Preferred changes in power differences: Effects of social comparison in equal and unequal power relations

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Volumn 39, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 149-160

  van Dijke, Marius ^a   Poppe, Matthijs ^a  

^a TILBURG UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Hierarchy; Power; Power change; Power distance; Social comparison

Indexed keywords

EID: 0037359911     PISSN: 00221031     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-1031(02)00524-3     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 267-299). New York: Academic Press.
2. Brewer, M. B., & Brown, R. J. (1998). Intergroup relations. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 554-594). Boston/Mass: McGraw-Hill.
3. Bruins, J. J., & Wilke, H. A. M. (1992). Cognitions and behaviour in a hierarchy: Mulder's power theory revisited. European Journal of Social Psychology, 22, 21-39.
4. Bruins, J. J., & Wilke, H. A. M. (1993). Upward power tendencies in a hierarchy: Power distance theory versus bureaucratic rule. European Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 239-254.
5. Dakin, S., & Arrowood, A. J. (1981). The social comparison of ability. Human Relations, 34, 89-109.
6. Depret, M., & Fiske, S. (1993). Social cognition and power: Some cognitive consequences of social structure as a source of control deprivation. In G. Weary, L. Gleicher, & L. Marsh (Eds.), Control motivation and social cognition (pp. 176-202). New York: Springer-Verlag.
7. Emerson, R. M. (1962). Power dependence relations. American Sociological Review, 27, 31-41.
8. Emerson, R. M. (1964). Power dependence relations: Two experiments. Sociometry, 27, 282-298.
9. Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7, 117-140.
10. Fiske, S. T. (2001). Effects of power on bias: Power explains and maintains individual, group, and societal disparities. In A. Y. Lee-Chai & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The use and abuse of power: Multiple perspectives on the causes of corruption (pp. 181-193). Philadelphia, PA, USA: Psychology Press/Taylor & Francis.
11. Goethals, G. R., & Darley, J. M. (1977). Social comparison theory: An attributional approach. In J. M. Suls & R. L. Miller (Eds.), Social comparison processes: Theoretical and empirical perspectives (pp. 259-278). Washington, DC: Hemisphere.
12. Grzelak, J. L., Bobrowski, M., Ossewska, H., & Wyszogrodzki, K. (1994). Is 3 less than 2? A negative effect of the number of allocation participants on prosocial orientations. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 25, 223-240.
13. Grzelak, J. L., Poppe, M., Czwartosz, Z., & Nowak, A. (1988). 'Numerical trap'. A new look at outcome representation in studies on choice behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology, 18, 143-159.
14. Hogg, M. A. (2000). Subjective uncertainty reduction through self-categorization: A motivational theory of social identity processes. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (Vol. 11, pp. 223-256).
15. Hogg, M. A., & Mullin, B. A. (1999). Joining groups to reduce uncertainty: Subjective uncertainty reduction and group identification. In D. Abrams & M. A. Hogg (Eds.), Social identity and social cognition. Oxford/Malden: Blackwell Publishers.
16. Houghland, J. C., & Wood, J. R. (1980). Control in organizations and the commitment of members. Social Forces, 59, 85-105.
17. Hollander, M. P. (1985). Leadership and power. In G. Lindzey & M. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 485-537). New York: Random House.
18. Huguet, P., Dumas, F., Monteil, J. M., & Genestoux, N. (2001). Social comparison choices in the classroom: Further evidence for students' upward comparison tendency and its beneficial impact on performance. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 557-578.
19. Kelley, H. H., & Thibaut, J. W. (1978). Interpersonal relations. A theory of interdependence. New York: Wiley.
20. Kipnis, H. (1974). The powerholder. In J. T. Tedeschi (Ed.), Perspectives on social power (pp. 82-122). Chicago: Aldine publishing company.
21. Kuhlman, H. M., & Marshello, A. M. J. (1975). Individual differences in game motivation as moderators of preprogrammed strategy effects in prisoner's dilemma. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 922-931.
22. Mulder, M. (1977). The daily power game. Leiden: H.M. Stenfert Kroese b.v.
23. Mulder, M., Veen, P., Hijzen, T., & Jansen, P. (1973). On power equalization: A behavioral example of power distance reduction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 87-96.
24. Ng, S. H. (1977). Structural and non-structural aspects of power distance reduction tendencies. European Journal of Social Psychology, 7, 317-345.
25. Ng, S. H. (1980). The social psychology of power. London/New York: Academic Press.
26. Poppe, M. (1980). Social comparison in two-person experimental games. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
