Disseminated cryptococcosis in an AIDS patient caused by a canavanine-resistant strain of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii

Journal of Medical Microbiology

Volumn 52, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 271-275

  Khan, Z U ^a   Al Anezi, A A ^c   Chandy, R ^a   Xu, J ^b  

^a KUWAIT UNIVERSITY   (Kuwait)

^b MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BROMOTHYMOL BLUE; CANAVANINE; EDETIC ACID; GLYCINE; PROLINE;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADULT; ALLELE; ARTICLE; CASE REPORT; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID ANALYSIS; CLINICAL FEATURE; CRYPTOCOCCOSIS; CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS; CULTURE MEDIUM; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE COURSE; FUNGUS IDENTIFICATION; FUNGUS ISOLATION; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; LYMPH NODE BIOPSY; MALE; MATING TYPE; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEROTYPE; SPUTUM ANALYSIS; STE12 GENE; STE20 GENE;

ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; AMPHOTERICIN B; ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; CANAVANINE; CRYPTOCOCCOSIS; CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS; DIABETES MELLITUS; DRUG RESISTANCE, FUNGAL; FATAL OUTCOME; FLUCONAZOLE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED;

EID: 0037340659     PISSN: 00222615     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.05097-0     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Casadevall, A. & Perfect, J. R. (1998). Cryptococcus neoformans. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology.
2. Chaturvedi, S., Rodeghier, B., Fan, J., McClelland, C. M., Wickes, B. L. & Chaturvedi, V. (2000). Direct PCR of Cryptococcus neoformans MATα and MATa pheromones to determine mating type, ploidy, and variety: a tool for epidemiological and molecular pathogenesis studies. J Clin Microbiol 38, 2007-2009.
3. Chaturvedi, V., Fan, J., Stein, B., Behr, M. J., Samsonoff, W. A., Wickes, B. L. & Chaturvedi, S. (2002). Molecular genetic analyses of mating pheromones reveal intervariety mating or hybridization in Cryptococcus neoformans Infect Immun 70, 5225-5235.
4. Crowe, S. M., Carlin, J. B., Stewart, K. L., Lucas, C. R. & Hoy, J. F. (1991). Predictive value of CD4 lymphocyte numbers for the development of opportunistic infections and malignancies in HIV-infected persons. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 4, 770-776.
5. Ellis, D. & Pfeiffer, T. (1992). The ecology of Cryptococcus neoformans. Eur J Epidemiol 8, 321-325.
6. Franzot, S. P., Salkin, I. F. & Casadevall, A. (1999). Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii: separate varietal status for Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A isolates. J Clin Microbiol 37, 838-840.
7. Gallant, J. E. & Ko, A. H. (1996). Cavitary pulmonary lesions in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 22, 671-682.
8. Halliday, C. L., Bui, T., Krockenberger, M., Malik, R., Ellis, D. H. & Carter, D. A. (1999). Presence of α and a mating types in environmental and clinical collections of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii strains from Australia. J Clin Microbiol 37, 2920-2926.
9. Khan, Z. U. & Chugh, T. D. (2000). Invasive fungal infections in Kuwait. A retrospective study. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 42, 279-287.
10. Kwon-Chung, K. J., Wickes, B. L., Booth, J. L., Vishniac, H. S. & Bennett, J. E. (1987). Urease inhibition by EDTA in the two varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect Immun 55, 1751-1754.
11. Kwon-Chung, K. J., Edman, J. C & Wickes, B. L. (1992). Genetic association of mating types and virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect Immun 60, 602-605.
12. Min, K. H. & Kwon-Chung, K. J. (1986). The biochemical basis for the distinction between the two Cryptococcus neoformans varieties with CGB medium. Zentbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A 261, 471-480.
13. Mitchell, T. G. & Perfect, J. R. (1995). Cryptococcosis in the era of AIDS - 100 years after the discovery of Cryptococcus neoformans. Clin Microbiol Rev 8, 515-548.
14. Nakamura, Y., Kano, R., Sato, H., Watanabe, S., Takahashi, H. & Hasegawa, A (1998). Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A and D developed on canavanine-glycine-bromthymol blue medium. Mycoses 41, 35-40.
15. Nampoory, M. R. N., Khan, Z. U., Johny, K. V., Constandi, J. N., Gupta, R. K., Al-Muzairi, I., Samhan, M., Mozavi, M. & Chugh, T. D. (1996). Invasive fungal infections in renal transplant recipients. J Infect 33, 95-101.
16. NCCLS (1997). Reference method for broth dilution susceptibility testing for yeasts. Approved Standard M27-A. Wayne, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.
17. Nishikawa, M. M., Sant'Anna, O. D., Lazera, M. S. & Wanke, B. (1996). Use of D-proline assimilation and CGB medium for screening Brazilian Cryptococcus neoformans isolates. J Med Vet Mycol 34, 365-366.
18. Powderly, W. G. (1993). Cryptococcal meningitis and AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 17, 837-842.
19. Saag, M. S., Graybill, R. J., Larsen, R. A., Pappas, P. G., Perfect, J. R., Powderly, W. G., Sobel, J. D. & Dismukes, W. E. (2000). Practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 30, 710-718.
20. Schaffner, A. & Bohler, A. (1993). Amphotericin B refractory aspergillosis after itraconazole: evidence for significant antagonism. Mycoses 36, 421-424.
21. Shadomy, H. J., Wood-Helie, S., Shadomy, S., Dismukes, W. E. & Chau, R. Y. (1987). Biochemical serogrouping of clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 6, 131-138.
22. Sugar, A. M. (1995). Use of amphotericin B with azole antifungal drugs: what are we doing? Antimicrob Agents Chemother 39, 1907-1912.
23. Sugar, A. M., Hitchcock, C. A., Troke, P. F. & Picard, M. (1995). Combination therapy of murine invasive candidiasis with fluconazole and amphotericin B. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 39, 598-601
24. Sukroongreung, S., Nilakul, C., Ruangsomboon, O., Chuakul, W. & Eampokalap, B. (1996). Serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from patients prior to and during the AIDS era in Thailand. Mycopathologia 135, 75-78.
25. van der Horst, C. M., Saag, M. S., Cloud, G. A. & 9 other authors (1997). Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group and AIDS Clinical Trials Group. N Engl J Med 337, 15-21.
26. Xu, J., Vilgalys, R. J. & Mitchell, T. G. (2000). Multiple gene genealogies reveal recent dispersion and hybridization in the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Mol Ecol 9, 1471-1481.
27. Yan, Z., Li, X. & Xu, J. (2002). Geographic distribution of mating type alleles of Cryptococcus neoformans in four areas of the United States. J Clin Microbiol 40, 965-972.