Variation in stereoacuity: Normative description, fixation disparity, and the roles of aging and gender

Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science

Volumn 44, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 891-900

  Zaroff, Charles M ^a   Knutelska, Magosha ^b   Frumkes, Thomas E ^b  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE; AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; BINOCULAR VISION; BRAIN REGION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; EYE FIXATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PHENOTYPIC VARIATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEX DIFFERENCE; STEREORADIOGRAPHY; STEREOSCOPIC VISION; VISUAL ACUITY; VISUAL STIMULATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGING; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SEX CHARACTERISTICS; VISION DISPARITY; VISION TESTS; VISION, BINOCULAR; VISUAL ACUITY;

EID: 0037309980     PISSN: 01460404     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.02-0361     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Allen MJ. Vision screening at Indiana State Fair. J Am Optom Assoc. 1964;35:974-977.
2. Baluyut LC, Hofstetter HW. A statistical review of 1,000 vision certificates. J Am Optom Assoc. 1964;35:664-668.
3. Jani SN. The age factor in stereopsis screening. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom. 1966;43:653-657.
4. Bell B, Wolf E, Bernholz CD. Depth perception as a function of age. Aging Hum Dev. 1972;3:77-81.
5. Hofstetter HW, Bertsch JD. Does stereopsis change with age? Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1976;53:664-667.
6. Greene HA, Madden DJ. Adult age differences in visual acuity, stereopsis, and contrast sensitivity. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1987;64:749-753.
7. Yekta AA, Pickwell LD, Jenkins TCA. Binocular vision, age and symptoms. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1989;9:115-120.
8. Wright LA, Wormald RPL. Stereopsis and ageing. Eye. 1992;6:473-476.
9. Rumsey KE. Redefining the optometric examination: addressing the vision needs of older adults. Optom Vis Sci. 1993;70:587-591.
10. Brown B, Yap MKH, Fan WCS. Decrease in stereoacuity in the seventh decade of life. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1993;13:138-142.
11. Rubin GS, Roche KB, Prasada-Rao P, Fried LP. Visual impairment and disability in older adults. Optom Vis Sci. 1994;71:750-760.
12. Yap M, Brown B, Clarke J. Reduction in stereoacuity with age and reduced retinal illuminance. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1994;14:298-301.
13. Rubin GS, West SK, Munoz B, et al. A comprehensive assessment of visual impairment in a population of older Americans. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:557-566.
14. Haegerstom-Portnoy G, Schneck ME, Brabyn JA. Seeing into old age: vision function beyond acuity. Optom Vis Sci. 1999;76:141-158.
15. Howard IP, Rogers BJ. Binocular Vision and Stereopsis. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1995:150-175.
16. Cooper J, Warshowsky J. Lateral displacement as a response cue in the Titmus stereo test. Am J of Physiol Opt. 1977;54:537-541.
17. Julesz B. Stereoscopic vision. Vision Res. 1986;26:1601-1612.
18. Mons-Williams M, Tresilian JR. Some recent studies on the extraretinal contribution to distance perception. Perception. 1999; 28:167-181.
19. Heron G, Dholakia S, Collins DE, McLaughlan H. Stereoscopic threshold in children and adults. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1985; 62:505-515.
20. Julesz B. Binocular depth perception without familiarity cues. Science. 1964;145:356-362.
21. Newhouse M, Uttal W. Distribution of stereoanomalies in the general population. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review. 1982;20:48-50.
22. Richards W. Stereopsis and stereoblindness. Exp Brain Res. 1970; 10:380-388.
23. Hering RD, Bechtoldt HP. Categorical perception of stereoscopic stimuli. Percept Psychophys. 1981;29:129-137.
24. Westheimer G, Mitchell DE. The sensory stimulus for disjunctive eye movements. Vision Res. 1969;9:749-755.
25. Uttal WR, Fitzgerald J, Eskin TE. Parameters of tachistoscopic stereopsis. Vision Res. 1975;15:705-712.
26. Zaroff CM, Knutelsa M, Frumkes TE. The effect of age on stereopsis. Neurosci Abstr. 2000;26:46.
27. Zaroff CM. Variation in stereoacuity: normative description, fixation disparity, and the roles of aging and gender (unpublished). Doctoral dissertation. New York: City University of New York; 2001.
28. Patterson R, Martin WL. Human stereopsis. Hum Factors. 1992; 34:669-692.
29. O'Toole AJ, Kersten DJ. Learning to see random-dot stereograms. Perception. 1992;21:227-243.
30. Woodson WE. Human Factors Design Handbook. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1981:1-20.
31. Krekling S. Stereoscopic threshold within the stereoscopic range in central vision. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1974;51:626-634.
32. Wood ICJ, Tomlinson A. Stereopsis measured by random-dot patterns: a new clinical test. Br J Physiol Opt. 1976;31:22-25.
33. Harwerth RS, Rawlings SC. Viewing time and stereoscopic threshold with random-dot stereograms. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1977; 54:452-457.
34. Sowden P, Davies I, Rose D, Kaye M. Perceptual learning of stereoacuity. Perception. 1996;25:1043-1052.
35. Sloane ME, Owsley C, Alvarez SL. Aging, senile miosis and spatial contrast sensitivity at low luminance. Vision Res. 1988;28:1235-1246.
36. , Howard HJ. A test for the judgment of distance. Am J Ophthalmol. 1919;2:656-675.
37. Lindenberger U, Baltes PB. Sensory functioning and intelligence in old age: a strong connection. Psychol Aging. 1994;9:339-355.
38. McKee SP, Welch L, Taylor DG, Bowne SF. Finding the common bond: stereoacuity and the other hyperacuities. Vision Res. 1990; 6:879-891.
39. Carter DB. Fixation disparity with and without foveal fusion contours. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom. 1964;41:729-736.
40. Richards W. Anomalous stereoscopic depth perception. J Opt Soc Am [A]. 1971;61:413-414.
41. Fischer B, Poggio GF. Depth sensitivity of binocular cortical neurons of behaving monkeys. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1979;204:409-414.
42. Schor CM. The influence of rapid prism adaptation upon fixation disparity. Vision Res. 1979;19:757-765.