Carbon monoxide production from sevoflurane breakdown: Modeling of exposures under clinical conditions

Anesthesia and Analgesia

Volumn 96, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 757-764

  Holak, Elena J ^a   Mei, David A ^a   Dunning III, Marshall B ^a   Gundamraj, Rao ^a   Noseir, Randa ^a   Zhang, Lu ^a   Woehlck, Harvey J ^a,b  

^a MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

^b FROEDTERT MEMORIAL LUTHERAN HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON MONOXIDE; CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN; FORMALDEHYDE; METHANOL; SEVOFLURANE;

ARTICLE; FLOW RATE; GAS FLOW; LUNG MINUTE VOLUME; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE;

EID: 0037369619     PISSN: 00032999     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000049584.64886.39     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Fang ZX, Eger II EI, Laster MJ, et al. Carbon monoxide production from degradation of desflurane, enflurane, isoflurane, halothane, and sevoflurane by soda lime and Baralyme®. Anesth Analg 1995;80:1187-93.
2. Frink EJ, Nogami WM, Morgan SE, Salmon RC. High carboxyhemoglobin concentrations occur in swine during desflurane anesthesia in the presence of partially dried carbon dioxide absorbents. Anesthesiology 1997;87:308-16.
3. Baum J, Sitte T, Straub JM, et al. Die reaktion von sevofluran mit trockenem atemkalk: überlegungen anläßlich eines aktuellen zwischenfalls. Anasthesiol Intensivmedizin 1998;39:11-6.
4. Strum D, Eger II EI. The degradation, absorption, and solubility of volatile anesthetics in soda lime depend on water content. Anesth Analg 1994;78:340-8.
5. Morio M, Fujii K, Satoh N, et al. Reaction of sevoflurane and its degradation products with soda lime: toxicity of the byproducts [see comments]. Anesthesiology 1992;77:1155-64.
6. Hanaki C, Fujii K, Morio M, Tashima T. Decomposition of sevoflurane by sodalime. Hiroshima J Med Sci 1987;36:61-7.
7. Baxter PJ, Garton K, Kharasch ED. Mechanistic aspects of carbon monoxide formation from volatile anesthetics. Anesthesiology 1998;89:929-41.
8. Strauß JM, Baum J, Sumpelmann R, et al. Zersetzung fon halothan, enfluran und isofluran an trockenem atemkalk zu kohlenmonoxid. Anaesthesist 1996;45:798-801.
9. Steffey EP, Laster MJ, Ionescu P, et al. Dehydration of Baralyme increases compound A resulting from sevoflurane degradation in a standard anesthetic circuit used to anesthetize swine. Anesth Analg 1997;85:1382-6.
10. Wissing H, Kuhn I, Warnken U, Dudziak R. Carbon monoxide production from desflurane, enflurane, halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane with dry soda lime. Anesthesiology 2001;95:1205-12.
11. Förster H, Dudziak R. Über die ursachen der reaktion zwischen trockenem atemkalk und halogenierten inhalationsanaesthetika. Anaesthesist 1997;46:1054-63.
12. Wissing H, Kuhn I, Dudziak R. Zur temperaturentwicklung von inhalationsanästhetika auf trockenem atemkalk. Anaesthesist 1997;46:1064-70.
13. Woehlck HJ, Dunning MB III, Connolly LA. Reduction in the incidence of carbon monoxide exposures in humans undergoing general anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1997;87:228-34.
14. Woehlck HJ, Dunning MB III, Raza T, et al. Physical factors affecting the production of carbon monoxide from anesthetic breakdown. Anesthesiology 2001;94:453-6.
15. Abbott Laboratories NC, IL 60064. USA: ultane sevoflurane, volatile liquid for inhalation. Package insert 1999 June, 1999:1-18.
16. Woehlck HJ, Dunning MB III, Nithipatikom K, et al. Mass spectrometry provides warning of carbon monoxide exposure via trifluoromethane. Anesthesiology 1996;84:1489-93.
17. Coburn RF, Forster RE, Kane PB. Considerations of the physiological variables that determine the blood carboxyhemoglobin concentration in man. J Clin Invest 1965;44:1899-910.
18. Peterson JE, Stewart RD. Absorption and elimination of carbon monoxide by inactive young men. Arch Environ Health 1970;21:165-71.
19. Peterson JE, Stewart RD. Predicting the carboxyhemoglobin levels resulting from carbon monoxide exposures. J Appl Phys 1975;39:633-8.
20. Woehlck HJ, Mei D, Dunning MB III, Ruiz F. Mathematical modeling of carbon monoxide exposures from anesthetic break-down. Anesthesiology 2001;94:457-60.
21. Warnken UH, Wissing H, Förster H. Sevoflurane and dry lime: is the carbon monoxide formed a reaction product from hexafluoroisopropanol? Anesthesiology 2000;93:A1165.
22. Woehlck HJ, Dunning MB III, Gandhi S, et al. Indirect detection of intraoperative carbon monoxide exposure by mass spectrometry during isoflurane anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1995;83:213-7.
23. Woehlck HJ, Dunning MB III, Kulier AH, et al. Performance of an electrochemical carbon monoxide monitor in the presence of anesthetic gases. J Clin Monit 1997;13:357-62.
24. Wallin RF, Regan BM, Napoli MD, Stern IJ. Sevoflurane, a new inhalational anesthetic agent. Anesth Analg 1975;54: 758-66.
25. Warnken UH, Asskali F, Förster H. Compound A, methanol, and dimethoxymethane production by decomposition of sevoflurane with dry CO2 absorbents. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 1998;33:FP-E 304.8 S415.
26. Budavari S. The merck index. 11th ed. Rahway, NJ: Merck, 1989.