Rerewhakaaitu Tephra, a land-sea marker for the Last Termination in New Zealand, with implications for global climate change

Quaternary Science Reviews

Volumn 22, Issue 2-4, 2003, Pages 289-308

  Newnham, Rewi M ^a   Eden, Dennis N ^b   Lowe, David J ^b   Hendy, Chris H ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ICE; ISOTOPES; MINERALOGY; SEDIMENTS;

FLUVIAL AGGRADATION;

CLIMATE CHANGE;

GLOBAL CHANGE; LAST GLACIAL; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY; PALEOCLIMATE; PLEISTOCENE; SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE; TEPHROCHRONOLOGY;

NEW ZEALAND;

EID: 0037321488     PISSN: 02773791     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0277-3791(02)00137-3     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. Adams, J., Maslin, M., Thomas, E., 1999. Sudden climate transitions during the Quaternary. Progress in Physical Geography 23, 1-36.
2. Alloway, B.V., Stewart, R.B., Neall, V.E., Vucetich, C.G., 1992. Climate of the last glaciation in New Zealand based on aerosolic quartz influx in an andesitic terrain. Quaternary Research 38, 170-179.
3. Alloway, B.V., Neall, V.E., Vucetich, C.G., 1995. Late Quaternary (post 28,000 yr BP) tephrostratigraphy of northeast and central Taranaki, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 25, 385-458.
4. Atkinson, T.C., Briffa, K.R., Coope, G.R., 1987. Seasonal temperatures in Britain during the past 22,000 years, reconstructed using beetle remains. Nature 325, 587-591.
5. 14C accelerator mass spectrometry. Nature 328, 791-794.
6. 14C ages of corals: an updated database including samples from Barbados, Mururoa and Tahiti. Radiocarbon 40, 1085-1092.
7. 14C concentration during the Last Glacial period. Science 292, 2453-2458.
8. Berger, A., 1978. Long-term variations of daily insolation and Quaternary climatic changes. Journal of Atmospheric Science 35, 2362-2367.
9. Berryman, K., Marden, M., Eden, D., Mazengarb, C., Ota, Y., Moriya, I., 2000. Quaternary river terraces of the Waipaoa River, East Coast, New Zealand, and their tectonic and paleoclimatic significance. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 43, 229-245.
10. Birrell, K.S., Pullar, W.A., 1973. Weathering of paleosols in Holocene and late Pleistocene tephras in central North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 16, 687-702.
11. Björck, J., Wastegård, S., 1999, Climate oscillations and tephrochronology in eastern middle Sweden during the last glacial - interglacial transition. Journal of Quaternary Science 14, 399-410.
12. Björck, S., Walker, M.J.C., Cwynar, L.C., Johnsen, S., Knudsen, K.-L., Lowe, J.J., Wohlfarth, B., Intimate Members, 1998. An event stratigraphy for the Last Termination in the North Atlantic region based on the Greenland ice-core record: a proposal by the INTIMATE group. Journal of Quaternary Science 13, 283-292.
13. Bond, G., Heinrich, H., Broecker, W., Labeyrie, L., McManus, J., Andrews, J., Huon, S., Jantschik, R., Clausen, S., Simet, C., Tedesco, K., Klas, M., Bonani, G., Ivy, S., 1992. Evidence for massive discharges of icebergs into the glacial northern Atlantic, Nature 360, 245-249.
14. Carter, L., Nelson, C.S., Neil, H.L., Froggatt, P.C., 1995. Correlation, dispersal, and preservation of the Kawakawa Tephra and other late Quaternary tephra layers in the Southwest Pacific Ocean. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 38, 29-46.
15. Carter, L., Neil, H.L., McCave, I.N., 2000. Glacial to interglacial changes in non-carbonate and carbonate accumulation in the SW Pacific Ocean, New Zealand. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 162, 333-356.
16. Chappell, J., 2002. Sea level changes forced ice breakouts in the Last Glacial cycle: new results from coral terraces. Quaternary Science Reviews 21, 1229-1240.
17. Cole, J.W., 1970. Description and correlation of Holocene volcanic formations in the Tarawera-Rerewhakaaitu region. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand (Earth Sciences) 8, 93-108.
