Club foot. An anatomical and experimental study of muscle growth
    • Wiley AM. Club foot. An anatomical and experimental study of muscle growth. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 1959;41:821-835.
    • (1959) J Bone Joint Surg [Br] , vol.41 , pp. 821-835
    • Wiley, A.M.1
  • 72
    • 0000981837 scopus 로고
    • Prime factors in the aetiology of congenital dislocation of the hip
    • Wilkinson JA. Prime factors in the aetiology of congenital dislocation of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 1963;45:268-283.
    • (1963) J Bone Joint Surg [Br] , vol.45 , pp. 268-283
    • Wilkinson, J.A.1
  • 73
    • 76549163722 scopus 로고
    • Family studies and the cause of congenital club foot talipes equinovarus, talipes calcaneo-valgus and metatarsus varus
    • Wynne-Davies R. Family studies and the cause of congenital club foot talipes equinovarus, talipes calcaneo-valgus and metatarsus varus. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 1964;46:445-463.
    • (1964) J Bone Joint Surg [Br] , vol.46 , pp. 445-463
    • Wynne-Davies, R.1
  • 74
    • 0013826766 scopus 로고
    • Family studies and aetiology of clubfoot
    • Wynne-Davies R. Family studies and aetiology of clubfoot. J Med Genet 1965;2:227-232.
    • (1965) J Med Genet , vol.2 , pp. 227-232
    • Wynne-Davies, R.1
  • 75
    • 0015334065 scopus 로고
    • Genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of talipes equinovarus
    • Wynne-Davies R. Genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of talipes equinovarus. Clin Orthop 1972;84:9-13.
    • (1972) Clin Orthop , vol.84 , pp. 9-13
    • Wynne-Davies, R.1
  • 76
    • 0019994598 scopus 로고
    • Aetiology and interrelationship of some common skeletal deformities (talipes equinovarus and calcaneovalgus, metatarsus varus, congenital dislocation of the hip and infantile idiopathic scoliosis)
    • Wynne-Davies R. Aetiology and interrelationship of some common skeletal deformities (talipes equinovarus and calcaneovalgus, metatarsus varus, congenital dislocation of the hip and infantile idiopathic scoliosis). J Med Genet 1982;19:321-328.
    • (1982) J Med Genet , vol.19 , pp. 321-328
    • Wynne-Davies, R.1
  • 77
    • 0032938813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Wnt5a pathway underlies outgrowth of multiple structures in the vertebrate embryo
    • Yamaguchi TP, Bradley A, et al. A Wnt5a pathway underlies outgrowth of multiple structures in the vertebrate embryo. Development 1999;126:1211-1223.
    • (1999) Development , vol.126 , pp. 1211-1223
    • Yamaguchi, T.P.1    Bradley, A.2
  • 78
    • 0030696738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene-environment interaction in epidemiologic research
    • Yang Q, Khoury MJ. III. Gene-environment interaction in epidemiologic research. Epidemiol Rev 1997;19:33-43.
    • (1997) Epidemiol Rev , vol.19 , pp. 33-43
    • Yang, Q.1    Khoury M.J. III2
  • 79
    • 0031565984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell death/apoptosis: Normal, chemically induced, and teratogenic effect
    • Zakeri ZF, Ahuja HS. Cell death/apoptosis: normal, chemically induced, and teratogenic effect. Mutat Res 1997;396:149-161.
    • (1997) Mutat Res , vol.396 , pp. 149-161
    • Zakeri, Z.F.1    Ahuja, H.S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.