Testing for fullerenes in geological materials: Oklo carbonaceous substances, Karelian shungites, Sudbury Black Tuff

Geology

Volumn 31, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 255-258

  Mossman, David ^a   Eigendorf, Guenter ^b   Tokaryk, Dennis ^c   Gauthier Lafaye, François ^d   Guckert, Kristal D ^e   Melezhik, Victor ^f   Farrow, Catharine E G ^g  

^a MOUNT ALLISON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITÉ DE STRASBOURG   (France)

^e UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

^f Geological of Norway   (Norway)

^g Inco Technical Services Ltd ^*  (Canada)

Author keywords

Fullerenes; Geologic materials; Karelia; Oklo; Sudbury

Indexed keywords

ELECTRON-IMPACT MASS SPECTROSCOPY;

DESORPTION; FISSION REACTIONS; GEOLOGY; LASER APPLICATIONS; MASS SPECTROMETRY;

FULLERENES;

BRECCIA; CARBONATE ROCK; FULLERENE; IMPACT STRUCTURE;

CANADA; GABON; RUSSIAN FEDERATION;

EID: 0037346440     PISSN: 00917613     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0255:TFFIGM>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Ames, D.E., Bleeker, W., Heather, K.B., and Wodicka, N., eds., 1997, Timmins to Sudbury transect: New insights into the regional geology and the setting of ore deposits: Geological Association of Canada Field Trip Guidebook, v. B6, 133 p.
2. Becker, L., Bada, J.L., Winans, R.E., and Bunch, T.E., 1994a, Fullerenes in Allende meteorite: Nature, v. 372, p. 507.
3. Becker, L., Bada, J.L., Winans, R.E., Hunt, J.E., Bunch, T.E., and French, B.M., 1994b. Fullerenes in the 1.85-billion-year-old Sudbury impact structure: Science, v. 265, p. 642-645.
4. Becker, L., Poreda, R.J., and Bada, J.L., 1996, Extraterrestrial helium trapped in fullerenes in the Sudbury impact structure: Science, v. 272, p. 249-252.
5. Becker, L., Bunch, T.E., and Allamandola, L.J., 1999, Higher fullerenes in the Allende meteorite: Nature, v. 400, p. 227-228.
6. Becker, L., Poreda, R.J., and Bada, J.L., 2000, Fullerenes: An extraterrestrial carbon carrier phase for noble gases: National Academy of Science Proceedings, v. 97, p. 2979-2983.
7. Becker, L., Poreda, R.J., Hunt, A.G., Bunch, T.E., and Rampino, M., 2001, Impact event at the Permian-Triassic boundary: Evidence from extraterrestrial noble gases in fullerenes: Science, v. 291, p. 1530-1533.
8. Bethune, D.S., Johnson, R.D., Salem, J.R., de Vries, M.S., and Yannoni, C.S., 1993, Atoms in carbon cages: The structure and properties of endohedral fullerenes: Nature, v. 366, p. 123-128.
9. Buseck, P.R., and Tsipursky, S.J., 1992, The formation of fullerenes: Reply: Science, v. 258, p. 1718-1719.
10. Buseck, P.R., Tsipursky, S.J., and Hehich, R., 1992, Fullerenes from the geological environment Science, v. 257, p. 215-217.
11. O heated in air and the attempted characterization of the products: Carbon, v. 31, p. 185-193.
12. Chijiwa, T., Arai, T., Sugai, T., Shinohara, H., Kumazawa, M., Takano, M., and Kawakami, S., 1999, Fullerenes found in the Permo-Triassic mass extinction period: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 26, p. 767-770.
13. Cortial, E., Gauthier-Lafaye, F., Lacrampe-Couloume, G., Oberlin, A., and Weber, F., 1990, Characterization of organic matter associated with uranium deposits in the Francevillian Formation of Gabon (lower Proterozoic): Organic Geochemistry, v. 15, p. 73-85.
14. Daly, T.K., Buseck, P.R., Williams, P., and Lewis, C.F., 1993, Fullerenes from a fulgurite: Science, v. 259, p. 1599-1601.
15. 60 in carbonaceous chondrites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 57, p. 933-938.
16. di Brozolo, F.R., Bunch, T.E., Fleming, R.H., and Macklin, J., 1994, Fullerenes in an impact crater on the LDEF spacecraft: Nature, v. 369, p. 37-40.
17. Ebbesen, T.W., Hiura, H., Hedenquist, J.W., de Ronde, C.E.J., Andersen, A., Often, M., and Melezhik, V.A., 1995, Origins of fullerenes in rock: Science, v. 268, p. 1634-1635.
18. 60: Nature, v. 369, p. 296-298.
