Virtual damping and Einstein relation in oscillators

IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits

Volumn 38, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 407-418

  Ham, Donhee ^a   Hajimiri, Ali ^b  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b California Institute of Technology   (United States)

Author keywords

Analog integrated circuits; LC oscillators; Oscillators; Phase noise; Radio frequency (RF) circuits; Resonators; Ring oscillators

Indexed keywords

CAPACITORS; CIRCUIT OSCILLATIONS; ELECTRIC INDUCTORS; LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; RESONATORS; SPURIOUS SIGNAL NOISE;

EINSTEIN RELATION; LC OSCILLATORS; PHASE NOISE; RADIO-FREQUENCY CIRCUITS; RING OSCILLATORS; VIRTUAL DAMPING;

OSCILLATORS (ELECTRONIC);

EID: 0037344383     PISSN: 00189200     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2002.808283     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. M. Lax, "Classical noise. V. noise in self-sustained oscillators," Phys. Rev., CAS-160, pp. 290-307, 1967.
2. R. Kubo, "A stochastic theory of line-shape and relaxation," in Fluctuation, Relaxation and Resonance in Magnetic Systems, D. T. Haar, Ed. Edinburgh, U.K.: Oliver and Boyd, 1962.
3. ____, "Stochastic Liouville equations," J. Math. Phys., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 174-183, Feb. 1963.
4. R. L. Stratonovich, Topics in the Theory of Random Noise. New York: Gordon and Breach, 1967, vol. II.
5. -α noise in oscillators," Int. J. Circuit Theory Appl., vol. 18, pp. 485-519, 1990.
6. A. Demir, A. Mehrotra, and J. Roychowdhury, "Phase noise in oscillators: A unifying theory and numerical methods for characterization," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, vol. 47, pp. 665-674, May 2000.
7. D. B. Leeson, "A simple model of feedback oscillator noise spectrum," Proc. IEEE, vol. 54, pp. 329-330, Feb. 1966.
8. W. A. Edson, "Noise in oscillators," Proc. IRE, vol. 48, pp. 1454-1466, Aug. 1960.
9. B. Razavi, "A study of phase noise in CMOS oscillators," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 31, pp. 331-343, Mar. 1996.
10. J.J. Rael and A. A. Abidi, "Physical processes of phase noise in differential LC oscillators," in Proc. IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conf., Orlando, FL, May 2000, pp. 569-572.
11. K. A. Kouznetsov and R. G. Meyer, "Phase noise in LC oscillators," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 35, pp. 1244-1248, Aug. 2000.
12. A. Hajimiri and T. H. Lee, "A general theory of phase noise in electrical oscillators," IEEE Solid-State Circuits, vol. 33, pp. 179-194, Feb. 1998.
13. E. Hegazi, H. Sjoland, and A.A. Abidi, "A filtering technique to lower LC oscillator phase noise," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 36, pp. 1921-1930, Dec. 2001.
14. M. Straayer, J. Cabanillas, and G. Rebeiz, "A low-noise transformer-based 1.7-GHz CMOS VCO," in IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2002, pp. 286-287.
15. F. Herzel, "An analytical model for the power spectral density of a voltage-controlled oscillator and its analogy to the laser linewidth theory," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, vol. 45, pp. 904-908, Sept. 1998.
16. F. Herzel and B. Razavi, "A study of oscillator jitter due to supply and substrate noise," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, vol. 46, pp. 56-62, Jan. 1999.
17. A. A. Andronov, A. A. Vitt, and S. E. Khaikin, Theory of Oscillators. New York: Pergamon, 1966.
18. N. G. Van Kampen, Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: North-Holland, 1992.
19. F. Reif, Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1985.
20. T. C. Weigandt, B. Kim, and P.R. Gray, "Analysis of timing jitter in CMOS ring oscillators," in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits and Systems, vol. 4, May 1994, pp. 27-30.
21. J. A. McNeill "Jitter in ring oscillators," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 32, pp. 870-879, June 1997
22. A. Hajimiri, S. Limotyrakis, and T. H. Lee, "Jitter and phase noise in ring oscillators," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 34, pp.790-804, June 1999.
23. B. Razavi, RF Microelectronics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1998.
24. P. Grivet and A. Blaquiere, "Nonlinear effects of noise in electronic clocks," Proc. IEEE, vol. 51, pp. 1606-1614, Nov. 1963.
25. B. Razavi, "A 1.8-GHz CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator," in IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 1997, pp. 388-389.
26. A. Hajimiri and T. H. Lee, "Design issues in CMOS differential LC oscillators," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 34, pp. 717-724, May 1999.
27. C. Hung and K. O., "A packaged 1.1-GHz CMOS VCO with phase noise of - 126 dBc/Hz at a 600-kHz offset," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 35, pp. 100-103, Jan. 2000.
28. J. Kim and B. Kim, "A low-phase-noise CMOS LC oscillator with a ring structure," in IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2000, pp. 430-431.
29. F. Svelto, S. Deantoni, and R. Castello, "A 1.3-GHz low-phase noise fully tunable CMOS LC VCO," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 35, pp. 356-361, Mar. 2000.
30. D. Ham and A. Hajimiri, "Concepts and methods in optimization of integrated LC VCO," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 36, pp. 896-909, June 2001.
31. H. Wu and A. Hajimiri, "A 10-GHz CMOS distributed voltage-controlled oscillator," in Proc. IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conf., May 2000, pp. 581-584.
32. Q. Huang, "Phase noise to carrier ratio in LC oscillators," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, vol. 47, pp. 965-980, July 2000.
33. T. H. Lee and A. Hajimiri, "Oscillator phase noise: A tutorial," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 35, pp. 326-336, Mar. 2000.
34. A. Hajimiri and T. H. Lee, The Design of Low Noise Oscillators. Norwell, MA: Kluwer, 1999.
35. D. Ham, "Statistical electronics: Noise processes in integrated systems," Ph. D. dissertation, California Inst. Technol., Pasadena, CA, 2002.
36. A. Einstein, Annalen der Physik, vol. 17, p. 549, 1905.
37. ____, Investigation on the Theory of the Brownian Motion. New York: Dover, 1956.
38. S. M. Sze, Physics of Semiconductor Devices. New York: Wiley, 1981.
39. A. Van Der Ziel, Noise in Solid-State Devices and Circuits. New York: Wiley, 1986.
40. D. Ham and A. Hajimiri, "Virtual damping in oscillators," in Proc. IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conf., Orlando, FL, May 2002, pp. 213-216.