Basic principles of diffusion-weighted imaging

European Journal of Radiology

Volumn 45, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 169-184

  Bammer, Roland ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Diffusion; Magnetic resonance imaging; MRI; Tensor

Indexed keywords

DIAGNOSTIC RADIOGRAPHY; DIFFUSION; PROTONS; WATER;

DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED IMAGING (DWI);

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING;

ARTICLE; DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING; DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING; MAGNETIC FIELD; MOTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VELOCITY;

ARTIFACTS; BRAIN; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; DIFFUSION MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; ECHO-PLANAR IMAGING; HUMANS;

EID: 0037367362     PISSN: 0720048X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0720-048X(02)00303-0     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Moseley M.E., Kucharczyk J., Mintorovitch J., Cohen Y., Kurhanewicz J., Derugin N., Asgari H., Norman D. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of acute stroke: correlation with T2-weighted and magnetic susceptibility-enhanced MR imaging in cats. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 11:1990;423-429.
2. Lansberg M.G., Norbash A.M., Marks M.P., Tong D.C., Moseley M.E., Albers G.W. Advantages of adding diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to conventional magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating acute stroke. Arch. Neurol. 57:2000;1311-1316.
3. Nakahara M., Ericson K., Bellander B.M. Diffusion-weighted MR and apparent diffusion coefficient in the evaluation of severe brain injury. Acta Radiol. 42:2001;365-369.
4. Filippi M., Cercignani M., Inglese M., Horsfield M.A., Comi G. Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 56:2001;304-311.
5. Bammer R., Fazekas F. Diffusion imaging in multiple sclerosis. Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. 12:2002;71-106.
6. Klingberg T., Hedehus M., Temple E., Salz T., Gabrieli J.D., Moseley M.E., Poldrack R.A. Microstructure of temporo-parietal white matter as a basis for reading ability: evidence from diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Neuron. 25:2000;493-500.
7. Mori S., Crain B.J., Chacko V.P., van Zijl P.C. Three-dimensional tracking of axonal projections in the brain by magnetic resonance imaging. Ann. Neurol. 45:1999;265-269.
8. Carr H.Y., Purcell E.M. Effects of diffusion on free precession in nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. Phys. Rev. 94:1954;630-638.
9. Stejskal E.O., Tanner J.E. Spin diffusion measurements: spin echoes in the presence of a time-dependent field gradient. J. Chem. Phys. 42:1965;288-292.
10. Merboldt K.D., Hanicke W., Bruhn H., Gyngell M.L., Frahm J. Diffusion imaging of the human brain in vivo using high-speed STEAM MRI. Magn. Reson. Med. 23:1992;179-192.
11. Le Bihan D., Turner R., MacFall J.R. Effects of intravoxel incoherent motions (IVIM) in steady-state free precession (SSFP) imaging: application to molecular diffusion imaging. Magn. Reson. Med. 10:1989;324-337.
12. Wu E.X., Buxton R.B. Effects of diffusion on the steady-state magnetization with pulsed field gradients. J. Magn. Reson. 90:1990;243-253.
13. Buxton R.B. The diffusion sensitivity of fast steady-state free precession imaging. Magn. Reson. Med. 29:1993;235-243.
14. Gudbjartsson H., Patz S. Simulatneous calculation of flow and diffusion sensitivity in steady-state free precession imaging. Magn. Reson. Med. 34:1995;567-579.
