Bleeding patterns after immediate vs. conventional oral contraceptive initiation: A randomized, controlled trial

Fertility and Sterility

Volumn 79, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 322-329

  Westhoff, Carolyn ^a   Morroni, Chelsea ^a   Kerns, Jennifer ^a   Murphy, Patricia Aikins ^a  

^a Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

Author keywords

Breakthrough bleeding; Menstruation; Oral contraceptives; Randomized controlled trial; Side effects

Indexed keywords

ETHINYLESTRADIOL; NORETHISTERONE; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT;

ACNE; ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; MOOD DISORDER; NAUSEA; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SIDE EFFECT; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; TELEPHONE; UTERINE BLEEDING PATTERN; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

ADULT; BODY CONSTITUTION; CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL; ETHNIC GROUPS; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; PATIENT SELECTION; SMOKING; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 0037305845     PISSN: 00150282     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0015-0282(02)04680-0     Document Type: Article

References (14)

1. Piccinino L.J., Mosher W.D. Trends in contraceptive use in the United States 1982-1995 . Fam Plann Perspect. 30:1998;4-10.
2. Saleh W.A., Burkman R.T., Zacur H.A., Kimball A.W., Kwiterovich P., Bell W.K. A randomized trial of bleeding patterns by contraceptive types and steroid levels. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 168:1993;1740-1745.
3. Oakley D., Sereika S., Bogue E.L. Oral contraceptive use after initial visit to a family planning clinic. Fam Plann Perspect. 23:1991;150-154.
4. Polaneckzy M., Slap G., Forke C., Rappaport A., Sondheimer S. The use of levonorgestrel implants (Norplant) for contraception in adolescent mothers. N Engl J Med. 331:1994;1201-1206.
5. Moore P.J., Adler N.E., Kegeles S.M. Adolescents and the contraceptive pill impact of beliefs on intentions to use . Obstet Gynecol. 88:1996;48S-56S.
6. Westhoff CL, Kerns J, Morroni C, Tiezzi L, Aikins-Murphy P. Quickstart: a novel oral contraceptive initiation method. Contraception. 2002:66;141-5.
7. Rosenberg M.J., Long S.C. Oral contraceptives and cycle control a critical review of the literature . Adv Contracept. 8:(Suppl 1):1992;35-45.
8. Rosenberg M.J., Waugh M.S. Oral contraceptive discontinuation a prospective evaluation of frequency and reasons . Am J Obstet Gynecol. 179:1998;577-582.
9. Yeshaya A., Orvieto R., Kauschansky A., Dicker D., Dekel A., Bar-Hava I., et al. A delayed starting schedule of oral contraception the effect on the incidence of breakthrough bleeding and compliance in women . Eur J Contracept & Repro Hlth Care. 1:1996;263-265.
10. Yeshaya A., Orvieto R., Kaplan B., Dicker D., Bar-Hava I., Bar J., et al. Flexible starting schedule for oral contraception effect on the incidence of breakthrough bleeding and compliance . Eur J Contracept & Repro Hlth Care. 3:1998;121-123.
11. Belsey E.M., Machin D., d'Arcangues C. The analysis of vaginal bleeding patterns induced by fertility regulating methods. Contraception. 38:1988;253-260.
12. Belsey E.M., Carlson N. The description of menstrual bleeding patterns towards fewer measures . Stat Med. 10:1991;267-284.
13. Rosenberg M.J., Waugh M.S., Stevens C.M. Smoking and cycle control among oral contraceptive users. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 174:1996;628-632.
14. Bracken M.B. Oral contraception and congenital malformations in offspring a review and meta-analysis of prospective studies . Obstet Gynecol. 76:1990;552-557.