Dynamic evaluation of the anorectum

Radiologic Clinics of North America

Volumn 41, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 425-441

  Bartram, Clive ^a  

^a ST MARK S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BARIUM; CONTRAST MEDIUM; EVACU PASTE; GLYCEROL; MEGLUMINE DIATRIZOATE;

ACCURACY; ANISMUS; ANORECTAL DISEASE; ANTERIOR MUCOSAL PROLAPSE; COLON LAVAGE; DEFECATION; DEFECOGRAPHY; DESCENDING PERINEUM SYNDROME; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; ELECTROMYOGRAM; ENDOSCOPIC ECHOGRAPHY; EVALUATION; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; INTUSSUSCEPTION; PELVIS FLOOR; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROCTOPEXY; PROGNOSIS; QUESTIONNAIRE; RADIODIAGNOSIS; RECTOCELE; RECTOSCOPY; RECTUM; RECTUM PROLAPSE; RELIABILITY; REST; REVIEW; SOLITARY RECTAL ULCER SYNDROME; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0037346015     PISSN: 00338389     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0033-8389(02)00116-1     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. Herbst F, Kamm MA, Morris GP, Britton K, Woloszko J, Nicholls RJ. Gastrointestinal transit and prolonged ambulatory colonic motility in health and fecal incontinence. Gut 1997;41:381-9.
2. Phillips SF, Edwards DA. Some aspects of anal continence and defecation. Gut 1965;6:396-406.
3. Wallden L. Roentgen examination of the deep rectogenital pouch. Acta Radiol 1953;39:105-16.
4. Ekengren K, Snellman B. Roentgen appearances in mechanical rectal constipation. Acta Radiol 1953;40:447-56.
5. Kerremans R. Radio-cinematographic examination of the rectum and the anal canal in cases of rectal constipation: a radio-cinematographic and physical explanation of dyschezia. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 1968;31:561-70.
6. Mahieu PH, Pringot J, Bodart P. Defecography: 1. Description of a new procedure and results in normal patients. Gastrointest Radiol 1984;9:247-51.
7. Mahieu PH, Pringot J, Bodart P. Defecography: 2. Contribution to the diagnosis of defecation disorders. Gastrointest Radiol 1984;9:253-61.
8. Ginai AZ. Evacuation proctography (defecography): a new seat and method of examination. Clin Radiol 1990;42:214-6.
9. Ikenberry S, Lappas JC, Hana MP, Rex DK. Defecography in healthy subjects: comparison of three contrast media. Radiology 1996;201:233-8.
10. Pelsang RE, Rao SS, Welcher K. FECOM: a new artificial stool for evaluating defecation. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:183-6.
11. Jorge JM, Wexner SD, Marchetti F, Rosato GO, Sullivan ML, Jagelman DG. How reliable are currently available methods of measuring the anorectal angle? Dis Colon Rectum 1992;35:332-8.
12. Bartram CI, Turnbull GK, Lennard-Jones JE. Evacuation proctography: an investigation of rectal expulsion in 20 subjects without defecatory disturbance. Gastrointest Radiol 1988;13:72-80.
13. Shorvon PJ, McHugh S, Diamant NE, Somers S, Stevenson GW. Defecography in normal volunteers: results and implications. Gut 1989;30:1737-49.
14. Ekberg O, Nylander G, Fork FT. Defecography. Radiology 1985;155:45-8.
15. Yoshioka K, Pinho M, Ortiz J, Oya M, Hyland G, Keighley MR. How reliable is measurement of the anorectal angle by videoproctography? Dis Colon Rectum 1991;34:1010-3.
16. Choi JS, Wexner SD, Nam YS, Mavrantonis C, Salum MR, Yamaguchi T, et al. Intraobserver and inter-observer measurements of the anorectal angle and perineal descent in defecography. Dis Colon Rectum 2000;43:1121-6.
17. Jorgensen J, Stein P, King DW, Lubowski DZ. The anorectal angle is not a reliable parameter on defaecating proctography. Aust N Z J Surg 1993;63:105-8.
