Identification and quantitation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (NaGHB) by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Journal of Forensic Sciences

Volumn 48, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 292-298

  Chew, Shirley L ^a   Meyers, John A ^b  

^a Drug Enforcement Administration   (United States)

^b Drug Enforcement Administration   (United States)

Author keywords

Forensic science; Gamma butyrolactone (GBL); Gamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB); Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR)

Indexed keywords

4 HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID; GAMMA BUTYROLACTONE;

ARTICLE; CARBON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; DERIVATIZATION; FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION; FORENSIC SCIENCE; FOURIER TRANSFORMATION; IMAGE ANALYSIS; MUSCLE GROWTH; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION;

EID: 0037344690     PISSN: 00221198     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1520/jfs2002186     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Lewis A, Smith E. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate: From the 60s to the present. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 2000;6:43.
2. Duchaine D. Underground steroid handbook (II). Update: 1992, Golden, CO: Mile High Publishing, 1992.
3. Phillips WN. Anabolic reference guide, 6th ed. Golden, CO: Mile High Publishing, 1991.
4. Auerbach SB. Multistate outbreak of poisonings associated with illicit use of gamma hydroxybutyrate. MMWR 1999;Nov 39(47):861-3.
5. Drug Enforcement Administration, Gamma hydroxybutyric acid. Washington, D.C.: Press Release March 2000.
6. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Sciences. The Dawn Report, Club Drugs, December 2000 (Updated).
7. Morris JA. Extraction of GHB for FTIR analysis and a new color test for gamma-butyrolactone (GBL). Microgram 1999;32(8):215.
8. Krawczeniuk A. The occurrence of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in a steroid seizure. Microgram 1993;26(7):160-6.
9. Blackledge RD, Miller MD. The identification of GHB. Microgram 1991;24(7):172-9.
10. Blair S, Song M, Hall B, Brodbelt J. Determination of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in water and human urine by solid phase microextraction - gas chromatography/quadrupole ion trap spectrometry. J Forensic Sci 2001;46(3):688.
11. Ciolino LA. Bridging the gap between GHB and GBL. Proceedings of American Academy of Forensic Sciences Meeting 2000;6:44.
12. Mesmer MZ, Satzger RD. Determination of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) by HPLC/UV-VIS spectrophotometry and HPLC/thermospray mass spectrometry. J Forensic Sci 1998;43(3):489-92.
13. Chew SL. Identification and quantitation of GHB by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, 1999;5:41.
14. Lettieri JT, Fung H. Evaluation and development of gas chromatographic procedures for the determination of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and gamma-butyrolactone in plasma. Biochem Med 1978;(20):70-80.
15. Krawczeniuk A. Direct detection of gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB): A new recreational drug via free zone capillary electrophoresis. Proceedings of American Academy of Forensic Sciences, 1998;4:34.
16. Garcia AD, Lurie IS, Hulett L, Almirall JR. Quantitation of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and gamma-butyrolactone using capillary electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, 2001;7:28.
17. Beyerle TH. Optimum high performance liquid chromatography parameters for the quantitation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and gamma-butyrolactone. Proceedings of American Academy of Forensic Sciences, 2000;6:44.
18. Aue WP, Bartholdi E, Ernst RR. Two-dimensional spectroscopy: Applications to nuclear magnetic resonance. J Chem Phys 1976;64:2229-46.
19. Bax A, Morris GA. An improved method for heteronuclear chemical shift correlation by two dimensional NMR. J Magn Reson 1981;42:501-5.
20. Stortz CA, Maier MS. Configurational assignments of diastereomeric γ-lactones using vicinal H-H NMR coupling constants and molecular modeling. Perkin Trans 2 2000;9:1832-6.
21. Jaime C, Segura C. Substituted γ-lactones with vicinal hydrogen atoms: conformational study by MM2 calculations and coupling constant analysis. J Org Chem 1993;58(1):154-8.
22. Thomas SA, Agbaji EB. Molecular conformation of γ-lactone rings from crystal structure data. J Crystallogr Spectrosc Res 1989;19(1):3-23.
23. Jaime C, Ortuno RM, Font J. Di- and trisubstituted γ-lactones. Conformational study by molecular mechanics calculations and coupling constant analysis. J Org Chem 1986;51(21):3946-51.
24. Lere-Porte JP, Galsomias J, Petrissans J, Brianso MC. Substituents effects on the conformation of γ-lactones. I. γ-Butyrolactone derivatives. J Molec Struct 1984;118(3-4):277-92.
25. Pihlaja K, Kleinpeter E. Carbon-13 NMR chemical shifts in structural and stereochemical analysis. VCH, New York, NY, 1994.
26. Croasmun WR, Carlson RM. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Applications for chemists and biochemists, 2nd edition. VCH, New York, NY, 1994.
27. Martin GE, Zektzer AS. Two-dimensional NMR methods for establishing molecular connectivity. VCH, New York, NY, 1988.
28. Abraham RJ, Fisher J, Loftus P. Introduction to NMR spectroscopy. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1988.
29. Becker ED. High resolution NMR, 2nd edition. Academic Press, New York, NY, 1980.