18. 14Ckyr BP) interpreted from coleopteran assemblages. Journal of Quaternary Science 13, 419-433.
19. Cronin, S.J., Neall, V.E., Palmer, A.S., Stewart, R.B., 1997. Methods of identifying late Quaternary rhyolitic tephras on the ring plains of Ruapehu and Tongariro volcanoes, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 40, 175-184.
20. Davies, S., Branch, N.P., Lowe, J.J., Turney, C.S.M., 2002. Towards a European tephrochronological framework for Termination 1 and the Early Holocene. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London A360, 767-802.
21. Denton, G.H., Heusser, C.J., Lowell, T.V., Moreno, P.I., Andersen, B.G., Heusser, L.E., Schlücter, C., Marchant, D.R., 1999. Interhemispheric linkage of paleoclimate during the last glaciation. Geografiska Annaler 81, 107-153.
22. de Vernal, A., Hillaire-Marcel, C., 2000. Sea-ice cover, sea-surface salinity and halo-/thermocline structure of the northwest North Atlantic: Modern versus full glacial conditions. Quaternary Science Reviews 19, 65-85.
23. Donoghue, S.L., Neall, V.E., Palmer, A.S., 1995. Stratigraphy and chronology of late Quaternary andesitic tephra deposits, Tongariro Volcanic Centre, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 25, 115-206.
24. Duplessy, J.C., 1982. Glacial to Interglacial contrasts in the Northern Indian Ocean. Nature 295, 494-498.
25. Duplessy, J.C., Delibrias, G., Turon, J.L., Duprat, J., 1981. Deglacial warming of the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean: Correlation with paleoclimatic evolution of the European continent. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 35, 121-144.
26. Eden, D.N., Hammond, A.P., 2002. Dust accumulation in the New Zealand region since the Last Glacial Maximum. Quaternary Science Reviews (DIRTMAP issue) in press.
27. Eden, D.N., Froggatt, P.C., McIntosh, P.D., 1992. The distribution and composition of volcanic glass in late Quaternary loess deposits of southern South Island, New Zealand, and some possible correlations. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 35, 69-79.
28. Eden, D.N., Palmer, A.S., Cronin, S.J., Marden, M., Berryman, K., 2001. Dating the culmination of river aggradation at the end of the last glaciation using distal tephra compositions, eastern North Island, New Zealand. Geomorphology 38, 133-151.
29. Elliot, M., Labeyrie, L., Bond, G, Cortyö, E., Turon, J.-L., Tisnerat, N., Duplessey, J.C., 1998. Millenial-scale iceberg discharges in the Irminger Basin during the last glacial period: Relationship with the Heinrich events and environmental settings. Palaeoceanography 13, 433-446.
30. Fitzsimons, S.J., 1997. Late-glacial and early Holocene glacier activity in the Southern Alps, New Zealand. Quaternary International 38-39, 69-76.
31. Fenner, J., Carter, L., Stewart, R., 1992. Late Quaternary paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic change over northern Chatham Rise, New Zealand. Marine Geology 108, 383-404.
32. Froggatt, P.C., 1983. Toward a comprehensive Upper Quaternary tephra and ignimbrite stratigraphy in New Zealand using electron microprobe analysis of glass shards. Quaternary Research 19, 188-200.
33. Froggatt, P.C., Lowe, D.J., 1990. A review of late Quaternary silicic and some other tephra formations from New Zealand: their stratigraphy, nomenclature, distribution, volume, and age. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 33, 89-109.
34. Green, J.D., 1979. Palaeolimnological studies on Lake Maratoto, North Island, New Zealand. Paleolimnology of Lake Biwa and the Japanese Pleistocene 7, 416-438.
35. Green, J.D., Lowe, D.J., 1985. Stratigraphy and development of c. 17,000 year old Lake Maratoto, North Island, New Zealand, with some inferences about postglacial climate change. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 28, 675-699.
36. Green, J.D., Lowe, D.J., 1992. Palaeolimnology in New Zealand. Quaternary Australasia 10, 25-34.
37. Green, J.D., Lowe, D.J., 1994. Origin and development. In: Clayton, J.S., de Winton, M.D. (Eds.), Lake Rotoroa: Change in an Urban Lake. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ecosystems Publication 9, pp. 13-23.