18. Penninckx F, Debruyne C, Lestar B, Kerremans R. Observer variation in the radiological measurement of the anorectal angle. Int J Colorectal Dis 1990;5:94-7.
19. Awad RA, Martin J, Guevara M, Ramos R, Noguera JL, Camacho S, et al. Defaecography in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and healthy volunteers. Int J Colorectal Dis 1997;12:91-4.
20. Halligan S, McGee S, Bartram CI. Quantification of evacuation proctography. Dis Colon Rectum 1994;37:1151-4.
21. Karlbom U, Nilsson S, Pahlman L, Graf W. Defecographic study of rectal evacuation in constipated patients and control subjects. Radiology 1999;210:103-8.
22. Hare C, Halligan S, Bartram CI, Gupta R, Walker AE, Renfrew I. Dose reduction in evacuation proctography. Eur Radiol 2001;11:432-4.
23. Parks AG, Hardcastle JD, Hardcastle JD. The syndrome of the descending perineum. Proc R Soc Med 1966;59:477-82.
24. Oettle GJ, Roe AM, Bartolo DC, Mortensen NJ. What is the best way of measuring perineal descent? A comparison of radiographic and clinical methods. Br J Surg 1985;72:999-1001.
25. Pinho M, Yoshioka K, Ortiz J, Oya M, Keighley MR. The effect of age on pelvic floor dynamics. Int J Colorectal Dis 1990;5:207-8.
26. Parks AG. Royal Society of Medicine, Section of Proctology; Meeting 27 November 1974. President's Address. Anorectal incontinence. Proc R Soc Med 1975;68:681-90.
27. Karasick S, Spettell CM. The role of parity and hysterectomy on the development of pelvic floor abnormalities revealed by defecography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997;169:1555-8.
28. Jorge JM, Ger GC, Gonzalez L, Wexner SD. Patient position during cinedefecography. Influence on perineal descent and other measurements. Dis Colon Rectum 1994;37:927-31.
29. Allen-Mersh TG, Henry MM, Nicholls RJ. Natural history of anterior mucosal prolapse. Br J Surg 1987;74:679-82.
30. Tsiaoussis J, Chrysos E, Glynos M, Vassilakis JS, Xynos E. Pathophysiology and treatment of anterior rectal mucosal prolapse syndrome. Br J Surg 1998;85:1699-702.
31. Preston DM, Lennard-Jones JE. Anismus in chronic constipation. Dig Dis Sci 1985;5:413-8.
32. Halligan S, Bartram CI, Park HJ, Kamm MA. Proctographic features of anismus. Radiology 1995;197:679-82.
33. Wasserman IF. Puborectalis syndrome: rectal stenosis due to anorectal spasm. Dis Colon Rectum 1964;7:87-98.
34. Karlbom U, Edebol Eeg-Olofsson K, Graf W, Nilsson S, Pahlman L. Paradoxical puborectalis contraction is associated with impaired rectal evacuation. Int J Colorectal Dis 1998;13:141-7.
35. Miller R, Duthie GS, Bartolo DC, Roe AM, Locke-Edmunds J, Mortensen NJ. Anismus in patients with normal and slow transit constipation. Br J Surg 1991;78:690-2.
36. Voderholzer WA, Neuhaus DA, Klauser AG, Tzavella K, Muller-Lissner SA, Schindlbeck NE. Paradoxical sphincter contraction is rarely indicative of anismus. Gut 1997;41:258-62.
37. Johansson C, Nilsson BY, Mellgren A, Dolk A, Holmstrom B. Paradoxical sphincter reaction and associated colorectal disorders. Int J Colorectal Dis 1992;7:89-94.
38. Halligan S, Malouf A, Bartram CI, Marshall M, Hollings N, Kamm MA. Predictive value of impaired evacuation at proctography in diagnosing anismus. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2001;177:633-6.
39. Siproudhis L, Ropert A, Lucas J, Raoul JL, Heresbach D, Bretagne JF, et al. Defecatory disorders, anorectal and pelvic floor dysfunction: a polygamy? Radiologic and manometric studies in 41 patients. Int J Colorectal Dis 1992;7:102-7.
