Analytical model of iron losses in power transformers

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics

Volumn 39, Issue 2 II, 2003, Pages 973-980

  Elleuch, Mohammed ^a   Poloujadoff, Michel ^b  

^a Ecl Natl d'Ing de Tunis   (Tunisia)

^b SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

Author keywords

Core losses models; Ferroresonance; Power transformer

Indexed keywords

ELECTRIC CONDUCTANCE; ELECTRIC TRANSFORMERS; FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; INDUCTANCE; IRON; MAGNETIC HYSTERESIS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS;

CORE LOSSES MODELS; FERRORESONANCE; IRON LOSSES; POWER TRANSFORMERS;

MAGNETIC LEAKAGE;

EID: 0037359891     PISSN: 00189464     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2003.808591     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. M. Elleuch and M. Poloujadoff, "Anisotropy in three phase transformer circuit model," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 33, pp. 4319-4326, Sept. 1997.
2. C. Lee and H. K. Jung, "Nonlinear analysis of the three-phase transformer considering the anisotropy with voltage source," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 36, pp. 491-499, Jan. 2000.
3. A. J. Moses and J. Liu, "Quantification of the accuracy of different approaches to modeling anisotropy of grain oriented electrical steels," in Soft Magnetic Materials 13 (SMM'13), Grenoble, France, 1997, p. Tpm 6A-09.
4. G. W. Swift, "Power transformer core behavior under transient conditions," IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst., vol. PAS-90, no. 5, pp. 2206-2210, 1971.
5. D. M. German and A. E. Davies, "The simulation of transformer feeders following switching operations," IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst., vol. 100, no. PAS-11, pp. 4510-4514, 1981.
6. K. Foster, F. E. Werner, and R. M. Vecchio, "Loss separation measurements for several electrical steels," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 8308-8310, 1982.
7. D. S. Takach and R. L. Boggavarapu, "Distribution transformer no load losses," IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst., vol. PAS-140, no. 1, pp. 181-192, 1985.
8. M. Elleuch and M. Poloujadoff, "Three phase, three limb transformer model for switching transient calculations. Part I: Parameter definition and identification," Acta Tech. Csav, no. 1, pp. 100-117, 1988.
9. J. D. Greene and C. A. Gross, "Nonlinear modeling of transformer," IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 24, pp. 434-438, May/June 1988.
10. J. L. Binard and J. C. Maun, "Power transformer simulation including inrush currents and internal defaults," in Proc. Int. Assoc. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, TC'90, vol. I, Nancy, France, 1990, pp. 57-62.
11. S. Ray, "Analysis of transient behavior of power system circuits containing iron cored coils," Proc. Inst. Elec. Eng. C, vol. 138, no. 4, pp. 275-282, 1991.
12. T. Sato and Y. Sakaki, "Physical meaning of equivalent loss resistance of magnetic cores." IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 26, pp. 2894-2897, Sept. 1990.
13. R. C. Degeneff, M. R. Gutierrez, and P. J. Mc Kenny, "A method for constructing reduced order transformer models for system studies from detailed lumped parameter models," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 7, pp. 649-655, May 1992.
14. X. S. Chen, P. Neudorfer, and S. Cileng, "Simulation of ferroresonance in low-loss grounded WYE-WYE transformers using a new multi-legged transformer model in EMTP," in Proc. Int. Conf. Advances in Power System Control, Operation and Management, Hong Kong, 1993, pp. 2.1-2.7.
15. D. Dolinar, J. Pihler, and B. Grear, "Dynamic model of three-phase power transformer," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 8, pp. 1811-1819, Nov. 1993.
16. X. S. Chen and P. Neudorfer, "Digital model for transient studies of a three-phase five legged transformer," Proc. Inst. Elec. Eng. C, vol. 139, no. 4, pp. 351-358, 1992.
17. F. Leon and A. Semlyen, "Complete transformer model for electromagnetic transients," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 9, pp. 231-239, Feb. 1994.
18. D. C. Jiles and D. L. Atherton, "Theory of ferromagnetic hysteresis," J. Magn. Magn. Mater., vol. 61, pp. 48-60, 1986.
19. G. Bertotti, "Dynamic generalization of the scalar Preisach model of hysteresis," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 28, pp. 2599-2601, Sept. 1992.
20. H. Igarashi, D. Lederer, A. Kost, T. Honma, and T. Nakata, "A numerical investigation of Preisach and Jiles models for magnetic hysterésis," in Proc. Int. Symp. Electromagnetic Fields in Electrical Engineering, Gdansk, Poland, 1997, pp. 404-407.