15. Baur A., Stabler A., Bruning R., Bartl R., Krodel A., Reiser M., Deimling M. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of bone marrow: differentiation of benign versus pathologic compression fractures. Radiology. 207:1998;349-356.
16. Hennig J. Echoes - how to generate, recognize, use or avoid them in MR-imaging sequences: Part 1. Concepts Magn. Reson. 3:1991;125-143.
17. Hennig J. Echoes - how to generate, recognize, use or avoid them in MR-imaging sequences: Part 2. Concepts Magn. Reson. 3:1991;179-192.
18. Scheffler K. A pictorial description of steady-states in rapid magnetic resonance imaging. Concepts Magn. Reson. 11:1999;291-304.
19. Anderson A.W., Gore J.C. Analysis and correction of motion artifacts in diffusion weighted imaging. Magn. Reson. Med. 32:1994;379-387.
20. Greitz D., Wirestam R., Franck A., Nordell B., Thomsen C., Stahlberg F. Pulsatile brain movement and associated hydrodynamics studied by magnetic resonance phase imaging. The Monro-Kellie doctrine revisited. Neuroradiology. 34:1992;370-380.
21. Poncelet B.P., Wedeen W.J., Weisskoff R.M., Cohen M.S. Brain parenchyma motion: measurement with cine echo-planar imaging. Radiology. 185:1988;645-651.
22. Gudbjartsson H., Maier S.E., Mulkern R.V., Morocz I.A., Patz S., Jolesz F.A. Line scan diffusion imaging. Magn. Reson. Med. 36:1996;509-519.
23. Gudbjartsson H., Maier S.E., Jolesz F.A. Double line scan diffusion imaging. Magn. Reson. Med. 38:1997;101-109.
24. Trouard T.P., Theilmann R.J., Altbach M.I., Gmitro A.F. High-resolution diffusion imaging with DIFRAD-FSE (diffusion-weighted radial acquisition of data with fast spin-echo) MRI. Magn. Reson. Med. 42:1999;11-18.
25. Li T.Q., Takahashi A.M., Hindmarsh T., Moseley M.E. ADC mapping by means of a single-shot spiral MRI technique with application in acute cerebral ischemia. Magn. Reson. Med. 41:1999;143-147.
26. de Crespigny A.J., Marks M.P., Enzmann D.R., Moseley M.E. Navigated diffusion imaging of normal and ischemic human brain. Magn. Reson. Med. 33:1995;720-728.
27. Butts K., de Crespigny A., Pauly J.M., Moseley M. Diffusion-weighted interleaved echo-planar imaging with a pair of orthogonal navigator echoes. Magn. Reson. Med. 35:1996;763-770.
28. Butts K., Pauly J., de Crespigny A., Moseley M. Isotropic diffusion-weighted and spiral-navigated interleaved EPI for routine imaging of acute stroke. Magn. Reson. Med. 38:1997;741-749.
29. Bammer R., Stollberger R., Augustin M., Simbrunner J., Offenbacher H., Kooijman H., Ropele S., Kapeller P., Wach P., Ebner F., Fazekas F. Diffusion-weighted imaging with navigated interleaved echo-planar imaging and a conventional gradient system. Radiology. 211:1999;799-806.
30. Atkinson D., Porter D.A., Hill D.L., Calamante F., Connelly A. Sampling and reconstruction effects due to motion in diffusion-weighted interleaved echo planar imaging. Magn. Reson. Med. 44:2000;101-109.
31. Mansfield P. Multi-planar image formation using NMR spin echoes. J. Phys. C. 10:1977;L55-58.
32. Turner R., Le Bihan D., Maier J., Vavrek R., Hedges L.K., Pekar J. Echo-planar imaging of intravoxel incoherent motion. Radiology. 177:1990;407-414.
33. Farzaneh F., Riederer S.J., Pelc N.J. Analysis of T2 limitations and off-resonance effects on spatial resolution and artifacts in echo-planar imaging. Magn. Reson. Med. 14:1990;123-139.
34. Bammer R., Keeling S.L., Augustin M., Pruessmann K.P., Wolf R., Stollberger R., Hartung H.P., Fazekas F. Improved diffusion-weighted single-shot echo-planar imaging (EPI) in stroke using sensitivity encoding (SENSE). Magn. Reson. Med. 46:2001;548-554.
35. Bammer R., Auer M., Keeling S.L., Augustin M., Stables L.A., Prokesch R.W., Stollberger R., Moseley M.E., Fazekas F. Diffusion tensor imaging using single-shot SENSE-EPI. Magn. Reson. Med. 48:2002;128-136.
