Gender differences in attributions and emotions in helping contexts

Sex Roles

Volumn 48, Issue 3-4, 2003, Pages 175-182

  MacGeorge, Erina L ^a  

^a PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Causal attribution; Gender differences; Instrumentality; Moral orientation; Responsibility

Indexed keywords

EID: 0037287934     PISSN: 03600025     EISSN: 15732762     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1022459507110     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Akiyama, H., Elliott, K., & Antonucci, T. C. (1996). Same-sex and cross-sex relationships. Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 51B(6), P374-P382.
2. Auster, C. J., & Ohm, S. C. (2000). Masculinity and femininity in contemporary American society; A reevaluation using the Bern Sex-Role Inventory. Sex Roles, 43, 499-528.
3. Ben-Zur, H., & Zeidner, M. (1996). Gender differences in coping reactions under community crisis and daily routine conditions. Personality and Individual Differences, 20, 331-340.
4. Burda, P. C., Jr., Vaux, A., & Schill, T. (1984). Social support resources: Variation across sex and sex role. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 10, 119-126.
5. Caprara, G. V., Pastorelli, C., & Weiner, B. (1997). Linkages between causal ascriptions, emotion, and behaviour. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 20, 153-162.
6. Cunningham, M. R., & Barbee, A. P. (2000). Social support. In C. Hendrick & S. S. Hendrick (Eds.), Close relationships: A sourcebook (pp. 273-286). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
7. Eagly, A. H., & Crowley, M. (1986). Gender and helping behavior: A meta-analytic review of the social psychological literature. Psychological Bulletin, 100, 283-308.
8. Eagly, A. H., Wood, W., & Diekman, A. B. (2000). Social role theory of sex differences and similarities: A current appraisal. In T. Eckes & H. M. Trautner (Eds.), The developmental social psychology of gender (pp. 123-174). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
9. George, D. M., Carroll, P., Kersnick, R., & Calderon, K. (1998). Gender-related patterns of helping among friends. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 22, 685-704.
10. Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women's development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
11. Jackson, S. (1992). Message effects research. New York: Guilford Press.
12. Jackson, S., & Brashers, D. E. (1994). Random factors in ANOVA (Vol. 98). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
13. Jaffee, S., & Hyde, J. S. (2000). Gender differences in moral orientation: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 703-726.
14. Jansz, J. (2000). Masculinity and restrictive emotionality. In A. H. Fischer (Ed.), Gender and emotion: Social psychological perspectives (pp. 166-186). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
15. Karasawa, K. (1991). The effects of onset and offset responsibility on affects and helping judgments. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 21, 482-499.
16. Kojima, M. (1992). An analysis of attributional processes in helping behavior. Bulletin of the Tamagawa Guken Junior College for Women, 17, 57-63.
17. Kunkel, A. W., & Burleson, B. R. (1998). Social support and the emotional lives of men and women: An assessment of the different cultures perspective. In D. J. Canary & K. Dindia (Eds.), Sex differences and similarities in communication (pp. 101-125). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
18. Kunkel, A. W., & Burleson, B. R. (1999). Assessing explanations for sex differences in emotional support: A test of the different cultures and skill specialization accounts. Human Communication Research, 25, 307-340.
19. Levant, R. F., Hirsch, L., Celentano, E., Cozza, T., Hill, S., MacEachern, M., et al. (1992). The male role: An investigation of norms and stereotypes. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 14, 325-377.
20. MacGeorge, E. L. (1999). The influence of situational variation, associated attributions, and emotions on support providers' interaction goals [Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois, 1999]. Dissertation Abstracts International, 60, 3201.
21. MacGeorge, E. L. (2001). Support providers' interaction goals: The influence of attributions and emotions. Communication Monographs, 68, 72-97.
22. MacGeorge, E. L., Clark, R. A., & Gillihan, S. (2001). Explaining sex differences in the evaluation of comforting messages: The mediating role of interaction goals. Communication Reports, 15, 17-28.
23. Ptacek, J. T., Smith, R. E., & Dodge, K. L. (1994). Gender differences in coping with stress: When stressor and appraisals do not differ. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 421-430.
24. Samter, W. (2001). How gender and cognitive complexity influence the provision of emotional support: A study of indirect effects. Communication Reports, 15, 5-16.
25. Schwarzer, R., & Weiner, B. (1991). Stigma controllability and coping as predictors of emotions and social support. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 8, 133-140.
26. Spence, J. T., & Helmreich, R. L. (1978). Masculinity and femininity: Their psychological dimensions, correlates, and antecedants. Austin: University of Texas Press.
27. Swim, J. K., & Sanna, L. J. (1996). He's skilled, she's lucky: A meta-analysis of observers' attributions for women's and men's successes and failures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 507-519.
28. Twenge, J. M. (1997). Changes in masculine and feminine traits over time: A meta-analysis. Sex Roles, 36, 305-325.
29. Weiner, B. (1995). Judgments of responsibility: A foundation for a theory of social conduct. New York: Guilford Press.
30. Wood, J. T. (1997). Gendered lives: Communication, gender, and culture (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
31. Workman, J. E., & Freeburg, E. W. (1999). An examination of date rape, victim dress, and perceiver variables within the context of attribution theory. Sex Roles, 41, 261-277.
32. Zucker, G. S., & Weiner, B. (1993). Conservatism and perceptions of poverty: An attributional analysis. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23, 925-943.