21. U. D. Annakkage, P. G. McLaren, E. Dircks, R. P. Jayasinghe, and A. D. Parker, "A current transformer model based on the Jiles-Atherthon theory of ferromagnetic hysteresis," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 15, pp. 57-61, Feb. 2000.
22. G. Bertotti, "General properties of power losses in soft ferromagnetic materials," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 24, pp. 621-630, Jan. 1988.
23. F. Fiorello and M. Novikov, "An improved approach to power loss in magnetic laminations under nonsinusoidal induction waveform," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 26, pp. 2904-2910, Sept. 1990.
24. E. Giannatasio, J. F. Faltermeir, and M. Scatte, "L'apport des matériaux dans l'évolution des transformateurs de distribution," Rev. Générale d'Électricité, no. 11, pp. 13-18, 1989.
25. A. J. Moses, "Comparison of transformer loss prediction from computed and measured flux density distribution," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 34, pp. 1168-1170, July 1998.
26. Z. Valkovic, "Influence of transformer core design on power losses," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 18, pp. 801-804, Mar. 1982.
27. T. Nakata, "Numerical analysis of flux and loss distribution in electrical machinery," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 20, pp. 1750-1755, Sept. 1984.
28. R. S. Albir and A. J. Moses, "Reductions in transformer losses achieved by staggering lamination layers," Phys. Scrip., vol. 39, pp. 629-638, 1989.
29. J. M. Dedulle et al., "Magnetic fields in nonlinear anisotropic grain-oriented iron-sheet," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 26, pp. 524-527, Mar. 1990.
30. Z. K. Ding, "Microscopic analysis of power transformer," in Proc. Int. Symp. Electromagnetic Fields in Electrical Engineering, Gdansk, Poland, 1997, pp. 134-139.
31. G. F. Mechler, "Calculation of spatial loss distribution in stacked power and distribution transformer cores," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 13, pp. 532-537, May 1998.
32. G. F. Mechler and R. S. Girgis, "Magnetic flux distributions in transformer core joints," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 15, pp. 198-203, Jan. 2000.
33. E. G. teNyenhuis, G. F. Mechler, and R. S. Girgis, "Flux distribution and core loss calculation for single phase and five limb three phase transformer core designs," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 15, pp. 204-209, Jan. 2000.
34. Z. Godec, "Influence of slitting on core losses and magnetization curve of grain-oriented electrical steels," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 13, pp. 1053-1057, July 1977.
35. H. W. Dommel, "Transformer models in the simulation of electromagnetic transients," in Proc. 5th Power Systems Computation Conf., England, 1975, Paper 3.1/4.
36. N. L. Diseko and J. P. Bickford, "A method of simulating linear and non-linear resonant phenomena associated with transformer feeders," Proc. Inst. Elec. Eng. C, vol. 127, no. 3, pp. 169-178, 1980.
37. S. Ihara, J. Panek, and E. T. Tuhoy, "Chopping of transformer magnetizing currents: Part II: Three-phase transformer," IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst., vol. PAS-102, no. 5, pp. 1106-1114, 1983.
38. N. D. Hatziargyriou, J. M. Prousalidis, and B. C. Papadias, "Generalized transformer model based on the analysis of its magnetic core circuit," Proc. Inst. Elec. Eng. C, vol. 140, no. 4, pp. 269-278, 1993.
39. N. Richard and N. Szylowicz, "Comparison between a permeance network model and a 2D finite element model for the inrush current computation in a three phase transformer," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 30, pp. 3232-3235, Sept. 1994.
40. M. Calzolari and C. Saldana, "Analysis of transformer matrix representation in electromagnetic transient studies," in Proc. Int. Conf. Power Systems Transients, Lisbon, Portugal, 1995, pp. 153-158.
41. T. Ueda, S. Neo, T. Sugimoto, T. Funabashi, and N. Takeuchi, "An improved transformer model for transfer voltage study," in Proc. Int. Conf. Power Systems Transients, Lisbon, Portugal, 1995, pp. 125-130.
42. B. A. Mork, "Five-legged wound-core transformer model: Derivation, parameters, implementation, and evaluation," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 14, pp. 1519-1526, Nov. 1999.
43. L. Pierrat and T. Tran-Quoc, "A new method for modeling magnetization characteristics of transformers by including hysteresis," in Proc. Int. Conf. Electrical Machines, Paris, France, 1994, pp. 679-682.
44. ____, "Influence of random variables on transformer inrush current," in Proc. Int. Conf. Power Systems Transients, Lisbon, Portugal, 1995, pp. 148-152.
45. Working Group C-5 of the System Protection Subcommittee of the IEEE Power System Relaying Committee, "Mathematical models for current, voltage, and coupling capacitor voltage transformers," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 15, pp. 62-72, Feb. 2000.