38. Hajdas, I., Ivy-Ochs, S.D., Bonani, G., Lotter, A.F., Zolitschka, B., Schlüchter, C., 1995. Radiocarbon age of the Laacher See Tephra: 11 230 plus or minus 40BP. Radiocarbon 37, 149-154.
39. Hammond, A.P., 1997. Late Quaternary landscape evolution of western Hawke's Bay, North Island, New Zealand. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
40. Hellstrom, J., McCulloch, M., Stone, J.A., 1998. A detailed 31,000-year record of climate and vegetation change from the isotope geochemistry of two New Zealand speleothems. Quaternary Research 50, 167-178.
41. Hendy, I.L., 1995. Paleoceanography of the Glacial-Holocene transition in the waters surrounding New Zealand. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
42. Hendy, C.H., Wilson, A.T., 1968. Paleoclimatic data from speleothems. Nature 219, 48-51.
43. Hendy, C.H., Hendy, I.L., Neil, H.L., Nelson, C.S., 1994. Whatever happened to the Younger Dryas in the Southwest Pacific? Geological Society of New Zealand, Miscellaneous Publication 80A, 85.
44. Hendy, I.L., Kennett, J.P., Roark, E.B., Ingram, B.L., 2002. Apparent synchroneity of submillenial scale climate events between Greenland and Santa Barbara Basin, California from 30 to 10 ka. Quaternary Science Reviews 21, 1167-1184.
45. Heusser, C.J., Heusser, L.E., Lowell, T.V., 1999. Paleoecology of the southern Chilean Lake District - Isla Grande de Chiloé during middle-late Llanquihue glaciation and deglaciation. Geografiska Annaler 81A, 231-284.
46. Hodder, A.P.W., Green, B.E., Lowe, D.J., 1990. A two-stage model for the formation of clay minerals from tephra-derived volcanic glass. Clay Minerals 25, 313-327.
47. Hogg, A.G., Lowe, D.J., Hendy, C.H., 1987. University of Waikato radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 29, 263-301.
48. Imbrie, J., Boyle, E.A., Clemens, S.C., Duffy, A., Howard, W.R., Kukla, G., Kutzbach, J., Martinson, D., McIntyre, A., Miz, A., Molfino, B., Morley, J., Peterson, L., Pisias, N., Prell, W., Raymo, M., Shackleton, N., Toggweiler, J., 1992. On the structure and origin of major glaciation cycles - 1. Linear response to Milankovitch forcing. Paleoceanography 7, 701-738.
49. Jouzel, J., Barkov, N.I., Barnola, J.M., Bender, M., Chappelaz, J., Genthon, C., Kotlyakov, V.M., Lipenkov, V., Lorius, C., Petit, J.R., Raynaud, D., Raisbeck, G., Ritz, C., Sowers, T., Stievenard, M., Yiou, F., Yiou, P., 1993. Extending the Vostok ice-core record of paleoclimate to the penultimate glacial period. Nature 364, 407-412.
50. Jurado-Chichay, Z., Walker, G.P.L., 2000. Stratigraphy and dispersal of the Mangaone Subgroup pyroclastic deposits, Okataina Volcanic Centre, New Zealand. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 104, 319-383.
51. Kennedy, N.M., 1982. Tephric loess in the Rotorua-Bay of Plenty region, North Island, New Zealand. In: Wasson, R.J. (Ed.), Quaternary Dust Mantles of China, New Zealand and Australia. INQUA Loess Commission. Australian National University, Canberra, pp. 119-122.
52. Kennedy, N.M., 1988. Late Quaternary loess associated with the Mamaku Plateau, North Island, New Zealand. In: Eden, D.N., Furkert, R.J. (Eds.), Loess: its Distribution, Geology and Soils. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 71-80.
53. Kennedy, N., 1994. New Zealand tephro-chronology as a tool in geomorphic history of the ca 140ka Mamaku Ignimbrite Plateau and in relating oxygen isotope stages. Geomorphology 9, 97-115.
54. Kilgour, G.N., Smith, R.T., 2001. The nature and dynamics of the Rotorua eruptive episode. Geological Society of New Zealand, Miscellaneous Publication 110A, 82.