19. 60 as a precursor: Carbon, v. 39, p. 1769-1787.
20. Hettich, R.L., and Buseck, P.R., 1996, Concerning fullerenes in shungite: Carbon, v. 34, p. 685-687.
21. Heymann, D., 1995, Search for ancient fullerenes in anthraxolite, shungite, and thucholite: Carbon, v. 33, p. 237-239.
22. Heymann, D., Wolbach, W.S., Chibante, L.P.F., Brooks, R.R., and Smalley, R.E., 1994a. Search for extractable fullerenes in clays from the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary of the Woodside Creek and Flaxbourne sites, New Zealand: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, p. 3531-3534.
23. Heymann, D., Chibante, L.P., Brooks, R.R., Wolbach, W.L., and Smalley, R.E., 1994b, Fullerenes in the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary layer: Science, v. 265, p. 645-647.
24. Jehliêka, J., Ozawa, M., Slanina, Z., and Ozawa, E., 2000, Fullerenes in solid bitumens from pillow lavas of Precambrian age (Mitov, Bohemian Massif): Fullerene Science and Technology, v. 8, p. 449-452.
25. 60: Buck- minsterfullerene: Nature, v. 318, p. 162-163.
26. Mastalerz, M., Glikson, M., Stankiewicz, B.A., Volkova, I.B., and Bustin, R.M., 2001, Organic and mineral matter in a Precambrian shungite deposit from Karelia, Russia, in Glikson, M., and Mastalerz, M., eds., Organic matter and mineralization: Dordrecht, Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 102-119.
27. Masterov, V.F., Chudnovski, A.Z., Kozyrev, S.V., Zaidenberg, A.Z., Rozhkova, N.N., Podesenova, N.G., and Stefanovich, G.B., 1994, Microwave absorption in fullerene containing shungites: Molecular Materials, v. 4, p. 213-216.
28. Mathieu, R., Zetterman, L., Cuney, M., Gauthier-Lafaye, F., and Hidaka, H., 2000, Alteration of monazite and zircon and lead migration as geochemical tracers of fluid circulations around the Oklo-Okélobondo and Bangombé natural nuclear reactor zones (Franceville basin, Gabon): Chemical Geology, v. 31, p. 147-171.
29. Melezhik, V.A., Fallick, A.E., Filippov, M.M., and Larsen, O., 1999, Karclian shungite, an indication of 2.0 Ga-old metamorphosed oil shale and generation of petroleum: Geology, lithology and geochemistry: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 47, p. 1-40.
30. Mossman, D.J., Nagy, B., Rigali, M.J., Gauthier-Lafaye, F., and Holliger, P., 1993, Petrography and paragenesis of organic matter associated with the natural fission reactors at Oklo. Republic of Gabon: A preliminary report: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 24, p. 179-194.
31. Mossman, D.J., Gauthier-Lafaye, F., and Jackson, S.E., 2001. Carbonaceous substances associated with the Paleoproterozoic natural fission reactors of Oklo, Gabon: Paragenesis, thermal maturation and carbon isotopic and trace element compositions: Precambrian Research, v. 106, p. 135-148.
32. Nagy, B., Gauthier-Lafaye, F., Holliger, P., Davis, D.W., Mossman, D.J., Leventhal, J.S., Rigali, M.J., and Parnell, J., 1991, Organic matter and containment of uranium and fissiogenic isotopes at the Oklo natural reactors: Nature, v. 354, p. 472-475.
33. Nagy, B., Gauthier-Lafaye, F., Holliger, P., Mossman, D.J., Leventhal, J.S., and Rigali, M.J., 1993, Role of organic matter in the Proterozoic Oklo natural fission reactors, Gabon, Africa: Geology, v. 21, p. 655-658.
34. Parthasarathy, G., Srinivasan, R., Vairamani, M., Ravikumar, K., and Kunwar, A.C., 1998, Occurence of natural fullerenes in low-grade metamorphosed Proterozoic shungite from Karelia, Russia: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 62, p. 3541-3544.
35. 70 formation in flames: Journal of Physical Chemistry, v. 97, p. 11,001-11,013.
36. 60 by pyrolysis of napthalene: Nature, v. 366, p. 728-731.
37. Tissot, B.P., and Welte, D.H., 1984, Petroleum formation and occurence (second edition): Berlin, Springer, 699 p.
38. Ugarte, D.R., 1992, Curling and closure of graphitic networks under electron-beam irradiation: Nature, v. 359, p. 707-709.