36. Mamata H., Mamata Y., Westin C.F., Shenton M.E., Kikinis R., Jolesz F.A., Maier S.E. High-resolution line scan diffusion tensor MR imaging of white matter fiber tract anatomy. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 23:2002;67-75.
37. Robertson R.L., Maier S.E., Mulkern R.V., Vajapayam S., Robson C.D., Barnes P.D. MR line-scan diffusion imaging of the spinal cord in children. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 21:2000;1344-1348.
38. Murphy B.P., Zientara G.P., Huppi P.S., Maier S.E., Barnes P.D., Jolesz F.A., Volpe J.J. Line scan diffusion tensor MRI of the cervical spinal cord in preterm infants. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 13:2001;949-953.
39. Bammer R, Herneth AM, Maier SE, Butts K, Prokesch RW, Do HM, Atlas SW, Moseley ME. Line scan diffusion imaging of the spine. Am J Neuroradiol (in press).
40. Bammer R., Augustin M., Prokesch R.W., Stollberger R., Fazekas F. Diffusion-weighted imaging of the spinal cord: interleaved echo-planar imaging is superior to fast spin-echo. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 15:2002;364-373.
41. Gmitro A.F., Alexander A.L. Use of a projection reconstruction method to decrease motion sensitivity in diffusion-weighted MRI. Magn. Reson. Med. 29:1993;835-838.
42. Alsop D.C. Phase insensitive preparation of single-shot RARE: application to diffusion imaging in humans. Magn. Reson. Med. 38:1997;527-533.
43. Schick F. SPLICE: sub-second diffusion-sensitive MR imaging using a modified fast spin-echo acquisition mode. Magn. Reson. Med. 38:1997;638-644.
44. Pipe J.G., Farthing V.G., Forbes K.P. Multishot diffusion-weighted FSE using PROPELLER MRI. Magn. Reson. Med. 47:2002;42-52.
45. Shaka A., Rucker S., Pines A. Iterative Carr-Purcell trains. J. Magn. Reson. 77:1988;606-611.
46. Jackson J.I., Meyer C.H., Nishimura D.H., Macovski A. Selection of a convolution function for fourier inversion using gridding. IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 10:1991;473-478.
47. Bammer R, Glover GH, Moseley ME. Diffusion tensor spiral imaging. In: Book of abstracts: 10th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Honolulu, HI: International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2002;2002:1111.
48. Meyer C.H., Hu B.S., Nishimura D.G., Macovski A. Fast spiral coronary artery imaging. Magn. Reson. Med. 28:1992;202-213.
49. Glover G.H., Lai S. Self-navigated spiral fMRI: interleaved versus single-shot. Magn. Reson. Med. 39:1998;361-368.
50. Liao J.R., Pauly J.M., Brosnan T.J., Pelc N.J. Reduction of motion artifacts in cine MRI using variable-density spiral trajectories. Magn. Reson. Med. 37:1997;569-575.
51. Basser P.J., Mattiello J., Le Bihan D. Estimation of the effective self-diffusion tensor from the NMR spin echo. J. Magn. Reson. 103:1994;247-254.
52. Jones D.K., Horsfield M.A., Simmons A. Optimal strategies for measuring diffusion in anisotropic systems by magnetic resonance imaging. Magn. Reson. Med. 42:1999;515-525.
53. Papadakis N.G., Murrills C.D., Hall L.D., Huang C.L., Adrian Carpenter T. Minimal gradient encoding for robust estimation of diffusion anisotropy. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 18:2000;671-679.
54. Skare S., Hedehus M., Moseley M.E., Li T.Q. Condition number as a measure of noise performance of diffusion tensor data acquisition schemes with MRI. J. Magn. Reson. 147:2000;340-352.
55. Basser P.J., Pierpaoli C. Microstructural and physiological features of tissues elucidated by quantitative diffusion tensor MRI. J. Magn. Reson. B. 111:1996;209-219.
56. Frank L.R. Characterization of anisotropy in high angular resolution diffusion-weighted MRI. Magn. Reson. Med. 47:2002;1083-1099.