Microwave reflection and dielectric properties of mortar subjected to compression force and cyclically exposed to water and sodium chloride solution

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

Volumn 52, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 111-118

  Peer, Shanup ^a   Case, Joseph T ^a   Gallaher, Eric ^a   Kurtis, Kimberly E ^b   Zoughi, Reza ^a  

^a MISSOURI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b Georgia Institute of Technology   (United States)

Author keywords

Chloride; Concrete; Microwaves; Nondestructive testing; Reinforcing steel

Indexed keywords

BRIDGE DECKS; COMPACTION; CORROSION; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE REFLECTION; MECHANICAL PERMEABILITY; MICROCRACKING; MICROWAVES; NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION; PERMITTIVITY; REINFORCED CONCRETE; SODIUM CHLORIDE; STEEL; WATER; WAVEGUIDES;

SOAKING CYCLES;

MORTAR;

EID: 0037311645     PISSN: 00189456     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2003.809099     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. ELTECH Research Corp., Cathodic Protection of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Elements: A State-of-the-Art Report, 1993.
2. Federal Highway Administration, 1991 Status of the Nation's Highways and Bridges: Conditions, Performance, and Capital Investment Requirements, July 2, 1991.
3. A. M. Neville, Properties of Concrete, 4th ed. New York: Wiley. 1996, ch. 11.
4. Electrical Indication of Concrete's Ability to Resist Chlorides, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C., 1993.
5. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. ASTM C 1202-94, 1995.
6. Resistance of Concrete to Chloride Penetration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C., 1980.
7. R. Zoughi, S. Gray, and P. S. Nowak, "Microwave nondestructive estimation of cement paste compressive strength," ACI Mater. J., vol. 92, no. 1, pp. 64-70, Jan.-Feb. 1995.
8. W. Shalaby and R. Zoughi, "Analysis of monopole sensors for cement paste compressive strength estimation," Res. Nondestructive Eval., vol. 7, no. 2/3, pp. 101-105, 1995.
9. K. Mubarak, K. J. Bois, and R. Zoughi, "A simple, robust and on-site microwave technique for determining water-to-cement (w/c) ratio of fresh portland cement-based materials," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 50, pp. 1255-1263, Oct. 2001.
10. K. Bois, R. Mirshahi, and R. Zoughi, "Dielectric mixing models for cement based materials," in Proceedings of the Review of Progress in Quantitative NDE. New York: Plenum, 1997, vol. 16A, pp. 657-663.
11. K. Bois, A. Benally, P. S. Nowak, and R. Zoughi, "Microwave nondestructive determination of sand to cement (s/c) ratio in mortar," Res. Nondestructive Eval., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 227-238, 1997.
12. A. Joisel, K. J. Bois, A. D. Benally, R. Zoughi, and J. C. Bolomey, "Embedded modulated dipole scattering for near-field microwave inspection of concrete: preliminary investigation," in Proc. SPIE Subsurf. Sens. Applicat. Conf., vol. 3752, Denver, CO, July 18-23, 1999, pp. 208-214.
13. K. Bois, A. Benally, and R. Zoughi, "Microwave near-field reflection property analysis of concrete for material content determination," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 49, pp. 49-55, Feb. 2000.
14. K. J. Bois, A. D. Benally, P. S. Nowak, and R. Zoughi, "Cure-state monitoring and water-to-cement ratio determination of fresh portland cement based materials using near field microwave techniques," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 47, pp. 628-637, June 1998.
15. K. Bois and R. Zoughi, "A decision process implementation for microwave near-field characterization of concrete constituent makeup," Special Issue Subsurf. Sens. Technol. Applicat.: On Advances Applicat. Microwave Millim. Wave Nondestructive Eval., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 363-376, Oct. 2001.
16. S. Kharkovsky, M. Akay, U. Hasar, and C. Atis, "Measurement and monitoring of microwave reflection and transmission properties of cement-based specimens," in Proc. IEEE Instrum. Meas. Technol. Conf., Budapest, Hungary, May 21-23, 2001, pp. 513-518.
17. K. Bois, H. Campbell, A. Benally, P. S. Nowak, and R. Zoughi, "Microwave noninvasive detection of grout in masonry." Masonry J., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 49-54, June 1998.
18. D. Hughes, M. Kazemi, K. Marler, J. Myers, R. Zoughi, and T. Nanni, "Microwave detection of delamination between fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites and hardened cement paste," in Proc. Twenty-Eighth Annu. Rev. Progress Quantitative Nondestructive Eval., vol. 21, Brunswick, ME, Aug. 3, 2001.
19. J. Li and C. Liu, "Noncontact detection of air voids under glass epoxy jackets using a microwave system," Special Issue Subsurf. Sens. Technol. Applicat.: On Advances Applicat. Microwave Millim. Wave Nondestructive Eval., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 411-423, Oct. 2001.
20. K. Bois, A. Benally, and R. Zoughi, "Near-field microwave noninvasive determination of NaCl in mortar," IEE Proc. Sci., Meas. Technol., vol. 148, no. 4, pp. 178-182, July 2001.
21. C. Hu, A. Benally, T. Case, R. Zoughi, and K. Kurtis, "Influence on the near-field microwave reflection properties of chloride in mortar specimens made of cement types II, III and V at X- and S-bands," in SPIE Conf., vol. 4129, July 30, 2000, pp. 31-38.
22. C. Hu, T. Case, M. Castle, R. Zoughi, and K. Kurtis, "Microwave evaluation of accelerated chloride ingress in mortar," in Proc. Twenty-Seventh Annu. Rev.Progress Quantitative Nondestructive Eval., vol. 20A, Ames, IA, July 17-21, 2000, pp. 467-473.
23. J. Case, R. Zoughi, K. Donnell, D. Hughes, and K. E. Kurtis, "Microwave analysis of mortar prepared with type I/II, III and V cement and subjected to cyclical chloride exposure," in Proc. Twenty-Eighth Annu. Rev. Progress Quantitative Nondestructive Eval., vol. 21, Brunswick, ME, Aug. 3, 2001.
24. J. Case, S. Peer, K. Donnell, D. Hughes, R. Zoughi, and K. E. Kurtis, "Investigation of microwave reflection properties of mortar exposed to wet-dry cycles of tap water and chloride bath," in Proceedings of the Twenty-eighth Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, vol. 21, Brunswick, Maine, August 3, 2001.
25. R. Zoughi, S. Peer. J. Case, E. Gallaher, and K. E. Kurtis, "Microwave near-field evaluation of the effects of cyclical chloride exposure and compressive loading on mortar," in Proc. 3rd Int. Workshop Structural Health Monitoring (IWSHM). Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ., Sept. 12-14, 2001, pp. 575-583.
26. K. Bois, A. Benally, and R. Zoughi, "An exact multimode solution for the reflection properties of an open-ended rectangular waveguide radiating into a dielectric half-space: forward and inverse problems," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 48, pp. 1131-1140, Dec. 1999.
27. F. T. Ulaby, R. K. Moore, and A. K. Fung, Microwave Remote Sensing: Active and Passive. Dedham, MA: Artech House, 1986, vol. 3, pp. 2017-2025.