Genesis of bisequal soils on acidic drift in the Upper Great Lakes Region, USA

Soil Science Society of America Journal

Volumn 67, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 612-619

  Bockheim, J G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACIDITY; ALUMINUM; GRAVEL; LEACHING; MELTING; POSITIVE IONS; SAND;

COARSE-LOAMY MATERIALS;

CLAY;

ACID SOIL; DRIFT (GLACIAL DEPOSIT); LITHOLOGY; PEDOGENESIS;

MICHIGAN; UNITED STATES; WISCONSIN;

EID: 0037333598     PISSN: 03615995     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2003.6120     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Attig, J.W. 1985. Pleistocene geology of Vilas County, Wisconsin. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Inf. Circ. 50. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
2. Barrett, L.R., and R.J. Schaetzl. 1992. An examination of podzolization near Lake Michigan using chronofunctions. Can. J. Soil Sci. 72:527-541.
3. Beaver, A.J. 1966. Characteristics and genesis of some bisequal soils in eastern Wisconsin. Ph.D. Diss. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
4. Bockheim, J.G. 1997. Soils in a hemlock-hardwood ecosystem mosaic in the Southern Lake Superior Uplands. Can. J. For. Res. 27:1147-1153.
5. Bockheim, J.G., and S.E. Crowley. 2002. Ion cycling in hemlock-northern hardwood forests of the southern Lake Superior region: A preliminary study. J. Environ. Qual. 31:1623-1629.
6. Brown, B.E., and M.L. Jackson. 1958. Clay mineral distribution in the Hiawatha sandy soils of northern Wisconsin. Clays Clay Miner. 566:213-226.
7. Cann, D.B., and E.P. Whiteside. 1955. A study of the genesis of a Podzol-Gray-Brown Podzolic intergrade soil profile in Michigan. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 19:497-501.
8. Franzmeier, D.P., L.D. Norton, and G.C. Steinhardt. 1989. Fragipan formation in loess of the midwestern United States. p. 69-97. In N.E. Smeck and E.J. Ciolkosz (ed.) Fragipans: Their occurrence, classification, and genesis. SSSA Spec. Publ. 24. SSSA, Madison, WI.
9. Franzmeier, D.P., E.P. Whiteside, and M.M. Mortland. 1963. A chronosequence of Podzols in northern Michigan. III. Mineralogy, micromorphology and net changes during soil formation. p. 37-57. In Quart. Bull. 46. Mich. State Univ. Agric. Exp. Stn., East Lansing, MI.
10. Frelich, L.E., R.R. Calcote, and M.B. Davis. 1993. Patch formation and maintenance in an old-growth hemlock hardwood forest. Ecology 74:513-527.
11. Habecker, M.A., K. McSweeney, and F.W. Madison. 1990. Identification and genesis of fragipans in Ochrepts of north central Wisconsin. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 54:139-146.
12. Hole, F.D. 1975. Some relationships between forest vegetation and podzol B horizons in soils of the Menominee Tribal Lands, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Sov. Soil Sci. 7(6):714-723.
13. Karathanasis, A.D. 1989. Solution chemistry of fragipans - Thermodynamic approach to understanding fragipan formation. p. 113-139. In N.E. Smeck and E.J. Ciolkosz (ed.) Fragipans: Their occurrence, classification, and genesis. SSSA Spec. Publ. 24. SSSA, Madison, WI.
14. Keys, J., Jr., C. Carpenter, S. Hooks, F. Koenig, W.H. McNab, W. Russel, and M.L. Smith. 1995. Ecological units of the eastern United States - First approximation (map and booklet of map unit tables). USDA Forest Service, Southern Region, Atlanta, GA.
15. Khakural, B.P., G.D. Lemme, and D.L. Mokma. 1993. Till thickness and argillic horizon development in some Michigan Hapludalfs. Soil Surv. Horiz. 34:6-13.
16. Kotar, J., J.A. Kovach, and C.T. Locey. 1988. Field guide to forest habitat types of northern Wisconsin. Dep. of Forestry, Univ. of Wisconsin and Wisconsin Dep. Nat. Resources, Madison, WI.
17. Lindbo, D.L., and P.L.M. Veneman. 1993. Morphological and physical properties of selected fragipan soils in Massachusetts. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57:429-436.
18. Locke, W.W. 1986. Fine particle translocation in soils developed on glacial deposits, southern Baffin Island, N.W.T., Canada. Arct. Alp. Res. 18:33-43.
19. Miller, M.B., T.H. Cooper, and R.H. Rust. 1993. Differentiation of an eluvial fragipan from dense glacial till in northern Minnesota. Soil Sci Soc. Am. J. 57:787-796.
20. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1980. Climatological data national summary 1980. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Data Service, National Climate Center, Asheville, NC.
21. National Soil Information System. 2002. NASIS Development Site [Online]. [1 p.] Available at: http://nasis.nrcs.usda.gov [revised 22 July 2002; verified 18 Oct. 2002]. USDA-NRCS, Washington, DC.
22. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2002. National Water and Climate Center, NRCS, USDA [Online]. [1 p.] Available at: http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov [verified 18 Oct. 2002]. USDA-NRCS, Washington, DC.
23. Peterson, W.L. 1982. Preliminary surficial map of the Iron River 1° by 2° quadrangle, Michigan and Wisconsin. Open File Rep. 82-301. U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO.
24. Schaetzl, R.J. 1996. Spodosol-Alfisol intergrades: Bisequal soils in NE Michigan, USA. Geoderma 74:23-47.
25. Schaetzl, R.J., and S.A. Isard. 1996. Regional-scale relationships between climate and strength of podzolization in the Great Lakes region, North America. Catena 28:47-69.
26. Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil Survey Manual. USDA Agric. Handb. 18. 2nd ed. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC.
27. Soil Survey Staff. 1996. Soil survey laboratory methods manual. Invest. Rep. 42. Version 3.0. USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE.
28. Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil Taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd ed. USDA Agric. Handb. No. 439. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC.
29. Van Vliet-Lanoe, B. 1985. Frost effects in soils. p. 117-158. In J. Boardman (ed.) Soils and quaternary landscape evolution. J. Wiley & Sons, New York.
30. Wang, C., G.R. Brewster, and K.T. Webb. 1995. Micromorphological evidence of pedogenetic patyway of a Podzolic Gray Luvisol (Falmouth series) in Nova Scotia. Can. J. Soil Sci. 75:491-496.
31. Whittig, L.D., and M.L. Jackson. 1956. Mineral content and distribution as indexes of weathering in the Omega and Ahmeek soils of northern Wisconsin. p. 362-371. In Publ. 456. The Clay Minerals Society, Aurora, CO.
32. Yassaglou, N.J., and E.P. Whiteside. 1960. Morphology and genesis of some soils containing fragipans in northern Michigan. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 24:396-407.