46. IEEE Working Group on Modeling and Analysis of Systems Transients Using Digital Programs, "Modeling and analysis guidelines for slow transients-Part III: The study of ferroresonance," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 15, pp. 255-265, Feb. 2000.
47. W. K. Macfadyen, R. R. S. Simpson, R. D. Slater, and W. S. Wood, "Method of predicting transient current patterns in transformers," Proc. Inst. Elec. Eng., vol. 120, no. 11, pp. 1393-1396, 1973.
48. H. L. Nakra and T. H. Barton, "Three phase transformer transients," IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst., vol. PAS-93, no. 6, pp. 1810-1819, 1974.
49. H. Amano and K. Okuno, "Magnetizing inrush current of shell-type three phase transformer," Elec. Eng. Jpn., vol. 101, no. 3, pp. 56-64, 1983.
50. R. Yacamini, "The calculation of inrush current in three-phase transformers," Proc. Inst. Elec. Eng. B, vol. 133, no. 1, pp. 31-40, 1986.
51. M. A. Rahman, "Digital simulation of magnetizing inrush currents in three-phase transformers," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 1, pp. 235-242, Nov. 1986.
52. R. C. Ling Y and A. Basak, "Numerical prediction of magnetising inrush current in transformers," Phys. Scrip., vol. 40, pp. 246-248, 1989.
53. F. Leplus and G. Manesse, "Numerical modeling of three phase forced flux transformer located in a static conversion chain," in Proc. Int. Assoc. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, TC1'90, vol. I, France, 1990, pp. 69-74.
54. J. F. Witte, F. P. DeCesaro, and S. R. Mendis, "Damaging long-term over-voltages on industrial capacitor banks due to transformer energization inrush currents," IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 30, pp. 1007-1115, July/Aug. 1994.
55. W. L. A. Neves and H. W. Dommel, "Transformer core modeling," in Proc. Int. Conf. Power Systems Transients, Lisbon, Portugal, 1995, pp. 125-130.
56. M. Elleuch and M. Poloujadoff, "A contribution to the modeling of three phase transformers using reluctances," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 32, pp. 3335-3343, Mar. 1996.
57. X. S. Chen and S. S. Venkata, "A three-phase three-winding core-type transformer model for low-frequency transient studies," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 12, pp. 775-782, May 1997.
58. T. Tran-Quoc and L. Pierrat, "An efficient non linear transformer model and its application to ferroresonance study," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 31, pp. 2060-2063, May 1995.
59. ____, "Correction of the measured core losses under distorted flux," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 33, pp. 2045-2048, Mar. 1997.
60. S. Prusty and M. V. S. Rao, "A novel approach for predetermination of magnetization characteristics of transformers including hysteresis," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. MAG-20, pp. 607-612, July 1984.
61. J. Faiz and M. B. B. Sharifian, "Hysteresis loop modeling techniques and core estimation of magnetic cores," in Proc. Int. Symp. Electromagnetic Fields in Electrical Engineering, Gdansk, Poland, 1997, pp. 398-403.
62. M. Elleuch and M. Poloujadoff, "A new transformer model including joint air gaps and lamination anisotropy," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 34, pp. 3701-3711, Sept. 1998.
63. A. H. Al-Haj and I. El-Amin, "Factors that influence transformer no-load current harmonics," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 15, pp. 163-166, Feb. 2000.
64. F. Leon and A. Semlyen, "A simple representation of dynamic hysteresis losses in power," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 10, pp. 315-322, Feb. 1995.
65. M. Popov and E. Acha, "Overvoltages due to switching off an unloaded transformer with a vacuum circuit breaker," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 14, pp. 1317-1326, Oct. 1999.
66. A. A. Abdel Quader and A. Basak, "Building factor of a 100 KVA 3-phase distribution transformer core," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. MAG-18, pp. 1487-1489, Nov. 1982.
67. S. Wada, T. Yagisawa, and N. Asai, "Building factors of transformer core made from low loss Si-steel sheets," Phys. Scrip., vol. 39, pp. 403-405, 1989.
68. P. Geogilakis, N. Hatziargyriou, and D. Pparigas, "Al helps reduce transformer iron losses," IEEE Comput. Appl. Power, pp. 41-46, Oct. 1999.
69. C. Nussbaum, H. Pfützner, Th. Booth, N. Baumgartinger, A. Ilo, and M. Clabian, "Neural networks for prediction of magnetic transformer core characteristics," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 36, pp. 313-329, Jan. 2000.
70. F. Leon and A. Semlyen, "Efficient calculation of elementary parameters of transformers," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 7, pp. 376-383, Feb. 1992.