55. Kohn, B.P., 1970. Identification of New Zealand tephra layers by emission spectrographic analysis of their titanomagnetites. Lithos 3, 361-368.
56. Kohn, B.P., Glasby, G.P., 1978. Tephra distribution and sedimentation rates in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 21, 49-70.
57. Leake, B.E., 1978. Nomenclature of amphiboles. Canadian Mineralogist 16, 501-520.
58. Lehman, S.J., Jones, G.A., Keigwin, L.D., Andersen, E.S., Butenko, G., Østmo, S-R., 1991. Initiation of Fennoscandian ice-sheet retreat during the last deglaciation. Nature 349, 513-517.
59. Lister, G., 1988. A 15,000-year isotopic record in Lake Zürich of deglaciation and climatic oscillations as recorded in Swiss Lake sediments. Quaternary Research 29, 129-141.
60. Lowe, D.J., 1986. Controls on the rates of weathering and clay mineral genesis in airfall tephras: a review and New Zealand case study. In: Colman, S.M., Dethier, D.P. (Eds.), Rates of Chemical Weathering of Rocks and Minerals. Academic Press, Orlando, pp. 265-330.
61. Lowe, D.J., 1995. Teaching clays: from ashes to allophane. In: Churchman, G.J., Fitzpatrick, R.W., Eggleton, R.A. (Eds.), Clays: Controlling the Environment. Proceedings 10th international Clay Conference Adelaide. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp. 19-23.
62. Lowe, D.J., 1988. Stratigraphy, age, composition, and correlation of late Quaternary tephras interbedded with organic sediments in Waikato lakes, North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 31, 125-165.
63. Lowe, D.J., 2000. Upbuilding pedogenesis in multisequal tephra-derived soils in the Waikato region. In: Adams, J.A., Metherell, A.K. (Eds.), Proceedings Australian and New Zealand Second Joint Soils Conference Lincoln University, 2, 183-184.
64. Lowe, D.J., Hogg, A.G., 1992a. Provisional chronology of a late Quaternary core from Lake Waikare, North Island, New Zealand. International Project on Paleolimnology and Late Cenozoic Climate 6, 160-168.
65. Lowe, D.J., Hogg, A.G., 1992b. Application of new technology liquid scintillation spectrometry to radiocarbon dating of tephra deposits, New Zealand. Quaternary International 13-14, 135-142.
66. Lowe, D.J., Newnham, R.M., 1999. Advances in Quaternary tephrostratigraphy and tephrochronology in New Zealand. Quaternary Australasia 17, 12-19.
67. Lowe, D.J., Newnham, R.M., Ward, C.M., 1999. Stratigraphy and chronology of a 15 ka sequence of multi-sourced silicic tephras in a montane peat bog in eastern North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 42, 565-579.
68. Lowell, T.V., Heusser, C.J., Anderson, B.G., Moreno, P.I., Hauser, A., Heusser, L.E., Schlüchter, C., Marchant, D.R., Denton, G.H., 1995. Interhemispheric correlation of Late Pleistocene glacial events. Science 269, 1541-1549.
69. McCabe, A.M., Clark, P.U., 1998. Ice-sheet variability around the North Atlantic Ocean during the last deglaciation. Nature 392, 373-377.
70. McCulloch, R.D., Bentley, M.J., 1998. Late glacial ice advances in the Strait of Magellan, Southern Chile. Quaternary Science Reviews 17, 775-787.
71. McGlone, M.S., 1985. Biostratigraphy of the last interglacial-glacial cycle. Victoria University of Wellington Geology Department Publication 31, 17-31.
72. McGlone, M.S., 1988. History of the New Zealand vegetation. In: Huntley, B., Webb, T. (Eds.), Handbook of Vegetation Science, Vol. 7: Vegetation History. Kluwer, Amsterdam, pp. 558-599.
73. McGlone, M.S., Topping, W.W., 1977. Aranuian (postglacial) pollen diagrams from the Tongariro region, North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 15, 749-760.
74. McGlone, M.S., 2001. A late Quaternary pollen record from marine core P69, southeastern North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 44, 69-77.
75. McGlone, M.S., Howorth, R., Pullar, W.A., 1984. Late Pleistocene stratigraphy, vegetation and climate of the Bay of Plenty and Gisborne regions, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 27, 327-350.
