Electrochemical reduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in a continuous flow laboratory scale reactor

Journal of Environmental Engineering

Volumn 129, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 192-201

  Doppalapudi, Rajesh B ^a   Sorial, George A ^a   Maloney, Stephen W ^b  

^a University of Cincinnati   (United States)

^b U S ARMY ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Cisterns; Laboratory tests; Wastewater treatment

Indexed keywords

ELECTROCHEMISTRY; GRAPHITE; REDUCTION; SOLUTIONS; TOLUENE;

ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION;

CHEMICAL REACTORS;

BATCH PROCESS; CISTERN; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS; ELECTROLYTE; REDUCTION; TOLUENE; WASTEWATER TREATMENT;

EID: 0037340532     PISSN: 07339372     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:3(192)     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Berchtold, S. R., Vanderloop, S. L., Suidan, M. T., and Maloney, S. W. (1995). "Treatment of 2,4-dinitrotoluene using a two-stage system: Fluidized bed anaerobic granular activated carbon reactors and aerobic activated sludge reactors." Water Environ. Res., 67, 1081-1091.
2. Bradley, P. M., Chapelle, F. H., and Landmeyer, J. E. (1997). "Potential for intrinsic bioremediation of a DNT-contaminated aquifer." Ground Water, 35(1), 12-17.
3. Bunce, N. J., Merica, S. G., and Lipkowski, J. (1997). "Prospects for the use of electrochemical methods for the destruction of aromatic organochlorine wastes." Chemosphere, 35(11), 2719-2726.
4. Cheng, J., Suidan, M. T., and Venosa, A. D. (1996). "Abiotic reduction of 2,4-dinotrotoluene in the presence of sulfide minerals under anoxic conditions." Water Sci. Technol., 34(10), 25-33.
5. Ho, P. C. (1986). "Photooxidation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in aqueous solution in the presence of hydrogen peroxide." Environ. Sci. Technol., 20(1), 260-265.
6. IT Corporation. (1996). "Treatment of propellent production wastewaters containing 2,4-Dinitrotoluene." Rep. No. SFIM-AEC-ETD-CR-95048, U.S. Army Environmental Center, Aberdeen, Md.
7. Janssen, H. J., Kruithof, A. J., Steghniuis, G. J., and Westerterp, K. R. (1990). "Kinetics of the catalytic hydrogenation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene-1. Experiments, reaction scheme, and catalyst activity." Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 29(5), 754-766.
8. Jolas, J. L., Pehkonen, S. O., and Maloney, S. W. (2000). "Reduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene with graphite and titanium mesh cathodes." Water Environ. Res., 72(2), 179-188.
9. Kaplan, D. L. (1996). "Biotechnology and bioremediation for organic energetic compounds." Organic energetic compounds, P. L. Marinkas, ed., Nova, Commack, N.Y.
10. Lang, P. S., Ching, W. K., Willberg, D. M., and Hoffmann, M. R. (1998). "Oxidative degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by ozone in an electrohydraulic discharge reactor." Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 3142-3148.
11. Lessard, J., and Velin Prikidanovics, A. (1990). "An effecient electrosyn thesis of 2,4- and 2,6-diaminotoluenes." J. Appl. Electrochem., 20, 527-529.
12. Levsen, K., Mussmann, E., Berger-Preiss, E., Preiss, A., Volmer, D., and Wunsch, G. (1993). "Analysis of nitroaromatics and nitramines in ammunition waste water and in aqueous samples from former ammunition plants and other military sites." Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiolog., 21, 153-156.
13. Lewis, R. J. (2000). Sax's dangerous properties of industrial materials, 10th Ed., Wiley, New York, 1501.
14. McCormick, N. G., Cornell, J. H., and Kaplan, A. M. (1978). "Identification of biotransformation products from 2,4-dinitrotoluene." Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 35, 945-948.
15. Palmer, W. G., Small, M. J., Dacre, J. C., and Eaton, J. C. (1996). Organic energetic compounds, P. L. Marinkas, ed., Nova, Commack, N.Y.
16. Parrish, F. W. (1977). "Fungal transformation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene." Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 47, 1295-1298.
17. Pehkonen, S. O., Jolas, J. L., Meenashisundaram, D., and Maloney, S. W. (1999). "Electrochemical reduction of nitro-aromatics: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT)." Technical Rep. No. 99/89, CERL.
18. Ribordy, P., Pulgarin, C., Kiwi, J., and Peringer, P. (1997). "Electrochemical versus photochemical pretreatment of industrial wastewaters." Water Sci. Technol., 35(5), 293-302.
19. Rodgers, J. D., and Bunce, N. J. (2001). "Treatment methods for the remediation of nitroaromatic explosives." Water Res., 35(9), 2101-2111.
20. Rodgers, J. D., and Bunce, N. J. (2001b). "Electrochemical treatment of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and related compounds." Environ. Sci. Technol., 35(2), 406-410.
21. Spanggord, R. J., Spain, J. C., Nishino, S. F., and Mortelmans, K. E. (1991). "Biodegradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene by a Pseudomonas sp." Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 57, 5700.
22. Vanderloop, S. L., Suidan, M. T., Moteleb, M. A., and Maloney, S. W. (1999). "Biotransformation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene under different electron acceptor conditions." Water Res., 33(5),