40. Ting KH, Mangel E, Eibl-Eibesfeldt B, Muller-Lissner SA. Is the volume retained after defecation a valuable parameter at defecography? Dis Colon Rectum 1992;35:762-7.
41. Halligan S, Bartram CI. Is barium trapping in rectoceles significant? Dis Colon Rectum 1995;38:764-8.
42. Kenton K, Shott S, Brubaker L. The anatomic and functional variability of rectoceles in women. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 1999;10:96-9.
43. Kelvin FM, Maglinte DD, Homback JA, Benson JT. Pelvic prolapse: assessment with evacuation proctography (defecography). Radiology 1992;184:547-51.
44. Yoshioka K, Matsui Y, Yamada O, Sakaguchi M, Takada H, Hioki K, et al. Physiologic and anatomic assessment of patients with rectocele. Dis Colon Rectum 1991;34:704-8.
45. Mellgren A, Lopez A, Schultz I, Anzen B. Rectocele is associated with paradoxical anal sphincter reaction. Int J Colorectal Dis 1998;13:13-6.
46. Greenberg T, Kelvin FM, Maglinte DD. Barium trapping in rectoceles: are we trapped by the wrong definition? Abdom Imaging 2001;26:587-90.
47. Turnbull GK, Bartram CI, Lennard-Jones JE. Radiologic studies of rectal evacuation in adults with idiopathic constipation. Dis Colon Rectum 1988;31:190-7.
48. Hutchinson R, Mostafa AB, Kumar D. Rectoceles: are they important? Int J Colorectal Dis 1993;8:232-3.
49. Karlbom U, Graf W, Nilsson S, Pahlman L. Does surgical repair of a rectocele improve rectal emptying? Dis Colon Rectum 1996;39:1296-302.
50. Van Laarhoven CJ, Kamm MA, Bartram CI, Halligan S, Hawley PR, Phillips RK. Relationship between anatomic and symptomatic long-term results after rectocele repair for impaired defecation. Dis Colon Rectum 1999;42:204-10.
51. Johansson C, Nilsson BY, Holmstrom B, Dolk A, Mellgren A. Association between rectocele and paradoxical sphincter response. Dis Colon Rectum 1992;35:503-9.
52. Murthy VK, Orkin BA, Smith LE, Glassman LM. Excellent outcome using selective criteria for rectocele repair. Dis Colon Rectum 1996;39:374-8.
53. Mellgren A, Anzen B, Nilsson BY, Johansson C, Dolk A, Gillgren P, et al. Results of rectocele repair. A prospective study. Dis Colon Rectum 1995;38:7-13.
54. van Dam JH, Ginai AZ, Gosselink MJ, Huisman WM, Bonjer HJ, Hop WC, et al. Role of defecography in predicting clinical outcome of rectocele repair. Dis Colon Rectum 1997;40:201-7.
55. Van Dam JH, Schouten WR, Ginai AZ, Huisman WM, Hop WC. The impact of anismus on the clinical outcome of rectocele repair. Int J Colorectal Dis 1996;11:238-42.
56. Brubaker L. Rectocele [review]. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 1996;8:876-9.
57. Cavallo G, Salzano A, Grassi R, Zanatta P, Tuccillo M. Rectocele in males: clinical, defecographic, and CT study of singular cases. Dis Colon Rectum 1991;34:964-6.
58. Chen HH, Iroatulam A, Alabaz O, Weiss EG, Nogueras JJ, Wexner SD. Associations of defecography and physiologic findings in male patients with rectocele. Tech Coloproctol 2001;5:157-61.
59. Grassi R, Pomerri F, Habib FI, Catalano O, Bressanin F, Rotondo A. Defecography study of outpouchings of the external wall of the rectum: posterior rectocele and ischio-rectal hernia. Radiol Med (Torino) 1995;90:44-8.
60. Bar-Ziv J, Solomon A. Patulous rectum extension into the ischiorectal fossa: CT findings. Gastrointest Radiol 1992;17:79-80.
61. Karasick S, Spettell CM. Defecography: does parity play a role in the development of rectal prolapse? Eur Radiol 1999;9:450-3.
62. Bremmer S, Uden R, Mellgren A. Defaeco-peritoneography in the diagnosis of rectal intussusception and rectal prolapse. Acta Radiol 1997;38:578-83.