27. Poppe, M. (1996). Het effect van machtspositie op geprefereerde verandering in machtafstand [The effect of power position on preferred changes in power differences]. In N. K. de Vries, C. K. W. de Dreu, W. Stroebe, & R. Vonk (Eds.), Fundamentele sociale psychologie (Vol. 10, pp. 133-146). Tilburg: Tilburg University Press.
28. Ridgeway, C. L., Diekema, D., & Johnson, C. (1995). Legitimacy, compliance, and gender in peer groups. Social Psychology Quarterly, 58, 298-311.
29. Ridgeway, C. L., Johnson, C., & Diekema, D. (1994). External status, legitimacy, and compliance in male and female groups. Social Forces, 72, 1051-1077.
30. Rijsman, J. (1974). Factors in social comparison of performance influencing actual performance. European Journal of Social Psychology, 4, 279-311.
31. Rijsman, J. (1983). The dynamics of social competition in personal and categorical comparison-situations. In W. Doise & S. Moscovici (Eds.), Current issues in European social psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 279-312). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
32. Rijsman, J., & Poppe, M. (1977). Power difference between players and level of matrix as determinants of competition in a MDG. European Journal of Social Psychology, 7, 347-367.
33. Sachdev, I., & Bourhis, R. Y. (1985). Social categorization and power differentials in group relations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 15, 415-434.
34. Sachdev, I., & Bourhis, R. Y. (1991). Power and status differentials in minority and majority group relations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 21, 1-24.
35. Seta, J. J. (1982). The impact of comparison processes on coactors' task performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 281-291.
36. Seta, J. J., Seta, C. E., & Donaldson, S. (1991). The impact of comparison processes on coactors' frustration and willingness to expend effort. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 560-568.
37. Schultz, U., & May, T. (1989). The recording of social orientations with ranking and pair comparison procedures. European Journal of Social Psychology, 19, 41-49.
38. Suls, J. M., & Wheeler, L. (Eds.). (2000). Handbook of social comparisons: Theory and research. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
39. Suls, J. M., & Wills, T. A. (Eds.). (1991). Social comparison. Contemporary theory and research. New Jersey: Erlbaum.
40. Tajfel, H. (1957). Value and the perceptual judgment of magnitude. Psychological Review, 64, 192-204.
41. Tajfel, H., & Wilkes, A. L. (1963). Classification and quantitative judgement. British Journal of Psychology, 54, 101-114.
42. Tesser, A. (1986). Some effects of self-evaluation maintenance on cognition and action. In R. M. Sorentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior (pp. 435-464). New York: Guilford.
43. Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (Eds.). (1987). Rediscovering the social group. A self-categorization theory. Oxford/New York: Basil Blackwell.
44. Van den Bos, K. (2001). Uncertainty management: The influence of uncertainty salience on reactions to perceived procedural fairness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 931-941.
45. Van Dijke, M., & Poppe, M. (2000). Voorkeur voor het veranderen van machtsverschillen in hierarchisch georganiseerde groepen [Preferences to change power differences in hierarchically structured groups]. In C. Martijn, C. G. Rutte, D. A. Stapel, & E. van Dijk (Eds.), Fundamentele sociale psychologie (Vol. 14, pp. 79-88). Delft: Eburon.
46. Van Knippenberg, D., & Van Schie, E. C. M. (2000). Foci and correlates of organizational identification. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73, 137-147.
47. Van Yperen, N. W., & Buunk, B. P. (1990). A longitudinal study of equity and satisfaction in intimate relationships. European Journal of Social Psychology, 20, 287-309.
48. Walster, E., Walster, G. W., & Berscheid, E. (1978). Equity: Theory and research. Bosten/London: Allyn and Bacon Inc..
49. Wheeler, L. (1966). Motivation as a determinant of social comparison. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2(Suppl. 1), 27-31.
50. Wheeler, L., Shaver, K. G., Jones, R. A., Goethals, G. R., Cooper, J., & Robinson, J. E., et al. (1969). Factors determining the choice of a comparison other. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 5, 219-232.
51. Wilke, H. A. M. (1985). Coalition formation from a socio-psychological perspective. In H. A. M. Wilke (Ed.), Coalition formation. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
52. Wood, J. V. (1989). Theory and research concerning social comparisons of personal attributes. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 231-248.
53. Wood, J. V. (1996). What is social comparison and how should we study it? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 520-537.