76. McGlone, M.S., Salinger, M.J., Moar, N.T., 1993. Paleovegetation studies of New Zealand's climate since the Last Glacial Maximum. In: Wright Jr., H.E., et al. (Ed.), Global Climates since the Last Glacial maximum. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, pp. 294-317.
77. McIntyre, A., Molfino, B., 1996. Forcing of Atlantic equatorial and subpolar millennial cycles by precession. Science 274, 1867-1870.
78. Nairn, I.A., 1992. The Te Rere and Okareka eruptive episodes - Okataina Volcanic Centre, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 35, 93-108.
79. Nelson, C.S., Hendy, I.L., Neil, H., Hendy, C.H., Weaver, P.P.E., 2000. Last glacial jetting of cold waters through the Subtropical Convergence zone in the Southwest Pacific off eastern New Zealand, and some geological implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 156, 103-121.
80. Newnham, R.M., 1990. Late Quaternary palynological investigations into the history of vegetation and climate in northern New Zealand. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
81. Newnham, R.M., Lowe, D.J, 1999. Testing the Synchroneity of pollen signals using tephrostratigraphy. Global and Planetary Change 21, 113-128.
82. Newnham, R.M., Lowe, D.J., 2000. Fine-resolution pollen record of late-glacial climate reversal from New Zealand. Geology 28, 759-762.
83. Newnham, R.M., Lowe, D.J., Green, J.D., 1989. Palynology, vegetation and climate of the Waikato lowlands, North Island, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 19, 127-150.
84. Newnham, R.M., Lowe, D.J., Williams, P.W., 1999. Quaternary environmental change in New Zealand: a review. Progress in Physical Geography 23, 567-610.
85. Newnham, R.M., McGlone, M.S., Giles, T.M., Lowe, D.J., Green, JD., in prep. An integrated late Quaternary record of environmental change from the Waikato lowlands, northern New Zealand, in preparation.
86. Parfitt, R.L., Saigusa, M., Cowie, J.D., 1984. Allophane and halloysite formation in a volcanic ash bed under different moisture conditions. Soil Science 138, 360-364.
87. Pillans, B., Wright, I., 1992. Late Quaternary tephrostratigraphy from the southern Havre Trough - Bay of Plenty, northeast New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 35, 129-143.
88. Pillans, B.J., McGlone, M.S., Palmer, A.S., Mildenhall, D., Alloway, B.V., Berger, G., 1993. The Last Glacial maximum in central and southern North Island, New Zealand: a paleoenvironmental reconstruction using the Kawakawa Tephra Formation as a chronostratigraphic marker. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 101, 283-304.
89. Pullar, W.A., 1973. Maps of isopachs and volumes of tephra, central North Island 1: 100,000. In: Pullar, W.A., Birrell, K.S. (Eds.), Age and distribution of late Quaternary pyroclastic and associated cover deposits of the Rotorua and Taupo area, North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Soil Survey Report 1.
90. Pullar, W.A., Birrell, K.S., Heine, J.C., 1973. Explanatory notes to accompany New Zealand Soil Survey Reports 1 and 2. In: Pullar, W.A., Birrell, K.S. (Eds.), Age and distribution of late Quaternary pyroclastic and associated cover deposits of the Rotorua and Taupo area, North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Soil Survey Report 1.
91. Sandiford, A., Alloway, B.V., Shane, P., 2001. A 28,000-6600cal yr record of local and distal volcanism preserved in a paleolake, Auckland, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 44, 323-336.
92. Sandiford, A., Horrocks, M., Newnham, R.M., Ogden, J., Alloway, B.V., 2002. Environmental change during the Last Glacial Maximum (ca 25,500-16,500 years BP) at Mr. Richmond, Auckland Isthmus, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 32, 155-167.
93. Selby, M.J., Lowe, D.J., 1992. The middle Waikato Basin and hills. In: Soons, J.M., Selby, M.J. (Eds.), Landforms of New Zealand, 2nd Edition.. Longman Paul, Auckland, pp. 233-255.
94. Shackleton, N.J., Duplessey, J.-C., Arnold, M., Maurice, P., Hall, M.H., Cartlidge, J., 1988. Radiocarbon age of last glacial Pacific deep water. Nature 335, 708-711.
