Ultrasonic flowmeters: Temperature gradients and transducer geometry effects

Ultrasonics

Volumn 41, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 105-114

  Willatzen, M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN DENMARK   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Flow; Flow measurement; Temperature gradients; Ultrasound propagation; Ultrasound transducers

Indexed keywords

FLOW MEASUREMENT; LAMINAR FLOW; NAVIER STOKES EQUATIONS; TRANSDUCERS;

FLOWMETER SENSORS;

ULTRASONIC FLOWMETERS;

EID: 0037359174     PISSN: 0041624X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0041-624X(02)00429-8     Document Type: Article

References (16)

1. Willatzen M. Perturbation theory applied to sound propagation in a flowing media confined by a cylindrical wall. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 109:2001;102-107.
2. Willatzen M. Ultrasound transducer modeling - general theory and applications to ultrasound reciprocal systems. IEEE Trans. Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics Freq. Control. 48:2001;100-112.
3. Lynnworth L.C. Ultrasonic flowmeters. Mason W.P., Thurston R.N. Physical Acoustics. vol. 14:1979;407-525 Academic, New York. (Chapter 5).
4. E.P. Papadakis, Guest Editor, Physical Acoustics, vol. 23, Academic Press, 1999.
5. Spitzer D.W. Flow Measurement. 2001;ISA.
6. Sodha M.S., Kumar A., Goyal I.C., Ghatak A.K. Sound wave propagation in cylindrical inhomogeneus waveguides. Acustica. 41:1979;232-237.
7. Willatzen M. Comments on "Ultrasonic flowmetering based on transit time differentials which are insensitive to flow profile" (J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 74 (1983) 955-959). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107:2000;1762-1765.
8. P. Mungur, H.E. Plumblee, Propagation and attenuation of sound in a soft walled annular duct containing shear flow, NASA SP-207 (1969) 305-322.
9. Agarwal N.K., Bull M.K. Acoustic wave propagation in a pipe with fully developed turbulent flow. J. Sound Vibrat. 132:1989;275-298.
10. Gogate G.R., Munjal M.L. Analytical solution of sound propagation in lined or unlined circular ducts with laminar mean flow. J. Sound Vibrat. 160:1993;465-484.
11. Wendoloski J.C. On the theory of acoustic flow measurement. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110:2001;724.
12. Willatzen M. Sound propagation in a moving fluid confined by cylindrical walls - exact series solutions for radially dependent flow profiles. Acustica. 87:2001;552-559.
13. B. von Münchow, Flowmåler til Energimålesystem, Ph.D. Thesis, Procesteknisk Institut, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Industrial Acoustics, ISSN 0907-7979, Lyngby, Denmark, 1996.
14. Willatzen M. Temperature gradients and flowmeter performance. Ultrasonics. 39:2001;383-389.
15. Arfken G. Mathematical Methods for Physicists. third ed. 1985;Academic Press, Orlando. pp. 618-619.
16. Willatzen M. Sound propagation in a moving fluid confined by cylindrical walls - a comparison between an exact analysis and the local-plane-wave approximation. J. Sound Vibrat. 247:2002;719-729.