63. Moschcowitz AV. The pathogenesis, anatomy and cure of prolapse of the rectum. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1912;15:827-9.
64. Broden B, Snellman B. Procidentia of the rectum studied by cineradiography: a contribution to the discussion of causative mechanism. Dis Colon Rectum 1968;11:330-47.
65. Fleshman JW, Kodner IJ, Fry RD. Internal intussusception of the rectum: a changing perspective. Neth J Surg 1989;41:145-8.
66. Goei R, Baeten C, Arends JW. Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome: findings at barium enema study and defecography. Radiology 1988;168:303-6.
67. Hoffman MJ, Kodner IJ, Fry RD. Internal intussusception of the rectum: diagnosis and surgical management. Dis Colon Rectum 1984;27:435-41.
68. van Tets WF, Kuijpers JH. Internal rectal intussusception: fact or fancy? Dis Colon Rectum 1995;38:1080-3.
69. McGee SG, Bartram CI. Intra-anal intussusception: diagnosis by posteroanterior stress proctography. Abdom Imaging 1993;18:136-40.
70. Pomerri F, Zuliani M, Mazza C, Villarejo F, Scopece A. Defecographic measurements of rectal intussusception and prolapse in patients and in asymptomatic subjects. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2001;176:641-5.
71. Vaizey CJ, van den Bogaerde JB, Emmanuel AV, Talbot IC, Nicholls RJ, Kamm MA. Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. Br J Surg 1998;85:1617-23.
72. Petros PE, Ulmsten U. Urethral and bladder neck closure mechanisms [letter]. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;173:346-8.
73. Womack NR, Williams NS, Holmfield JH, Morrison JF. Pressure and prolapse: the cause of solitary rectal ulceration. Gut 1987;28:1228-33.
74. Halligan S, Sultan A, Rottenberg G, Bartram CI. Endosonography of the anal sphincters in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. Int J Colorectal Dis 1995;10:79-82.
75. Halligan S, Nicholls RJ, Bartram CI. Proctographic changes after rectopexy for solitary rectal ulcer syndrome and preoperative predictive factors for a successful outcome. Br J Surg 1995;82:314-7.
76. Vaizey CJ, Roy AJ, Kamm MA. Prospective evaluation of the treatment of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome with biofeedback. Gut 1997;41:817-20.
77. Sun WM, Read NW, Donnelly TC, Bannister JJ, Shorthouse AJ. A common pathophysiology for full thickness rectal prolapse, anterior mucosal prolapse and solitary rectal ulcer. Br J Surg 1989;76:290-5.
78. Kang YS, Kamm MA, Nicholls RJ. Solitary rectal ulcer and complete rectal prolapse: one condition or two? Int J Colorectal Dis 1995;10:87-90.
79. Kang YS, Kamm MA, Engel AF, Talbot IC. Pathology of the rectal wall in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome and complete rectal prolapse. Gut 1996;38:587-90.
80. Ott DJ, Donati DL, Kerr RM, Chen MY. Defecography: results in 55 patients and impact on clinical management. Abdom Imaging 1994;19:349-54.
81. Hiltunen KM, Kolehmainen H, Matikainen M. Does defecography help in diagnosis and clinical decision-making in defecation disorders? Abdom Imaging 1994;19:355-8.
82. Muller-Lissner SA, Bartolo DC, Christiansen J, Ekberg O, Goei R, Hopfner W, et al. Interobserver agreement in defecography: an international study. Z Gastroenterol 1998;36:273-9.
83. Pfeifer J, Oliveira L, Park UC, Gonzalez A, Agachan F, Wexner SD. Are interpretations of video defecographies reliable and reproducible? Int J Colorectal Dis 1997;12:67-72.
84. Jones HJ, Swift RI, Blake H. A prospective audit of the usefulness of evacuating proctography. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1998;80:40-5.
85. Harvey CJ, Halligan S, Bartram CI, Hollings N, Sahdev A, Kingston K. Evacuation proctography: a prospective study of diagnostic and therapeutic effects. Radiology 1999;211:223-7.