95. Shane, P.A., 1998. Correlation of rhyolitic pyroclastic eruptive units from the Taupo Volcanic Zone by Fe-Ti oxide compositional data. Bulletin of Volcanology 60, 224-238.
96. Shane, P.A., 2000. Tephrochonology: a New Zealand case study. Earth Science Reviews 49, 223-259.
97. Shane, P.A.R., Hoverd, J., 2002. Distal record of multi-sourced tephra in Onepoto Basin, Auckland, New Zealand: implications for volcanic chronology, frequency and hazards. Bulletin of Volcanology, in press (DOI 10.1007/s00445-002-0217-2).
98. Sikes, E.L., Samson, C.R., Guilderson, T.P., Howard, W.R., 2000. Old radiocarbon ages in the southwest Pacific Ocean during the last glacial period and deglaciation. Nature 405, 555-559.
99. Stewart, R.B., Neall, V.E., 1984. Chronology of palaeoclimatic change at the end of the last glaciation. Nature 311, 47-48.
100. Stocker, T.F., 2000. Past and future reorganisation in the climate system. Quaternary Science Reviews 19, 301-319.
101. Stokes, S., Lowe, D.J., 1988. Discriminant function analysis of late Quaternary tephras from five volcanoes in New Zealand using glass shard major element chemistry. Quaternary Research 30, 270-283.
102. Stokes, S., Lowe, D.J., Froggatt, P.C., 1992. Discriminant function analysis and correlation of late Quaternary rhyolitic tephra deposits from Taupo and Okataina volcanoes, New Zealand, using glass shard major element composition. Quaternary International 13-14, 103-117.
103. Stuiver, M., Reimer, P.J., Bard, E., Beck, J.W., Burr, G.S., Hughen, K.A., Kromer, B., McCormac, G., van der Plicht, J., Spurk, M., 1998. INTCAL98 radiocarbon age calibration, 24,000-0cal BP. Radiocarbon 40, 1041-1083.
104. Suggate, R.P., 1990. Late Pliocence and Quaternary glaciations of New Zealand. Quaternary Science Reviews 9, 175-197.
105. Topping, W.W., Kohn, B.P., 1973. Rhyolitic tephra marker beds in the Tongariro area, North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 162, 375-395.
106. Vucetich, C.G., 1968. Soil-age relationships for New Zealand based on tephro-chronology. Transactions 9th International Congress of Soil Science 4, 121-130.
107. Vucetich, C.G., Pullar, W.A., 1964. Stratigraphy of Holocene ash in the Rotorua and Gisborne districts. New Zealand Geological Survey Bulletin 73, 43-81.
108. Vucetich, C.G., Pullar, W.A., 1969. Stratigraphy and chronology of late Pleistocene volcanic ash beds in central North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 12, 784-837.
109. Waelbroeck, C., Duplessy, .J.C., Michel, E., Labeyrie, L., Paillard, D., Duprat, J., 2001. The timing of the last deglaciation in North Atlantic climate records. Nature 412, 724-727.
110. Wang, L., Sarnthein, M., Grootes, P.M., 1999. Millennial reoccurrence of century-scale events of East Asian monsoon: a possible heat conveyor for the global deglaciation. Paleoceanography 14, 725-731.
111. Wilson, C.J.N., 2001. The 26.5 ka Oruanui eruption, New Zealand: an introduction and overview. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 112, 133-174.
112. Wright, I.C., McGlone, M.S., Nelson, C.S., Pillans, B.J., 1995. An integrated latest Quaternary (Stage 3 to Present) paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic record from offshore northern New Zealand. Quaternary Research 44, 283-295.
113. Yoshikawa, T., Ikeda, Y., Iso, N., Moriya, I., Hull, A.G., Ota, Y., 1988. Origin and age of erosion surfaces in the upper drainage basin of Waiapu River, northeastern North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 31, 101-109.
114. Zielinski, G.A., Mayeweski, P.A., Meeker, L.D., Gronvold, K., Germani, M.S., Whitlow, S., Twickler, M.S., Taylor, K., 1997. Volcanic aerosols and tephrochronology of the Summit, Greenland, ice cores. Journal of Geophysical Research 102C, 26625-26640.